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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2012View details →

Fig. 14 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 14. Closeup photos of the left lacrimal of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/ 1844) in left lateral (A) and medial (B) views. A, pneumatic region where anterior and dorsal processes meet; B, anterior end of anterior process. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 12.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2012View details →

Fig. 25 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 25. Right palatine of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), anterior (D), and ventral (E) views. Scale bar 5 3 cm. Abbreviations: ap, anterior projection of vomeropterygoid process; appter, articular surface for anterior process of pterygoid;

Dietary availability determines metabolic conversion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in spiders: a dual compound-specific stable isotope approach

The following dataset contains fatty acid contents (in mg.g-1 and in %), stable isotopes (‰), and compound specific isotopic analyses of carbon and hydrogen (‰) data for insects (terrestrial and semi-aquatic) and spiders collected around Lake Lunz (47°85'N, 15°05'E), Austria from June to September 2020. Measurements were done after storage at -80°C for 2 hours, and freeze drying (24h), followed by taxonomic identification. Analytical details can be found in "Dietary availability determines metabolic conversion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in spiders: a dual compound-specific stable isotope approach" by Mathieu-Resuge, Margaux; Pilecky, Matthias; Twining, Cornelia; Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik; Parmar, Tarn-Preet; Vitecek, Simon; Kainz, Martin. Oikos (2021), DOI: 10.1111/oik.08513

Data set for: Long-term Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure alters anxiety-like behaviour but not boldness in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is an organic pollutant that is commonly detected in wildlife, humans, and the environment. PFOS can cause a variety of toxic effects in zebrafish, however, the impact on complex behaviours like boldness and anxiety-like behaviour is unknown. To investigate the behavioural effects of PFOS in zebrafish, we exposed adult zebrafish to either 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/L PFOS for 40 days. After 20- and 40-days anxiety-like behaviour and boldness were assessed using the novel approach test and novel tank dive test, respectively. After 40- day exposure at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L, PFOS caused a significant increase in time spent in the upper zone and a significant decrease in time spent in the bottom zone of the novel tank dive test, suggesting decreased anxiety-like behaviour compared to controls. Neither 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L had an impact on zebrafish boldness at any time point. Exposure to 1.0 mg/L PFOS significantly decreased locomotion in the novel tank dive test after 20 days, whereas after 40 days there was no impact of PFOS on locomotion at any concentration, indicating potential short-term influences on locomotion. These results suggest chronic PFOS exposure can modulate anxiety-like behaviour, while exploratory activity and locomotion are not altered.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Benchmarking datasets used in the manuscript "VeChat: Correcting errors in noisy long reads using variation graphs"

This is the raw long-read sequencing data used for benchmarking experiments in the manuscript "VeChat: Correcting errors in noisy long reads using variation graphs". The name of the dataset is labeled as : simulated/real; ecoli/metagenome; ploidy/name; pacbio/ont; sequencing error rate; average sequencing coverage per haplotype.

Data from: Tolerability and efficacy of long-term medical therapy in primary aldosteronism

Introduction: Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have increased cardiovascular risk and studies have found that medical therapy fails to ameliorate this. This may be due to side effects and limited efficacy of medications at tolerable doses. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 201 patients with PA treated with medical therapy (spironolactone, eplerenone or amiloride) for PA from 2000-2020 at two tertiary centres. Patients were assessed for efficacy to achieve clinical and biochemical control, and for side effects. Results: 53.7% of patients achieved blood pressure <140/90mmHg, 44.6% achieved potassium ≥4.3mmol/L, 63.2% achieved renin >1ng/ml/hr, and only 24.6% achieved all three. Concordance of biochemical control using potassium and renin levels was 49%. 45.3% of patients experienced side effects, with 8.5% switching to another medication, 18.9% decreasing dose, and 10.0% stopping medications altogether. Risk factors for side effects were spironolactone use, dose ≥50mg, duration of treatment ≥1year, male gender and unilateral PA. Patients with unilateral PA, compared to bilateral PA, used higher median doses of spironolactone, 75mg vs 50mg, P<0.001, but more had persistent hypokalemia, 20.5% vs 6.4%, P=0.007. 44 patients with unilateral PA underwent surgery after initial medical therapy, which further improved systolic and diastolic BP, from 142 to 134mmHg, P<0.001, and from 85 to 79mmHg, P<0.001, respectively. Conclusion: Dose-dependent side effects limit the efficacy of medical therapy in PA. Future prospective studies should assess the best monitoring strategy for biochemical control during long-term medical therapy. In patients with unilateral PA, surgery remains a better option compared to life-long medications.

Long-term litter removal rather than litter addition enhances ecosystem carbon sequestration in a temperate steppe

1. Global change can greatly affect plant productivity and subsequently litter input to soil, with potential impacts on soil carbon (C) fluxes. However, the effects of litter layer in mediating C cycling and budget at an ecosystem scale is still not clear. 2. As part of a long-term litter fall manipulation experiment in a temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau, this study was conducted to explore effects of litter removal and addition on ecosystem C budget and the associated mechanisms. 3. Overall, litter removal enhanced photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at soil surface by 31.0%, but litter addition reduced it by 26.5%. Litter removal decreased soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) content at the depth of 0-10 cm by 13.6%, but litter addition enhanced it by 14.1%. Litter removal increased legume abundance by 131.1%, whereas litter addition enhanced grass abundance by 30.7% but decreased forb abundance by 33.1%. Litter removal increased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) through enhancing PAR and legume abundance, whereas litter addition elevated GEP by changing plant community composition mediated by decreasing PAR and increasing SIN. Litter removal did not affect ecosystem respiration (ER), but litter addition stimulated ER by 14.9%. Therefore, while litter addition did not affect net ecosystem productivity (NEP), litter removal surprisingly enhanced NEP by 23.9% over the later 7 years. 4. Our findings highlight that more aboveground litter input derived from biomass production may not necessarily result in a larger ecosystem C sink in grasslands under global change scenarios in the future. On the contrary, proper litter removal may be an effective way to increase the ecosystem C sink in grassland management.

Figure 6 from: Tucker E, Sharkey M, Stoelb S (2012) A new species-group of Camptothlipsis (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from South Africa, with notes on the evolution of long mouthparts. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 59-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1909

Figure 6 - Camptothlipsis inertusursus a lateral habitus b lateral head c mesopleuron d dorsal habitus e dorsal thorax f propodeum g anterior head h mid tibial spines i first median tergite of metasoma.

Figure 4 from: Tucker E, Sharkey M, Stoelb S (2012) A new species-group of Camptothlipsis (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from South Africa, with notes on the evolution of long mouthparts. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 59-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1909

Figure 4 - Camptothlipsis lingualongis a lateral habitus b lateral head c mesopleuron d dorsal habitus e dorsal thorax f propodeum g anterior head h hind tibial spines i first median tergite of metasoma.

Figure 2 from: Tucker E, Sharkey M, Stoelb S (2012) A new species-group of Camptothlipsis (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from South Africa, with notes on the evolution of long mouthparts. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 59-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1909

Figure 2 - A partial maximum parsimony cladogram of the subfamily Agathidinae. Consistency (CI) and retention (RI) index values are given at bottom left; branch support values are posterior probabilities/bootstrap values.

Figure 5 from: Tucker E, Sharkey M, Stoelb S (2012) A new species-group of Camptothlipsis (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from South Africa, with notes on the evolution of long mouthparts. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 59-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1909

Figure 5 - Camptothlipsis aagota a lateral habitus b lateral head c mesopleuron d dorsal habitus e dorsal thorax f propodeum g anterior head h mid and hind tibial spines i first median tergite of metasoma.

Figure 1 from: Tucker E, Sharkey M, Stoelb S (2012) A new species-group of Camptothlipsis (Braconidae: Agathidinae) from South Africa, with notes on the evolution of long mouthparts. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 59-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1909

Figure 1 - Mouthparts of Camptothlipsis lingualongis, a member of the species-group Lingualongis (left) compared with the mouthparts of a representative of the rest of the genus (right).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Figure 3 from: Lewington R, Beveridge P, Renner M (2013) Lejeunea hodgsoniana, a newly described, long recognised Lejeunea (Jungermanniopsida, Lejeuneaceae) from lowland coastal forest habitats in New Zealand. PhytoKeys 29: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.5376

Figure 3 - Type locality. Above. Regenerating native coastal bush. Below. Trunk of Melicytus ramiflorus showing the extensive mats of Lejeunea hodgsoniana resulting from confluent growth.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Figure 2 from: Lewington R, Beveridge P, Renner M (2013) Lejeunea hodgsoniana, a newly described, long recognised Lejeunea (Jungermanniopsida, Lejeuneaceae) from lowland coastal forest habitats in New Zealand. PhytoKeys 29: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.5376

Figure 2 - Lejeunea hodgsoniana. A Shoot showing the underleaf with a deep narrow sinus and long narrow lobes, and well-developed lobules B Androecia C Spores D Stem cross-section E Seta cross-section F Apices of a sporophyte valve showing elaters and pseudoelaters G–I Leaf cells showing the variation in oil body density. (G stained).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Figure 1 from: Lewington R, Beveridge P, Renner M (2013) Lejeunea hodgsoniana, a newly described, long recognised Lejeunea (Jungermanniopsida, Lejeuneaceae) from lowland coastal forest habitats in New Zealand. PhytoKeys 29: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.29.5376

Figure 1 - Lejeunea hodgsoniana – Morphological features. A and B Well-developed lobule C–E Lobules showing the variety of forms from the same stem F Shoot with androecia G Stem cross-section H Inflated perianth with emergent sporophyte I Perianth before enlargement of the sporophyte showing the lateral and ventral carinae J Leading shoot showing a terminal gynoecium and a subfloral innovation. (All from type.) A–D: lobules scale bar 0.1 mm, E: four lobules, scale bar 0.1 m, F: scale bar 1mm, G: scale bar 25 µm, H–I: scale bar is 0.5 mm and J scale bar 1 mm.

Figures 3-4 from: Fikácek M, Angus R (2011) A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia). ZooKeys 130: 239-254. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378

Figures 3-4 - Helophorus sibiricus (Motschulsky, 1860), drawings of the early Miocene fossil No. PIN 3285/5 from Kartashevo 3 piece 4 counterpiece. Abbreviations: mp4 maxillary palpomere 4, clyp clypeus, fr frons, ics intercalary stria, mt mentum, scut mesoscutellum, aps anapleural sutures of mesothorax, mtv metaventrite, av1 abdominal ventrite 1.

Figures 1-2 from: Fikácek M, Angus R (2011) A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia). ZooKeys 130: 239-254. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378

Figures 1-2 - Helophorus sibiricus (Motschulsky, 1860), photo of the early Miocene fossil No. PIN 3285/5 from Kartashevo 1 piece 2 counterpiece.

Figures 5-9 from: Fikácek M, Angus R (2011) A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia). ZooKeys 130: 239-254. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378

Figures 5-9 - Helophorus sibiricus (Motschulsky, 1860) 5 habitus of a recent specimen (Mongolia, Baga-Tenger, coll. National Museum, Prague) 6–7 detail of mentum, the arrow indicates a characteristic emargination on the anterior margin of mentum (6 fossil specimen, SEM micrograph 7 recent specimen, view from inside) 8–9 detailgranulation of head and pronotum, SEM micrographs (8 recent specimen 9 fossil specimen).

Figure 10 from: Fikácek M, Angus R (2011) A long-living species of the hydrophiloid beetles: Helophorus sibiricus from the early Miocene deposits of Kartashevo (Siberia, Russia). ZooKeys 130: 239-254. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1378

Figure 10 - Fossil and recent distribution of Helophorus sibiricus (Motschulsky, 1860). Subfossil Holocene records omitted.

Figure 2 from: Ren D, Shih C, Yang X, Labandeira C (2011) A new long-proboscid genus of Pseudopolycentropodidae (Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China and its plant-host specializations. ZooKeys 130: 281-297. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1641

Figure 2 - A Head, proboscis, and associated mouthparts B Mouthpart detail enlarged from template in A, showing base of proboscis (Pr), the tips of both labial palps (LP) at white arrows, labrum (La), and compound eye region (CE) C Right antenna D Proboscis tip, observed through the wing membrane E Camera lucida drawing of head, proboscis and associated mouthparts in A using a variety of light sources and angles. Scale bars: stippled, 0.1 mm; striped, 1.0 mm.