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2,194 results for “Diffusers”
Data from: Data for evaluation of fast kurtosis imaging, b-value optimization and exploration of diffusion MRI contrast
Here we describe and provide diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data that was acquired in neural tissue and a physical phantom. Data acquired in biological tissue includes: fixed rat brain (acquired at 9.4T) and spinal cord (acquired at 16.4T) and in normal human brain (acquired at 3T). This data was recently used for evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) contrasts and for comparison to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameter contrast. The data has also been used to optimize b-values for ex vivo and in vivo fast kurtosis imaging. The remaining data was obtained in a physical phantom with three orthogonal fiber orientations (fresh asparagus stems) for exploration of the kurtosis fractional anisotropy. However, the data may have broader interest and, collectively, may form the basis for image contrast exploration and simulations based on a wide range of dMRI analysis strategies.
Data from: Distal-less activates butterfly eyespots consistent with a reaction diffusion process
Eyespots on the wings of nymphalid butterflies represent colorful examples of pattern formation, yet the developmental origins and mechanisms underlying eyespot center differentiation are still poorly understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 we re-examine the function of Distal-less (Dll) as an activator or repressor of eyespots, a topic that remains controversial. We show that the phenotypic outcome of CRISPR mutations depends upon which specific exon is targeted. In Bicyclus anynana, exon 2 mutations are associated with both missing and ectopic eyespots and also exon-skipping. Exon 3 mutations, which do not lead to exon-skipping, produce only null phenotypes including missing eyespots, lighter wing coloration and loss of scales. Reaction-diffusion modeling of Dll function, using Wnt and Dpp as candidate morphogens, accurately replicates these complex crispant phenotypes. These results provide new insight into the function of Dll as a potential activator of eyespot development, scale growth, and melanization, and suggest that the tuning of Dll expression levels can generate a diversity of eyespot phenotypes, including their appearance on the wing.
Data from: An experimental study on coflow diffusion combustion in a pellet-packed bed with different bed lengths
In experimental investigations on axial symmetry, over-ventilated CH4/air diffusion combustion in a packed bed is executed to study the height, shape, and stability of the flame. The combustor is a quartz tube packed with alumina pellets in which a cylindrical fuel stream is surrounded by a coflow air nozzle. The results show that the bed length and pellet diameter have a significant influence on the flame properties. In general, the flame above the pellet surface has axial symmetry, and its shape and color are similar to those of a conventional diffusion flame when the bed length is smaller. The color of the flame front varies with the bed length. The changed color indicates an increased flame-front temperature and that the combustion regime above the bed surface may change from non-premixed combustion to partially premixed combustion or even premixed combustion due to the mix and dispersion effect in the packed bed. In addition, multiple flame behaviors, such as an inclined flame front, isolated reaction zone, and oscillatory motion followed by a pulsating sound with a few Hz in a packed bed, are observed experimentally. The possible reasons for these phenomena are discussed.
Data from: Diffantom: whole-brain diffusion MRI phantoms derived from real datasets of the Human Connectome Project
Diffantom is a whole-brain diffusion MRI (dMRI) phantom publicly available through the Dryad Digital Repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.4p080). The dataset contains two single-shell dMRI images, along with the corresponding gradient information, packed following the BIDS standard (Brain Imaging Data Structure, Gorgolewski et al., 2015). The released dataset is designed for the evaluation of the impact of susceptibility distortions and benchmarking existing correction methods. In this Data Report we also release the software instruments involved in generating diffantoms, so that researchers are able to generate new phantoms derived from different subjects, and apply these data in other applications like investigating diffusion sampling schemes, the assessment of dMRI processing methods, the simulation of pathologies and imaging artifacts, etc. In summary, Diffantom is intended for unit testing of novel methods, cross-comparison of established methods, and integration testing of partial or complete processing flows to extract connectivity networks from dMRI.
Data from: A prediction model of compressor with variable geometry diffuser based on elliptic equation and Partial Least Squares
In order to fulfill more and more extensive intake air flow range of diesel engine, variable geometry compressor (VGC) is introduced into turbocharged diesel engine. However, due to the variable diffuser vanes angle (DVA), the prediction for the performance of VGC becomes more difficult than normal compressor. In the present study, a prediction model comprised of elliptical equation and PLS (Partial Least Squares) model was proposed to predict the performance of VGC. The speed lines of pressure ratio map and efficiency map with elliptical equation were fitted, and the coefficients of elliptical equation was introduced into PLS model to build the polynomial relationship between the coefficients and relative speed, DVA. And further, the maximal order of polynomical was detailed investigated to reduce the number of sub-coefficients and acceptable fit accuracy simultaneously. The prediction model was validated with sample data and in order to present the superiority in compressor performance prediction, the prediction results of this model were compared with those of look-up table and BPNN. The validation and comparison results show that the prediction accuracy of the new developed model is acceptable, and this model is much more suitable than look-up table and BPNN under the same condition in the VGA performance prediction. Moreover, the new developed prediction model provides a novel and effective prediction solution for VGC and can be used to improve the accuracy of the thermodynamic model for turbocharged diesel engines in the future.
Data from: Experimental study of the supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient in porous media under reservoir conditions
Reliable measurement of CO2 diffusion coefficient in consolidated oil-saturated porous media is critical for design, performance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project. In this study, a thorough experimental investigation on supercritical CO2 diffusion in n-decane saturated Berea core (50 and 100 mD) was conducted at elevated pressure (10 to 25 MPa) and temperature (333.15 to 373.15 K), which simulated the real reservoir condition. Supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficients in Berea core were calculated by a model appropriate for diffusion in porous media based on Fick's law. The results show that with an increase in pressure, temperature and permeability, the supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient increases correspondingly. The supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient first increases slowly at 10 MPa and then grow significantly with the increase of pressure. The effect of temperature becomes weaker at elevated pressure condition. And the effect of permeability keeps steady despite of temperature change in experiments. The effect of gas state and porous media on supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient is further discussed by comparing the results in this study with previous research. Based on the experimental results, an empirical correlation for supercritical CO2 diffusion coefficient in n-decane saturated porous media is developed. The experimental results contribute to the study of supercritical CO2 diffusion in compact porous media.
Replication package for "Measuring Diffusion over a Large Network"
<p>The package contains data sets and codes to replicate the tables and figures in He and Song (forthcoming), "Measuring Diffusion Over a Large Network" Review of Economic Studies. Detailed instructions to obtain some of the raw data are given in the package.</p> <p> </p>
Clinicopathological differences in MYC and BCL2 protein expression between primary extranodal and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Unveiling the diffusion of Re, Cr, and I in saturated compacted bentonite using machine learning method
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k-space dataset for Robust multishot diffusion-weighted imaging of the abdomen with region-based shot rejection
<p>k-space dataset for https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrm.30102</p>
Latent 3D Graph Diffusion -- e3_diffusion_for_molecules
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Latent 3D Graph Diffusion -- cond_samples_gssl
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Latent 3D Graph Diffusion -- AE_geom_cond_weights_and_data
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Latent 3D Graph Diffusion -- AE_topo_weights_and_data
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Non-human primate white matter development during the first year of life as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative relaxometry
<p>In this project, we use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and quantitative relaxometry (QR) metrics to assess longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) throughout the postnatal rhesus macaque brain across the first year of life. DTI and QR metrics are measured at 3, 7, 13, 25, and 53 weeks of age in each of 35 non-human primates (NHPs) in this sample, for a total 175 datapoints (i.e., scans). Leveraging a previously published NHP WM atlas (Adluru et al., 2012; Zakszewski et al., 2014), we assess WM microstructure in 76 WM regions across the brain. DTI metrics include fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD); the QR metric assessed is the longitudinal relaxation rate (qR<sub>1</sub>). These longitudinal data enable the direct comparison of DTI and QR metrics in very early life on a within-subject level, as well as robust, multimodal modeling of WM growth in infancy, providing insights into early postnatal neurodevelopment that may have important implications neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood.</p>
Dataset for publication "Uncertainty assessment for very high temperature thermal diffusivity measurements on molybdenum, tungsten and isotropic graphite"
<p>Experimental data presented in the paper:</p> <p>Hay B., Beaumont O., Failleau G., Fleurence N., Grelard M., Razouk R., Davée G., Hameury J., Uncertainty assessment for very high temperature thermal diffusivity measurements on molybdenum, tungsten and isotropic graphite, <em>International Journal of Thermophysics</em> 43:2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02926-6.</p> <p>Excel file contains the data for Figures 3 to 5.</p>
Dataset of Modeling of diffuse auroral emission at Mars: Contribution of MeV protons
<p>This dataset contains the input parameters and the simulated results used for figures in the paper "Modeling of diffuse auroral emission at Mars: Contribution of MeV protons" by Y. Nakamura, N. Terada, F. Leblanc, A. Rahmati, H. Nakagawa, S. Sakai, S. Hiruba, R. Kataoka, and K. Murase. Detailed informations about the data files can be found in "README.txt".</p>
Rate file for diffuse and translucent cloud chemistry
<p>Rate file for astrochemical models shown in Section 5.7.2 of the book "Astrochemistry: Chemistry in Interstellar and Circumstellar Space" by DA Williams and C Cecchi-Pestellini</p>
Contrast solution properties and scan parameters influence the apparent diffusivity of computed tomography contrast agents in articular cartilage
<p>The inability to detect early degenerative changes to the articular cartilage surface that commonly precede bulk osteoarthritic degradation is an obstacle to early disease detection for research or clinical diagnosis. Leveraging a known artifact that blurs tissue boundaries in clinical arthrograms, contrast agent diffusivity can be derived from computed tomography arthrography (CTa) scans. We combined experimental and computational approaches to study protocol variations that may alter the CTa-derived apparent diffusivity. In experimental studies on bovine cartilage explants, we examined how contrast agent dilution and transport direction (absorption vs. desorption) influence the apparent diffusivity of untreated and enzymatically digested cartilage. Using multiphysics simulations, we examined mechanisms underlying experimental observations and the effects of image resolution, scan interval and early scan termination. The apparent diffusivity during absorption decreased with increasing contrast agent concentration by an amount similar to the increase induced by tissue digestion. Models indicated that osmotically induced fluid efflux strongly contributed to the concentration effect. Simulated changes to spatial resolution, scan spacing and total scan time all influenced the apparent diffusivity, indicating the importance of consistent protocols. With careful control of imaging protocols and interpretations guided by transport models, CTa-derived diffusivity offers promise as a biomarker for early degenerative changes.</p>
Lithium diffusion coefficient
<p>this is an example data. </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.