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1,188 results for “Deltas”
Delta-X: Digital Elevation Model, MRD, LA, USA, 2021
This dataset provides an updated digital elevation model (DEM) for the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins in coastal Louisiana, USA. The DEM is updated from the Pre-Delta-X DEM and extended to the full Delta-X study area. This DEM was developed from multiple data sources, including sonar data collected during Pre-Delta-X and Delta-X campaigns, bathymetric data from the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority System-Wide Assessment and Monitoring System (CPRA SWAMP), and NOAA, and topography from the National Elevation Dataset and LiDAR from US Geological Survey (USGS). The provided data layers include the DEM, a binary water/land mask, data source flags, and eight layers with analysis weighting factors for each pixel. Elevation values are provided in meters with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The weighting factors indicate how each data source contributed to this multisource DEM. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF (CoG) format.
Delta-X: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Channel Surveys, MRD, Louisiana, 2021, V2
This dataset provides river discharge measurements collected at selected locations in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain in coastal Louisiana, USA. The measurements were made during the Delta-X 2021 field efforts from 2021-03-25 to 2021-04-11 (spring) and 2021-08-16 to 2021-09-25 (fall). Channel surveys were conducted with a Teledyne RiverPro acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) or a Sontek M9 RiverSurveyor ADCP on selected wide channels (>100 m wide) and a few selected narrow channels (approximately 10 m wide) near the Delta-X intensive study sites. River discharge was measured on cross-channel transects. Reported data include bathymetry, discharge (m3 s-1), and flow velocity.
Delta-X: Foliar Stable Isotopes, MRD, LA, USA, 2021
This dataset contains foliar tissue C and N bulk isotopic signatures (delta 13C, delta 15N) of dominant wetland herbaceous species collected at six sites in the Atchafalaya (N = 3) and Terrebonne (N = 3) basins in coastal Louisiana. Five of the sites are from the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) and one site is the Mike Island Site in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD). For the herbaceous wetland sites, Aboveground biomass (AGB) was harvested inside duplicate plots (0.25 m2), located 5 m apart at each sampling station. All plant material within each plot was clipped at soil level, stored in plastic bags, and transported to the laboratory for further analyses. In the lab, plant tissue (foliar) C and N bulk isotopic signatures were analyzed for two dominant plant species from each site using a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus CF-IRMS coupled to a Carlo-Erba 1108 elemental analyzer via a ConFlo IV interface (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The data were collected during 2021-08-19 to 2021-08-27 during the Delta-X Fall 2021 deployment.
ABoVE: Permafrost Measurements and Distribution Across the Y-K Delta, Alaska, 2016
This dataset provides field observations of thaw depth and dominant vegetation types, a LiDAR-derived elevation map, and permafrost distribution and probability maps for an area on the coastal plain of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), in western Alaska, USA. Field data were collected during July 8-17, 2016 to parameterize and to validate the derived permafrost maps. The YKD is in the sporadic to isolated permafrost zone where permafrost forms extensive elevated plateaus on abandoned floodplains. The region is extremely flat and vulnerable to eustatic sea-level rise and inland storm surges. These high-resolution permafrost maps support landscape change analyses and assessments of the impacts of climate change on permafrost in this region of high biological productivity, critical wildlife habitats, and subsistence-based human economy.
Delta-X: Island and Secondary Channel Model, MRD, LA, USA, 2022
This dataset includes model code and output for a model that simulates changes in islands and small water channels of river delta systems in response to dynamics of sediment deposit, erosion, and changing water levels. Simulations demonstrate developmental cycles of secondary channels and how sediment dynamics can allow islands to build land vertically to keep pace with rising sea levels rather than passively drowning. The model was applied to the Mississippi River Delta as part of NASA's Delta-X project. Simulations were run for other river deltas, including the Amazon, Brahmputra, Danube, Magdalena, Nile, Orinoco, Parana, Rhine-Meuse, and Rhone rivers. The model code is provided in text format for MATLAB software. Files demonstrating initial model conditions and outputs are provided in binary MATLAB as well as NetCDF version 4 format.
Delta-X: In situ Beam Attenuation and Particle Size from LISST-200X, 2021
This dataset provides in situ measurements of beam attenuation coefficient at 670 nm, average suspended particle size, particle size distribution, and water temperature in surface waters (~0.5 m) of the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana. The field studies were conducted in the Spring and Fall in support of the Delta-X mission and include measurements made in 2021 during March 25 - April 22 and August 14 - September 24. Measurements were made using the Sequoia Scientific Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometer instrument (LISST-200X) in multiple channels of varying width (from a few meters to >100m), near Delta-X intensive study sites and in open bays and lakes and at a few locations in the nearshore Gulf of Mexico. The data are provided in comma-separated (CSV) format.
Delta-X: Turbidity, Water and Air Pressure, Temperature, MRD, Louisiana, 2021, V4
This dataset provides turbidity measurements with co-located water and air pressure and temperature measurements in portions of the Mississippi River Delta, coastal Louisiana, US. Data were collected at five sites in Atchafalaya River Basin in Spring (2021-03-24 to 2021-04-02) and eight sites in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins in Fall 2021 (2021-08-16 to 2021-08-27). In order to sample various hydrodynamic conditions, sensors were deployed at island edges, island interior, and other portions of wetlands. Sensors recorded turbidity, absolute pressure, and temperature. The Delta-X mission is a 5-year NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 mission to study the Mississippi River Delta in the United States, which is growing and sinking in different areas. River deltas and their wetlands are drowning as a result of sea level rise and reduced sediment inputs. The Delta-X mission will determine which parts will survive and continue to grow, and which parts will be lost. Delta-X begins with airborne and in situ data acquisition and carries through data analysis, model integration, and validation to predict the extent and spatial patterns of future deltaic land loss or gain. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) files.
Delta-X: Sediment Core Grain Size Distribution, Wax Lake Delta, MRD, LA
This dataset provides grain size distribution measurements collected from sediment core samples on Mike Island in the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, as part of the Delta-X Spring campaign in March, 2021,and the Fall campaign during August, 2021. The data are for March 26 and 29, and August 18 and 24. Sediment cores were collected using a piston core, then volume-based grain size distribution for each sample was measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.
Delta-X: ANUGA Hydrodynamic Outputs, Atchafalaya and Terrebonne, MRD, USA
This dataset comprises the primary inputs and outputs from the ANUGA hydrodynamic model for spring 2021 (2021-03-20 to 2021-04-04). These dates align with the 2021 Delta-X Spring Campaign. Data cover the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta in southern Louisiana, USA. ANUGA is a 2D depth-integrated hydrodynamic model which uses the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to numerically solve the shallow water momentum and continuity equations for fluid flow in broad-scale geophysical systems. The inputs consist of a modified digital elevation (DEM) model, a spatial classification of the friction coefficient modified, and the model's unstructured grid with boundary condition locations. The model's outputs include two weeks of predictions of water levels and mean horizontal velocities at each mesh node at a 30-minute time step. Outputs are provided in NetCDF format, and inputs are provided in GeoTIFF and comma separated values (CSV) format. Also included are MP4 videos (*.mp4) that provide visual summaries of the outputs.
Pre-Delta-X: L1 UAVSAR Single Look Complex and Interferograms, MRD, LA, USA, 2016
This Level 1 (L1) dataset includes single look complex (SLC) stack products and co-registered interferograms in the HH (horizontal transmit and horizontal receive) polarization for the Atchafalaya Basin, in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain. The data were collected in October 2016 by Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft as part of the Pre-Delta-X campaign. A single study region, flight line "gulfco_12011", was sampled six times at approximately 30-minute intervals to monitor changing water levels. The SLC stack product is a standard UAVSAR product delivered by the UAVSAR processing team. The L1 interferograms were generated from the SLC stacks.
Pre-Delta-X: Spectral Reflectance of Water Surface, Atchafalaya Basin, LA, USA, 2016
This dataset provides measurements of in situ remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs; per steradian) of surface water across Atchafalaya Basin, southern coastal Louisiana, USA within Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain. The in situ spectral reflectance measurements were made during the Pre-Delta-X campaign in Fall 2016 (October 14 to 2). Hand-held spectrometer measurements were collected from a boat at 35 locations selected to represent a range of suspended sediment concentrations and properties from a variety of hydrodynamic and physical settings typically encountered across the Atchafalaya basin. These 35 spectral reflectance measurements were collected at 24 unique sites that coincide with measurements of total suspended solids (TSS). The data serves two main purposes, to ground-truth the remote-sensing reflectance derived from NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument, and to calibrate and validate algorithms for the retrieval of TSS from AVIRIS-NG.
Pre-Delta-X: Lidar-derived Water Level Profiles in the Wax Lake Outlet, LA, USA, 2016
This dataset contains lidar-derived water surface elevation profiles for river channels between Wax Lake, in the Atchafalaya River Basin of the Mississippi River Delta, and the Gulf of Mexico. The provided elevation profiles (i.e., water levels) were estimated using remotely sensed lidar data in combination with in situ field measurements of water levels for elevation calibration and to quantify uncertainty in estimates. The lidar data were collected during the Fall 2016 Pre-Delta-X Campaign using an Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) lidar instrument. The results are time-specific water levels measured as elevation in meters with respect to the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88) geoid (or orthometric height) and the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) ellipsoidal surface (or ellipsoidal/GPS height) along the water channels in this drainage system.
Delta-X: AVIRIS-NG L2 Surface Reflectance, MRD Louisiana, 2021
This dataset provides Level 2 (L2) atmospherically corrected surface reflectance data acquired from NASA's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) over regions of interest in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins on the southern coast of Louisiana, United States. Data were collected as part of the Delta-X Spring and Fall 2021 deployments that occurred from 2021-03-27 to 2021-04-06 and from 2021-08-18 to 2021-08-25. Additionally, L2 data from flights flown specifically to capture the Significant Event of Hurricane Ida are provided. This includes 56 files from flights conducted following Hurricane Ida from 2021-09-23 to 2021-09-25. Hurricane Ida made landfall over this region on 2021-08-29. AVIRIS-NG is a pushbroom spectral mapping system with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) designed for high performance imaging spectroscopy. AVIRIS-NG measures the wavelength range from 380 nm to 2510 nm with 5-nm sampling resolution. For this dataset, spatial resolution varies from 3.8-5.4 meters. For this campaign, the AVIRIS-NG instrument was deployed on the Dynamic Aviation King Air B200 platform. This dataset represents one part of a multisensor airborne sampling campaign conducted by different aircraft teams for the Delta-X Campaign. Data are provided in ENVI file format.
Delta-X: Soil Accretion Rates from Cs-137 Activity and NUMAR Validation, MRD, LA
This dataset holds measurements of Cesium-137 (137Cs) activity sampled from sites in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana, USA. Sediment cores were taken to validate modeled estimates of soil accretion rates. The NUMAR model was designed to predict soil properties and corresponding accretion rates in marsh environments. This study explored whether the probabilistic outcomes generated by the model align with accretion rates determined through field-based measurements using 137Cs activity. The model's probabilistic simulations were conducted for active and inactive basins, encompassing fresh, brackish, and saline sites. Aliquots of approximately 5-9 g of finely ground dry sediment were placed into vials of known geometry for direct gamma counting of 137Cs using high-purity Germanium (Ge) well detectors. The 137Cs dating technique is based on detecting the specific core section in which the radioactive isotope 137Cs peak activity occurs across a vertical soil profile. This peak corresponds to the peak fallout in 1963 deposited during the atmospheric nuclear testing and provides a timeline reference for estimating soil accumulation rates, sediment deposition, and marsh accretion. Therefore, to validate the NUMAR accretion results, 137Cs activity was measured at different core sections across a vertical soil profile to determine the peak corresponding to the peak fallout in 1963 due to atmospheric nuclear testing and estimate soil accretion rates. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.
Pre-Delta-X: Channel Bathymetry of the Atchafalaya Basin, LA, USA, 2016
This dataset provides water depths and water surface elevations collected during bathymetric surveys of the main channel of the Wax Lake Delta within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain of coastal Louisiana, USA. The measurements were made during the Pre-Delta-X Campaign in Fall 2016. The in situ continuous (1 Hz) surveys of channel bathymetry were conducted using a SonarMite Hydrolite Single Beam Echo Sounder mounted on the side of the research boat. The sounder was located directly beneath the Septentrio global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antenna, about 30 cm below the water surface. The sounder depth observations were integrated with the GNSS location and elevation data into one data file per day for October 16-20. These bathymetry measurements were used to generate a merged digital elevation model (DEM) through interpolation with ancillary DEMs to expand the existing wetland DEM to include channels. The merged DEM product is distributed in GeoTIFF format.
Delta-X AVIRIS-NG L3 Derived Vegetation Types, MRD, Louisiana, USA
This dataset provides maps of vegetation types for the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins in coastal Louisiana, U.S., derived from NASA's Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) imagery acquired during spring and fall of 2021 for the Delta-X campaign. Vegetation types were classified from Level-2B BRDF-adjusted surface reflectance. Local pixel reflectance spectra coincident with herbaceous vegetation field samples and vegetation plot data from Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring System were used to generate a machine learning-based model to classify vegetation types. This model was then applied to the AVIRIS-NG mosaic imagery to map vegetation types across the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins. The data are provided in cloud optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format.
Delta-X: Delft3D Broad-Scale Sediment Model, Atchafalaya Basin, MRD, Louisiana, USA
This dataset contains the Delft3D model of the Atchafalaya Basin along the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) in coastal Louisiana. Simulations cover the Delta-X Spring and Fall campaigns in 2021 and include hydrodynamics, waves, and sediment transport. Bottom friction was calibrated using AirSWOT water elevation data, while sediment parameters were calibrated using AVIRIS-NG Total Suspended Solids (TSS) data. All files required to run the simulations are included. Model output of water levels, velocity, and depth-averaged sediment concentration are provided for both campaigns as netCDF files. The dataset includes a netCDF file containing the annual inorganic mass accumulation rates derived from simulations.
Delta-X: Bed and Suspended Sediment Grain Size, MRD, LA, USA, 2019-2021, V3
This dataset includes sediment concentration and grain size distribution measurements from suspended and bed sediment samples collected in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins as part of the Delta-X Spring campaign between March 25 and April 2, 2021, and the Delta-X Fall campaign between August 17 and 22, 2021. In addition, ten samples were collected during a field campaign in October 2019. Samples were collected in the main channels and the interior of Mike Island in the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana and at site CRMS0421 inside the Terrebonne Basin. Sediment samples were collected from a boat using a Van Dorn sampler (for suspended sediment samples) or a Ponar bed sampler (for bed samples). Suspended sediment samples were collected from a boat drifting at approximately the same velocity as the water flow. One sample was collected per drift. Bed samples were collected in a similar fashion. Data include measurements of sediment grain size distribution, total sediment concentration, water temperature, flow velocity, salinity, and depth. This Version 3 updates Version 2 to include data from more samples and reprocessed laser diffraction grain size distributions with optimized sediment optical properties. The data is provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.
Delta-X: Feldspar Sediment Accretion Measurements, MRD, LA, USA, 2019-2023, Version 4
This dataset provides elevation, hydrogeomorphic zone classification, soil carbon content, bulk density, organic matter content, and sediment accretion measurements collected at feldspar stations established near Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring Systems (CRMS) sites and on Mike Island in Wax Lake Delta (WLD). Feldspar stations were established to capture recent sediment deposition rates across hydrogeomorphic zones defined as discrete surface elevation ranges relative to NAVD88 (e.g., subtidal < -0.04 m, intertidal -0.04 m to 0.30 m, and supratidal > 0.30 m). Hydrogeomorphic zones classification was based on marsh surface elevation measurements acquired in November - December 2020 using a RTK GPS (Trible R12, using Geoid 18). Between two and four feldspar stations were deployed approximately 25 and 50 meters from a main channel to represent existing hydrogeomorphic zones in brackish and saline emergent marsh vegetation, brackish and saline ponds within emergent marshes, tidal freshwater emergent marshes, and forested swamps. Cryocore technique was used to determine recent sediment deposition. Soil samples were collected to determine organic and inorganic fractions and organic carbon content. The data cover the Delta-X field studies conducted from Fall 2020 through Fall 2023. The first feldspar markers were deployed in October of 2019. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
Delta-X: AVIRIS-NG BRDF-Adjusted Surface Reflectance and Mosaics, MRD, LA, 2021, V3
This data provides AVIRIS-NG Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and sunglint-corrected surface spectral reflectance images over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) of coastal Louisiana, USA. Flights were acquired during the Spring and Fall 2021 deployments of the Delta-X campaign. The imagery was acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) from 2021-03-27 to 2021-04-06 and 2021-08-18 to 2021-09-25. Reflectance data are provided for each flight line. In addition, ten files of mosaicked flight lines, by time period and over four locations (labeled Terre, Atcha, TerreEast, and Bara), are included. Data are provided as binary ENVI image and header files. Only land pixels were corrected; mask files for the mosaic file coverage showing presence/absence of water and clouds are also included. For the Delta-X mission, these data serve to better understand rates of soil erosion, accretion, and creation in the delta system, with the goal of building better models of how river deltas will behave under relative sea level rise.
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