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2,107 results for “margin;”
Data from: Candidate gene SNP variation in floodplain populations of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) near the species' southern range margin: weak differentiation yet distinct associations with water availability
<p>Populations residing near species' low-latitude range margins (LLM) often occur in warmer and drier environments than those in the core range. Thus, their genetic composition could be shaped by climatic drivers that differ from those occurring at higher latitudes, resulting in potentially adaptive variants of conservation value. Such variants could facilitate the adaptation of populations from other portions of the geographic range to similar future conditions anticipated under ongoing climate change. However, very few studies have assessed standing genetic variation at potentially adaptive loci in natural LLM populations. We investigated standing genetic variation at SNPs located within 117 candidate genes and its links to putative climatic selection pressures across 19 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) populations distributed along a regional climatic gradient near the species' southern range margin in southeastern Europe. These populations are restricted to floodplain forests along large lowland rivers, whose hydric regime is undergoing significant shifts under modern rapid climate change. The populations showed very weak geographic structure, suggesting extensive genetic connectivity and gene flow or shared ancestry. We identified eight (6.2%) positive FST-outlier loci, and genotype-environment association analyses revealed consistent associations between SNP allele frequencies and several climatic variables linked to water availability. A total of 61 associations involving 37 SNPs (28.5%) from 35 annotated genes provided important insights into putative functional mechanisms in our system. Our findings provide empirical support for the role of LLM populations as sources of potentially adaptive variation that could enhance species' resilience to climate change-related pressures.</p>
The Late Triassic Longmenshan lateral foreland thrust belt: New insights into the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Tibetian margin
<p>Calcite U-Pb Dating Report.xls:This file displays the calcite U-Pb dating results with errors of thirteen sample. Due to low U concentrations within most samples, only two (CV1 and CV2-1) yielded meaningful U-Pb ages.</p> <p>Occurrence of foliations measured within the Songpan-Ganze terrane.xlsx: This file displays the occurrences of foliations measured within the Songpan-Ganze terrane. Three profiles were measured to study the dip direction of nearly vertical strata (S<sub>0</sub>) and the axial planes of the folds (S<sub>1</sub>).</p>
The Marginal Latin (LaM) readings of 2 Samuel - all the cases collected
<p>Collected textual cases for my SBL 2020 paper "The Marginal Latin (LaM) readings of 2 Samuel".</p>
Fig. 2. Halichoanolaimus ovalis Ditlevsen, 1921 A in New and known Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 species (Nematoda: Selachinematidae) from New Zealand's continental margin
Fig. 2. Halichoanolaimus ovalis Ditlevsen, 1921 A. Entire ♂. B. Entire ♀. Scale bar: 200 µm.
Leaf margins in a deciduous lineage from the Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions
<p>Premise of the study: The functional significance of leaf margins has long been debated. In this study we explore influences of climate, leaf lobing, woodiness, and shared evolutionary history on two leaf margin traits within the genus Pelargonium.</p> <p>Methods: Leaves from 454 populations of Pelargonium (161 species) were collected in the Greater Cape Floristic Region and scored for tooth presence/absence and degree of lobing. Tooth density (number of teeth per interior perimeter distance) was measured for a subset of these. We compared five hypotheses to explain tooth presence and density using mixed effect models.</p> <p>Key results: Tooth presence/absence was best predicted by the interaction of leaf lobing and mean annual temperature (MAT), but often in patterns opposite to the previous literature: species were more likely to be toothed with warmer temperatures. This was particularly the case for unlobed and highly lobed leaves. In contrast, tooth density was best predicted by the interaction of MAT and the season of most rain; density declines with temperature as consistent with expectations, but only in winter- rain dominated areas. Woody and non-woody species within Pelargonium both have similar associations between tooth presence/absence and MAT, contrary to the expectation that patterns within non-woody species would be insignificant.</p> <p>Conclusions: We conclude Pelargonium leaf margins show predictable responses to climate, but these responses are complex and can contradict those found for global patterns across plant communities.</p>
Measurement report: quantifying source contribution of fossil fuels and biomass-burning black carbon aerosol in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
<p>Anthropogenic emissions of Black carbon (BC) aerosol are transported from Southeast Asia to the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the pre-monsoon; however, the quantities of BC from different anthropogenic sources and the transport mechanisms are still not well constrained because there have been no high-time-resolution BC source apportionments. Intensive measurements were taken in a transport channel for pollutants from Southeast Asia to the southeastern margin of TP during the pre-monsoon to investigate the influences of fossil fuels and biomass burning on BC. A receptor model coupled multi-wavelength absorption with aerosol species concentrations was used to retrieve site-specific Ångström exponents (AAE) and mass absorption cross-sections (MAC) for BC. An ‘aethalometer model’ that used those values showed that biomass burning had a larger contribution to BC mass than fossil fuels (BCbiomass = 57% versus BCfossil = 43%). The potential source contribution function indicated that BCbiomass was transported to the site from northeastern India and northern Burma, The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated that 40% of BCbiomass originated from Southeast Asia, while the high BCfossil was transported from the southwest of sampling site. A radiative transfer model indicated that the average atmospheric direct radiative effects (DRE) of BC was +4.6 ± 2.4 W m<sup>-2</sup> with +2.5 ± 1.8 W m<sup>-2</sup> from BCbiomass and +2.1 ± 0.9 W m<sup>-2</sup> from BCfossil. The DRE of BCbiomass and BCfossil produced heating rates of 0.07 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 K day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This study provides insights into sources of BC over a transport channel to the southeastern TP and the influence of the cross-border transportation of biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia during the pre-monsoon.</p>
Late Ordovician brachiopods from east-central Alaska, northwestern margin of Laurentia
<p>A Late Ordovician brachiopod fauna from the Black River quadrangle (D-1 1:63,360 scale) of east-central Alaska comprises taxa typical of the Late Ordovician brachiopod fauna in the pericratonic epeiric seas of Laurentia, including Hesperorthis pyramidalis, Plaesiomys occidentalis, Eoplectodonta sp., Holtehdalina sp., Leptaena sp., Brevilamnulella minuta n. sp., Tcherskidium tenuicostatum n. sp., Rhynchotrema iowense, and Whitfieldella sp. The presence of Plaesiomys occidentalis and Tcherskidium tenuicostata n. sp. indicates a latest Katian age by correlation with similar species in the Mackenzie Mountains, southern Manitoba, Anticosti Island, the American mid-continent, Kolyma, and Siberia. Cluster analysis based on 20 well-studied late Katian brachiopod faunas from various regions within Laurentia and elsewhere in other tectonic plates suggests that the small brachiopod faunule from Alaska has the strongest paleobiogeographic affinity with Laurentia, confirming that the Black River quadrangle of Alaska was part of Laurentia during the Late Ordovician.</p>
Data from: Combining experimental evolution and genomics to understand how seed beetles adapt to a marginal host plant
<p>Genes that affect adaptive traits have been identified, but our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation in a more general sense (across multiple traits) remains limited. We combined population-genomic analyses of evolve and resequence experiments, genome-wide association mapping of performance traits, and analyses of gene expression to fill this knowledge gap, and shed light on the genomics of adaptation to a marginal host (lentil) by the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>. Using population-genomic approaches, we detected modest parallelism in allele frequency change across replicate lines during adaptation to lentil. Mapping populations derived from each lentil-adapted line revealed a polygenic basis for two host-specific performance traits (weight and development time), which had low to modest heritabilities. We found less evidence of parallelism in genotype-phenotype associations across these lines than in allele frequency changes during the experiments. Differential gene expression caused by differences in recent evolutionary history exceeded that caused by immediate rearing host. Together, the three genomic data sets suggest that genes affecting traits other than weight and development time are likely to be the main causes of parallel evolution, and that detoxification genes (especially cytochrome P450s and beta-glucosidase) could be especially important for colonization of lentil by <em>C. maculatus</em>.</p>
Adaptation to drought is coupled with slow growth, but independent from phenology in marginal silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations
Drought is one of the most important selection pressures for forest trees in the context of climate change. Yet, the different evolutionary mechanisms, and their environmental drivers, by which certain populations become more drought tolerant than others is still little understood. We studied adaptation to drought in 16 silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) populations from the French Mediterranean Alps by combining observations on seedlings from a large scale greenhouse experiment (N=8199) and on adult tress in situ (N=315). In the greenhouse, we followed half-sib families for four growing seasons for growth traits and bud break phenology, and tested their water stress response in a "drought until death" experiment. Adult trees in the field were assessed for δ<sup>13</sup>C, a proxy for water use efficiency and genotyped at 357 SNP loci. SNP data was used to generate a null expectation for trait divergence between populations to detect the signature of selection, and 31 environmental variables to identify the selective environment. We found that seedlings originating from populations with low soil water capacity grew more slowly, attained a smaller stature, and resisted the water stress treatment for a longer period of time in the greenhouse. Additionally, adult trees of these populations exhibited a higher water use efficiency as evidenced by δ<sup>13</sup>C. These results suggest a correlated evolution of the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Population divergence in bud break phenology was adaptive only in the second growing season, and evolved independently from the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Adaptive divergence in bud break phenology was principally driven by the inter- and intra-annual variation in temperature at the geographic origin of the population. Our results illustrate the different evolutionary strategies used by populations to cope with drought stress at the range limits across a highly heterogeneous landscape, and can be used to inform assisted migration programs.
Figure 39. - Leucotrichiasarita Ross, 1944 (INHS22339). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 39. - Leucotrichiasarita Ross, 1944 (INHS22339). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 40. - Leucotrichiasidneyi sp. n. (UMSP000140465). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 40. - Leucotrichiasidneyi sp. n. (UMSP000140465). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 38. - Leucotrichiariostoumae sp. n. (UMSP000140832). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 38. - Leucotrichiariostoumae sp. n. (UMSP000140832). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 37. - Leucotrichiarhomba sp. n. (UMSP000201350). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 37. - Leucotrichiarhomba sp. n. (UMSP000201350). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 41. - Leucotrichiatapantia sp. n. (UMSP000201359). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 41. - Leucotrichiatapantia sp. n. (UMSP000201359). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 36. - Leucotrichiarepanda sp. n. (UMSP000201685). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 36. - Leucotrichiarepanda sp. n. (UMSP000201685). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 33. - Leucotrichiapectinata sp. n. (UMSP000140619). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 33. - Leucotrichiapectinata sp. n. (UMSP000140619). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 34. - Leucotrichiapictipes (Banks, 1911) (MCZ11597). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched): B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 34. - Leucotrichiapictipes (Banks, 1911) (MCZ11597). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched): B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 44. - Leucotrichiatubifex Flint, 1964 (USNM66885). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 44. - Leucotrichiatubifex Flint, 1964 (USNM66885). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 35. - Leucotrichiaprocera sp. n. (UMSP000047406). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 35. - Leucotrichiaprocera sp. n. (UMSP000047406). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 28. - Leucotrichialaposka Oláh & Johanson, 2011 (NHRSKAJO000000328). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
Figure 28. - Leucotrichialaposka Oláh & Johanson, 2011 (NHRSKAJO000000328). Male genitalia: A segments IX–X, lateral (base of phallus crosshatched) B segments VII–VIII and segment IX margin, lateral C segments IX–X, dorsal D segments VII–IX, ventral E phallus, lateral F phallus, dorsal.
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