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FIGURE 4 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 4. The geologic column according to science vs. YEC ideology. Time periods are not shown to scale. The dates according to science are from radiometric dating (Schmitz, 2020). The dates according to YEC ideology are based on biblical genealogies (Jones, 2016). YEC identifications of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and pre-Quaternary Cenozoic strata as Flood deposits (e.g., Clarey, 2020; Oard and Carter, 2021) are based on misinterpretations of geologic data (Senter, 2011; Willoughby, 2016; Prothero, 2017; Senter, 2019).
FIGURE 2 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 2. Microstructure of bone matrix. A. Part of a collagen molecule, showing its triple helical structure (based on figure 2 of Bella (2016), with modifications), with each of the three helices shown in a different color: black, dark gray, and light gray. B. A collagen microfibril and associated bone mineral crystallites, showing that the microfibril consists of five staggered collagen molecules and that the crystallites form between the tips of the collagen molecules in the microfibrils (based on figure 1d of Alexander et al. (2012), with modifications). C. Part of a collagen fibril, showing that bone mineral crystallites form both within microfibrils (unshaded crystallites) and between microfibrils (shaded crystallites).
FIGURE 1 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 1. Cells and soft tissues from bones of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens, from the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site (SHRS) in South Dakota (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian). The images are reprinted from figure 2 of Cretaceous Research vol. 99, Ullmann et al., "Patterns of soft tissue and cellular preservation in relation to fossil bone tissue structure and overburden depth at the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site, Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota, USA" (2019), with permission from Elsevier. A. Osteocyte from fragment of ossified tendon. B. Osteocyte from caudal vertebra SRHS-DU-220. C. Blood vessels with spherical structures in the lumen, from metatarsal SHRS-DU-274. D. Blood vessel (right) and sheets of CBM (lower left) from fragment of ossified tendon. E. Sheet of CBM with embedded osteocytes, from metatarsal SHRS-DU-274.
FIGURE 3 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 3. Histology of bone. A. Macroscopic view of compact and spongy bone in a cross-section of the humerus of a domestic cow (Bos taurus). B. Arrangement of microstructures in compact and spongy bone. C. Human compact bone viewed through a compound microscope, with cells boiled away and voids filled with black ink, to make lacunae and canaliculi stand out.
FIGURE 6 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 6. Recrystallization of bone mineral. Note that through geologic time, the crystallite has become enlarged, and many of its original ions have been replaced by other ions from groundwater. Here, ions are not shown to scale with respect to each other or to the size of the crystallite. For details on relative abundances of the various ions in fossil bone, see Hubert et al. (1996); Kiseleva et al. (2019); Ullman et al. (2021); Schroeter et al. (2022); and Ullmann et al. (2022). REE = rare earth elements.
FIGURE 7 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions
FIGURE 7. Spherical objects in a blood vessel from fossil bone, and items with which such structures have been hypothetically identified. The scale bar applies to A, C, and the smaller version of the image in B. The correct identity of the spherical objects in blood vessels of fossil bone remains unknown. A. Spherical objects in a blood vessel from fossil bone of the theropod dinosaur Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China (Lower Cretaceous: Barremian–Aptian). This image is used with the permission of the journal PeerJ. It is from figure 2C of "Putative fossil blood cells reinterpreted as diagenetic structures," PeerJ, vol. 9: e12651, Korneisel et al. (2019). B. Pyrite framboids, shown to scale with A and C (left) and enlarged (right). This image is used with the permission of the journal PALAIOS. It is from figure 1 of "Rapid formation of framboidal sulfides on bone surfaces from a simulated marine carcass fall," PALAIOS, vol. 30: 327-334, Vietti et al. (2015). C. Red blood cells of the crocodilian species Caiman yacare (spectacled caiman). This image is reprinted by permission from Springer, from figure 1A of "Hepatozoon caimani Carini, 1909 (Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) in wild population of Caiman yacare Daudin, 1801 (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae), Pantanal, Brazil," Parasitology Research, vol. 116: 1907-1916 (2017).
Supplementary Material of "Fuel Starvation in Automotive PEMFC Stacks: Hydrogen Stoichiometry and Electric Cell-to-Cell Interaction"
<p>This video contains the discussed experimental data of the following journal publication, which explains experimental setup, test cycle and the shown data in detail.</p> <p><strong>Nissen, J., Boye, J. P., Schwämmlein, J. N., & Hölzle, M. (2024). Fuel starvation in automotive PEMFC stacks: hydrogen stoichiometry and electric cell-to-cell interaction. <em>Journal of Physics: Energy</em>. <br><a title="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad5f54" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad5f54">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad5f54</a></strong></p> <p>Version 01: Video as .MKV file. Quite large and not supported for in-browser visualization by zenodo.</p> <p>Version 02: Changed video format from .MKV to .MP4 to reduce file size and allow in-browser visualization by zenodo. Identical content as Version 01.</p>
Figure 3 in Cytotoxicity of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in tumor and non-tumor human cells and radioprotection by integral juices of Vitis labrusca L.
Figure 3. Mean absorbance and standard deviation of MRC-5 cells treated with conventional and organic grape juices, exposed or not to UV-C irradiation (10 and 20 µL/mL), treated alone or in cytoprotective tests with I-131 (1.85 MBq/mL). CO: Control; 1x104 cells per well, incubated for 24 and 48 hours, n = 3, Tukey test.*Statistically significant result compared to Control;# Statistically significant result compared to treatment with I-131; & Statistically significant result compared to treatment with the same juice concentration, without I-131.
Figure 2 in Cytotoxicity of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in tumor and non-tumor human cells and radioprotection by integral juices of Vitis labrusca L.
Figure 2. Mean absorbance and standard deviation of HepG2/C3A cells treated with conventional and organic grape juices, exposed or not to UV-C irradiation (10 and 20 µL/mL), treated alone or in cytoprotective tests with I-131 (1.85 MBq/mL). CO: Control; 1x104 cells per well, incubated for 24 and 48 hours, n = 3, Tukey test. *Statistically significant result compared to Control; #Statistically significant result compared to treatment with I-131; &Statistically significant result compared to treatment with the same juice concentration, without I-131.
Figure 1 in Cytotoxicity of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in tumor and non-tumor human cells and radioprotection by integral juices of Vitis labrusca L.
Figure 1. Mean absorbance and standard deviation of HepG2/ C3A (A) and MRC-5 (B) cells treated with I-131. CO: Control; 1x104 cells per well, incubated for 24 and 48 hours, n = 3. *Statistically significant result compared to Control (p <0.05, Dunnett's test).
Figure 1 in Quantum yield, chlorophyll, and cell damage in yellow passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water and potassium
Figure 1. Data of precipitation, maximum and minimum air temperatures, and relative humidity of air observed during the experimental period.
Figure 3 in Quantum yield, chlorophyll, and cell damage in yellow passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water and potassium
Figure 3. Electrolyte leakage - % IEL (A) and relative water content - RWC (B) of yellow passion fruit plants 'BRS GA1' as a function of the interaction between the use of brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium doses at 445 and 360 days after transplanting, respectively. Vertical bars represent the standard error of mean (n = 4). Means followed by the same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference between management strategies by the Scott-Knott test (p≤0.05) for the same potassium dose, and the same uppercase letters indicate no significant difference between potassium doses by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) for the same strategy. For details of BWIS see Table 4.
Figure 7 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate
Figure 7. In-vivo Gene Expression Analysis: (A) represents apoptotic markers; BAX and Caspase-3, expression in treated nanostructured lipid carriers (T-NLC), treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate (C-I-BMSCs-L) and NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L) groups as compared to normal (N) and carrageenan injected injury (C) groups (B) shows proinflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-8) expression levels in treated C-I-BMSCs-L and treated C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L groups as compared to N and C groups (C) shows Proliferative markers (Ki-67, PCNA and TOP2A) expression in treated C-I-BMSCs-L and treated C-INLC-BMSCs-L group as compared to N and C groups. Whereas N-NS represents normal rats injected with normal saline, C-NS represents carrageenan-injected normal saline, C-I-DFS represents carrageenan-injected diclofenac sodium. Where; the* sign shows significance between untreated and treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between carrageenan injury and other treatment groups. Where, ns is non-significant, * & α represents P<0.05, ** & ss represents P<0.001, *** & αss represents P<0.0001.
Figure 6 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate
Figure 6. Percentage inhibition of inflammation at a time interval (hr) in carrageenan-induced rat's hind paw oedema model. The effect of different treatment groups, i.e., normal (N), normal rat paw injected with normal saline (N-NS), carrageenan injected group (C), carrageenan injected with normal saline group (C-NS), carrageenan injected with diclofenac sodium group (C-I-DFS), carrageenan injected with nanostructured lipid carriers group (C-I-NLC), carrageenan injected with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate group (C-I-BMSCs-L) and Carrageenan injected with NLC loaded BMSCs lysate group (C-I-NLC-BMSCs-L); on hind paw oedema at different hours (0, 1 2, 3, 6 & 24 hours). Where; the* sign shows significance between normal and carrageenan-induced treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between carrageenan injected and carrageenaninduced treatment groups. Where; ns is non-significant, ** & ss denotes P<0.001, *** & αss denotes P<0.0001.
Figure 4 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate
Figure 4. (A) Expression analysis of angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via immunocytochemistry; (B) Expression analysis of apoptotic marker p53 via immunocytochemistry; (C) Expression analysis of apoptotic marker p53 via immunocytochemistry. Where: Untreated (UT), H 2 O 2 injury (I-H 2 O 2), treated NLC (T-NLC), treated BMSCs lysate (T-BMSCs-L), and treated NLC loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (T-NLC-BMSCs-L). Stained cells are red, and blue denotes the nuclei counterstained with 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI,) while arrows show the positive cells expressing the protein. Scale bar: 200µm.
Figure 2 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate
Figure 2. Represents cytotoxicity analysis/percentage cell viability and standardized viability concentration (SVC) values of different treatment groups on NIH 3T3 Cells (A) Represents the percentage of NIH 3T3 cells viability treated with different concentrations of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (BMSCs-L), and NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (NLC-BMSCs-L). N represents % age viability of normal cells that receive no treatment and no H 2O2 injury; (B) Cytotoxicity analysis of various concentrations (500µg/µL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, and 3mg/mL) of BMSCs lysate (C) SVC of BMSCslysate on NIH 3T3 cells; (D) Cytotoxicity analysis of various concentrations (500µg/µL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, and 3mg/mL) of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate (E) shows SVC of NLC loaded BMSCs lysate on cells. Where; ***P<0.0001, *shows significance between untreated and treated groups while α and ss sign shows significance between H 2O2 injury and other treatment groups, αss shows P<0.0001, and ns is non-significant.
Figure 1 in Inflammation reduction potential of nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulated with rat's bone marrow cells' lysate
Figure 1. (A) Scanning Electron Micrograph of NLC and (B) Scanning Electron Micrograph of NLC-BMSCs-L; (B) Characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) lysate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA):vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in NLC, BMSCs-L, and NLC loaded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells lysate (NLC-BMSCs-L).Where; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.0001, ns is non-significant.
3D data snapshot from a radiative particle-in-cell simulation of plasma turbulence
<p>A full 3D data snapshot of plasma turbulence as simulated by the Runko particle-in-cell code. The data is visualized in Fig. 3 of Nättilä 2024. The simulation models the magnetized corona around black-hole accretion flows.</p> <p>The dataset includes the simulation snapshot (flds_2500.h5) and the corresponding runko configuration file (x16.ini). The turbulence is excited with a Langevin antenna and has a guide field along the z-axis. See the paper for other physical and technical details.</p> <p>The flds_2500.h5 HDF5 file includes 10 datasets with a 640^3 resolution:</p> <ul> <li>ex, ey, ez for electric field x, y, and z components</li> <li>bx, by, bz for magnetic field components</li> <li>jx, jy, jz for current density components</li> <li>rho for plasma density</li> </ul>
Toward liquid cell quantum sensing: Ytterbium complexes with ultra-narrow absorption
<p>The energetic disorder induced by fluctuating liquid environments acts in opposition to the precise control required for coherence-based sensing. Overcoming fluctuations requires a protected quantum subspace that only weakly interacts with the local environment. We reported a ytterbium complex that exhibited an ultra-narrow absorption linewidth in solution at room temperature with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.625 meV. Using spectral hole-burning, we measured an even narrower linewidth of 410 peV at 77 K. Narrow linewidths allowed low-field magnetic circular dichroism at room temperature, used to sense Earth-scale magnetic fields. These results demonstrated that ligand protection in lanthanide complexes could significantly diminish electronic state fluctuations. We termed this system an 'atom-like molecular sensor' (ALMS) and proposed approaches to improve its performance.</p>
◂Fig. 5 Gametogenesis in male and female Veneriserva pygoclava. A–D Semi-thin histological sections of female Veneriserva pygoclava, stained with toluidine blue. A Cross-section of a female Veneriserva. B Close-up of large mature oocytes without discernible nurse cells. C Developing oocytes attached to mesenteries (mes), and oogonia proliferating from the ventral side of the dorsal blood vessel (bv). D Details of vitellogenic oocytes and nurse cells. Arrowheads indicate brownstained yolk platelets and yolk bodies. E Live sperm cells captured in a light micrograph. F–G Cross-sections of male Veneriserva. Note the absence of a gut in the cross-sections. Abbreviations—ac acicula, acr acrosome, bv blood vessel, coe coelomic cavity, mes mesentery, nc nurse cell, nn nurse cell nucleus, nu sperm cell nucleus, Oo oocyte, on oocyte nucleus, sp spermatogonia, vnc ventral nerve cord in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)
◂Fig. 5 Gametogenesis in male and female Veneriserva pygoclava. A–D Semi-thin histological sections of female Veneriserva pygoclava, stained with toluidine blue. A Cross-section of a female Veneriserva. B Close-up of large mature oocytes without discernible nurse cells. C Developing oocytes attached to mesenteries (mes), and oogonia proliferating from the ventral side of the dorsal blood vessel (bv). D Details of vitellogenic oocytes and nurse cells. Arrowheads indicate brownstained yolk platelets and yolk bodies. E Live sperm cells captured in a light micrograph. F–G Cross-sections of male Veneriserva. Note the absence of a gut in the cross-sections. Abbreviations—ac acicula, acr acrosome, bv blood vessel, coe coelomic cavity, mes mesentery, nc nurse cell, nn nurse cell nucleus, nu sperm cell nucleus, Oo oocyte, on oocyte nucleus, sp spermatogonia, vnc ventral nerve cord
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.