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2,395 results for “Contrast”
Figure 9. Synchrotron radiation X in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 9. Synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography (A, B) and scanning electron microscopy (C–F) of gnathopods of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratypes, ♂♂, 11.3 mm (A, B) and 11.3 and 15.4 mm (C–F). A, lateral view of right gnathopod 2. B, medial view of right gnathopod 2. C, lateral view of less gnathopod 1. D, medial view of right gnathopod 1. E, lateral view of less gnathopod 2. F, medial view of right gnathopod 2. Abbreviations: a, gnathopod 1 lateral spine; b, gnathopod 1 medial spine; c, gnathopod 2 tip of dactyl. Scale bars: 200 µm.
Figure 10 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 10. Orchomenella rinamontiae. Holotype, ♀, 24.4 mm. Medial view of less gnathopod 2 (Gn2). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 8 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 8. Orchomenella rinamontiae. Holotype, ♀, 24.4 mm. Right maxilliped (Mxpd) and less inner plate (L inner pl). Scale bars: 0.1 mm for L inner pl; 0.5 mm for Mxpd.
Figure 7 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy of maxillipeds of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratypes, ♂♂, 15.4 and 16.8 mm. A, anterior/dorsal view. B, less dorsal view. C, dorsal view of outer and inner plates. D, higher magnification of the tip of the right outer plate. E, dorsal view of right palp. Scale bars: 200 µm in A–C; 20 µm in D; 100 µm in E.
Figure 1. Synchrotron radiation X in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 1. Synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratype, ♂, 11.3 mm. Volume renderings of lateral less view (A) and ventral view (B). Abbreviations: A1, antenna 1; A2, antenna 2; Gn1, gnathopod 1; Gn2, gnathopod 2. Scale bar: 4.0 mm.
Figure 5 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy of mandibles of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratypes, ♂♂, 15.4 and 16.8 mm. A, B, less palp in median view (A) and lateral view (B). C, D, less mandible in median view (C) and dorsal view (D). Abbreviations: i, incisor; l, lacinia mobilis; m, molar process. Scale bars: 200 µm in A, B; 50 µm in C; 40 µm in D.
Figure 4. Synchrotron radiation X in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratype, ♂, 11.3 mm. Volume renderings of the mouth in ventral view (A), higher magnification of the right mouthparts in ventral view (B), right mouthparts in median view (C), and mouth in dorsal view with the observation point inside the animal (D). Abbreviations: a, outer plate maxilliped; b, inner plate maxilliped; c, outer plate maxilla 2; d, inner plate maxilla 2; e, palp maxilla 1; f, outer plate maxilla 1; g, inner plate maxilla 1. Scale bars: 200 µm.
Figure 6 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopy of maxillae of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratypes, ♂♂, 15.4 and 16.8 mm. A, right maxilla 2 in median view. B, right maxilla 1 in median view. C, less maxilla 1 in median view. D, right maxilla 1 inner plate in median view. E, F, outer plates of right maxilla 1 (E) and less maxilla 1 (F) in median view. G, tip of maxillular palp. Scale bars: 100 µm in A–C; 40 µm in D–G.
Figure 3 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy of antenna 1 of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratype, ♂, 11.3 mm. Calceoli (white arrows) are present on each flagellar article. A–C, neighbouring calceoli are orientated the same on the proximal part of the flagellum (A, B) and rotated by ~90° on the distal part (C). D, a higher magnification of a lateral view of a calceolus. Abbreviation: a, callynophore. Scale bars: 100 µm in A; 20 µm in B, C; 10 µm in D.
Figure 2 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy of antenna 1 of Orchomenella rinamontiae. Paratype, ♂, 11.3 mm. Scale bar: 200 µm.
Dataset_Performance of different wheat varieties and their associated microbiome under contrasting tillage and fertilization intensities: Insights from a Swiss Long-Term Field Experiment
<p>Data collected in the frame of the<span> SolACE (</span><span><a href="https://www.solaceeu.net/"><span>https://www.solaceeu.net/</span></a></span><span>) project which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 727247 and the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation SERI under no. 17.00094. Data table includes all data reported in the manuscript entitled "</span></p> <p><span>Performance of different wheat varieties and their associated microbiome under contrasting tillage and fertilization intensities: Insights from a Swiss Long-Term Field Experiment</span>"</p> <p>and all additional data which had been collected during the field sampling campaign on additional agronomic, soil and microbial data, which were not analysed as part of the above mentioned manuscript. </p>
Elemental Contrast in Secondary Electron Energy Spectrum
<p>The following data is collected from a secondary electron energy spectrometer. These data are a part of the project which intended to investigate the secondary electron energy spectrum of metal and semiconductor materials </p>
Contrasting Crustal Signatures across the 2021 MS6.0 Luxian (China) Induced Earthquake Revealed by Dense Seismic and Magnetotelluric Data
<p>This is the main dataset supporting the 2021 Luxian (China) MS6.0 Earthquake paper</p> <p>MT folder contains MT data used in the inversion of the MT resistivity model and the final 3-D electrical resistivity model file (i.e., MT_resistivity.model)</p> <p>Seismic folder contains the continuous seismic waveforms (i.e., Continuous_seismic_waveforms.zip), the cross-correlation functions (i.e., Cross-correlation_Functions.zip), the final 3-D velocity model file (i.e., 3-D_VS_model.dat) and the our relocated earthquake catalogue (i.e., Relocated_earthquake_catalogue.dat)</p>
The genomic and epigenomic landscapes of hemizygous genes across crops with contrasting mating systems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code for "Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands"
<p>Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature’s contribution to people. The extent to<br>which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unknown. Using a coordinated distributed <br>experiment that simulated four-years of growing-season drought (~66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six grasslands <br>spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America - two of the Northern Hemisphere’s largest grass-dominated regions. Aboveground <br>plant production declined substantially with drought in the Eurasian grasslands and effects accumulated over time, while the declines were less severe and more <br>muted over time in the North American grasslands. Drought effects on species richness shifted from positive to negative in Eurasia, but from negative to positive <br>in North America over time. The differing responses of plant production in these grasslands were accompanied by less common (subordinate) plant species <br>declining in Eurasian grasslands but increasing in North American grasslands. Our findings demonstrate the high production sensitivity of Eurasian compared <br>to North American grasslands to extreme drought (43.6% vs. 25.2% reduction), and the key role of subordinate species in determining impacts of extreme drought on grassland productivity. </p>
Data from: Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests
Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rainforests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. We conducted a comprehensive mass-sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rainforest, including terra firme clay, white-sand, and seasonally-flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally-flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17.7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographic and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition.
Data from: Contrasting patterns of population structure and gene flow facilitate exploration of connectivity in two widely distributed temperate octocorals
Connectivity is an important component of metapopulation dynamics in marine systems and can influence population persistence, migration rates and conservation decisions associated with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). In this study, we compared the genetic diversity, gene flow and population structure of two octocoral species, Eunicella verrucosa and Alcyonium digitatum, in the northeast Atlantic (ranging from the northwest of Ireland and the southern North Sea, to southern Portugal), using two panels of 13 and 8 microsatellite loci, respectively. Our results identified regional genetic structure in E. verrucosa partitioned between populations from southern Portugal, northwest Ireland and Britain/France; subsequent hierarchical analysis of population structure also indicated reduced gene flow between southwest Britain and northwest France. However, over a similar geographical area, A. digitatum showed little evidence of population structure, suggesting high gene flow and/or a large effective population size; indeed, the only significant genetic differentiation detected in A. digitatum occurred between North Sea samples and those from the English Channel/northeast Atlantic. In both species the vast majority of gene flow originated from sample sites within regions, with populations in southwest Britain being the predominant source of contemporary exogenous genetic variants for the populations studied. Overall, historical patterns of gene flow appeared more complex, though again southwest Britain appeared to be an important source of genetic variation for both species. Our findings have major conservation implications, particularly for E. verrucosa, a protected species in UK waters and listed by the IUCN as 'Vulnerable', and for the designation and management of European MPAs.
Data from: Experimental dominant plant removal results in contrasting assembly for dominant and non‐dominant plants
Understanding why communities appear deterministically dominated by relatively few species is an age‐old debate in ecology. We hypothesised that the dominant and non‐dominant species in a community are governed by different assembly mechanisms where environmental conditions influence dominant species more than non‐dominant species. Further, dominant plants moderate the environment where non‐dominant species thrive, diminishing the influence of environmental filtering and increasing the influence of limiting similarity for non‐dominant species. We tested these hypotheses by removing two dominant species in five temperate meadows. We found that the composition of the non‐dominants diverged while the new dominants converged over time. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that habitat filtering and limiting similarity drove the new dominant species simultaneously. Conversely, non‐dominant community assembly appeared more unpredictable. These suggest that dominant species converged towards a predictable environmentally driven optimum, while non‐dominant species thrive in a moderated habitat, which probably reduced non‐dominant species predictability.
Contrasting sensitivity of nestling and fledgling Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica body mass to local weather conditions
<p>Local weather can influence the growth and development of young birds, either indirectly, by modifying prey availability, or directly, by affecting energetic trade‐offs. Such effects can have lasting implications for life history traits, but the nature of these effects may vary with the developmental stage of the birds, and over timescales from days to weeks. We examined the interactive effects of temperature, rainfall and wind speed on the mass of nestling and fledgling Barn Swallows <i>Hirundo rustica</i>, both on the day of capture and averaging weather across the time since hatching. At the daily timescale, nestling mass was negatively correlated with temperature, but the strength of this association depended on the level of rainfall and wind speed; nestlings were typically heavier on dry or windy days, and the negative effect of temperature was strongest under calm or wet conditions. At the early lifetime timescale (i.e. from hatching to post‐fledging), nestling mass was negatively correlated with temperature at low wind speed. Fledgling body mass was less sensitive to weather; the only weather effects evident were a negative correlation with temperature at the daily scale under high rainfall that became slightly positive under low rainfall. These changes are consistent with weather effects on availability and distribution of insects within the landscape (e.g. causing high concentrations of flying insects), and with the effects of weather variation on nest microclimate. These results together demonstrate the impacts of weather on chick growth, over immediate (daily) and longer term (nestling/fledgling lifetime) timescales. This shows that sensitivity to local weather conditions varies across the early lifetime of young birds (nestling‐fledgling stages) and illustrates the mechanisms by which larger scale (climate) variations influence the body condition of individuals.</p>
Data from: Divergence of gastropod life history in contrasting thermal environments in a geothermal lake
Experiments using natural populations have provided mixed support for thermal adaptation models, probably because the conditions are often confounded with additional environmental factors like seasonality. The contrasting geothermal environments within Lake Mývatn, northern Iceland, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate thermal adaptation models using closely located natural populations. We conducted laboratory common garden and field reciprocal transplant experiments to investigate how thermal origin influences the life history of Radix balthica snails originating from stable cold (6 °C), stable warm (23 °C) thermal environments or from areas with seasonal temperature variation. Supporting thermal optimality models, warm origin snails survived poorly at 6 °C in the common garden experiment and better than cold origin and seasonal snails in the warm habitat in the reciprocal transplant experiment. Contrary to thermal adaptation models, growth rate in both experiments was highest in the warm populations irrespective of temperature, indicating cogradient variation. The optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction were similar irrespective of origin, but cold origin snails always had the lowest performance, and seasonal origin snails often performed at an intermediate level compared to snails originating in either stable environment. Our results indicate that central life-history traits can differ in their mode of evolution, with survival following the predictions of thermal optimality models, whereas ecological constraints have shaped the evolution of growth rates in local populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.