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FIGURE 18 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 18. Illustration of aedeagus of adult male Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n.; A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 17 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 17. Aedeagus of adult male Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n.; A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 16 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 16. Gonostylus of Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n.; A) lateral view demonstrating dorsal process and B) inner surface demonstrating sclerotized ridge with trifid process.
FIGURE 15. Male Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 15. Male Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n. terminalia; A) lateral view, B) ventral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 8 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 8. Gonostylus of Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) lateral view demonstrating ventral-angular projection and dorsal process and B) inner surface demonstrating sclerotized ridge with tubercles and spinose apex.
FIGURE 13. Adult Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 13. Adult Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n.; A) head and pronotum frontal view, B) head, pronotum, and mesonotum dorsal view, and C) head, pronotum, and mesonotum lateral view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Adult habitus Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 4. Adult habitus Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) female body lateral view, B) dorsal view, C) male body lateral view, and D) dorsal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 7. Male Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 7. Male Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n. terminalia; A) lateral view, B) ventral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 9 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 9. Aedeagus of adult male Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 5. Adult Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 5. Adult Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) head and pronotum frontal view, B) head, pronotum, and mesonotum dorsal view, and C) head, pronotum, and mesonotum lateral view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 11. Female genitalia of Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) pregenital plate ventral view and B) first gonapophysis of ovipositor.
FIGURE 10 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 10. Illustration of aedeagus of adult male Tico gen. n. emmettcarri sp. n.; A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 12. Adult habitus Tico gen. n in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 12. Adult habitus Tico gen. n. pseudosororius sp. n.; A) lateral view and B) dorsal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 3. Cenchrea exquiseta; A) lateral view, B) gonostylus lateral view, C), aedeagus right lateral view, D) aedeagus dorsal view, E) male terminalia lateral view, and F) male terminalia ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 2. Cenchrea dorsalis; A) lateral view, B) gonostylus lateral view, C) aedeagus right lateral view, D) aedeagus dorsal view, E) male terminalia lateral view, and F) male terminalia ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 1. Host plant and general habitat where specimens were collected; all collected from underside of leaves.
Data from: Genetic structure across broad spatial and temporal scales: Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus; Anura: Ascaphidae) in the inland temperate rainforest
Contemporary and historical processes interact to structure genetic variation, however discerning between these can be difficult. Here, we analyze range-wide variation at 13 microsatellite loci in 2098 Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, collected from 117 streams across the species distribution in the Inland Northwest (INW) and interpret that variation in light of historical phylogeography, contemporary landscape genetics, and the reconstructed paleodistribution of the species. Further, we project species distribution models (SDMs) to predict future changes in the range as a function of changing climate. Genetic structure has a strong spatial signature that is precisely congruent with a deep (~1.8 MY) phylogeographic split in mtDNA when we partition populations into 2 clusters (K = 2), and is congruent with refugia areas inferred from our paleorange reconstructions. There is a hierarchical pattern of geographic structure as we permit additional clusters, with populations clustering following mountain ranges. Nevertheless, genetic diversity is the highest in populations at the center of the range and is attenuated in populations closer to the range edges. Similarly, geographic distance is the single best predictor of pairwise genetic differentiation, but connectivity also is an important predictor. At intermediate and local geographic scales, deviations from isolation-by-distance are more apparent, at least in the northern portion of the distribution. These results indicate that both historical and landscape factors are contributing to the genetic structure and diversity of tailed frogs in the Inland Northwest.
Data from: Comparative multi-locus phylogeography confirms multiple vicariance events in co-distributed rainforest frogs
Though Pleistocene refugia are frequently cited as drivers of species diversification, comparisons of molecular divergence among sister species typically indicate a continuum of divergence times from the late Miocene, rather than a clear pulse of speciation events at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Community-scale inference methods that explicitly test for multiple vicariance events, and account for differences in ancestral effective population size and gene flow, are well suited for detecting heterogeneity of species' responses to past climate fluctuations. We apply this approach to multi-locus sequence data from five co-distributed frog species endemic to the Wet Tropics rainforests of Northeast Australia. Our results demonstrate at least two episodes of vicariance due to climate-driven forest contractions: one in the early Pleistocene and the other considerably older. Understanding how repeated cycles of rainforest contraction and expansion differentially affected lineage divergence among co-distributed species provides a framework for identifying evolutionary processes that underlie population divergence and speciation.
Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
Summary: Quantifying nutritional dynamics of free-living saprotrophs and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in the field is challenging, but the stoichiometry of fruiting bodies (sporocarps) may be an effective methodology for this purpose. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soils, foliage and 146 sporocarp collections were analyzed from 14 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii stands across a podzolization gradient on Vancouver Island (Canada). N and P concentrations were considerably higher in saprotrophic fungi. Fungal N% increased with soil N content at a greater rate for saprotrophs than EMF, while fungal P% of saprotrophs was more constrained. Fungal N:P was more responsive to soil N:P for EMF (homeostatic regulation coefficient 'H' =2.9) than saprotrophs (H= 5.9), while N:P of EMF and host tree foliage scaled almost identically. Results underscore the role of EMF as nutrient conduits, supporting host trees, whereas saprotrophs maintain a greater degree of nutritional homeostasis. Site nutrient constraints were shared in equal measure between EMF and host trees, particularly for P, suggesting neither partner benefits from enhanced nutrition at the expense of the other. Sporocarp stoichiometry provides new insights into mycorrhizal relationships and illustrates pervasive P deficiencies across temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
Data from: Testing alternative hypotheses for evolutionary diversification in an African songbird: rainforest refugia versus ecological gradients
Geographic isolation in rainforest refugia and local adaptation to ecological gradients may both be important drivers of evolutionary diversification. However, their relative importance and the underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood because few empirical studies address both putative processes in a single system. A key question is to what extent is divergence in signals that are important in mate and species recognition driven by isolation in rainforest refugia or by divergent selection across ecological gradients? We studied the little greenbul, Andropadus virens, an African songbird, in Cameroon and Uganda, to determine whether refugial isolation or ecological gradients better explain existing song variation. We then tested whether song variation attributable to refugial or ecological divergence was biologically meaningful using reciprocal playback experiments to territorial males. We found that much of the existing song variation can be explained by both geographic isolation and ecological gradients, but that divergence across the gradient, and not geographic isolation, affects male response levels. These data suggest that ecologically divergent traits, independent of historical isolation during glacial cycles, can promote reproductive isolation. Our study provides further support for the importance of ecology in explaining patterns of evolutionary diversification in ecologically diverse regions of the planet.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.