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Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Croatia

This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included. Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: Croatian Veterinary Institute

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Portugal

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Hungary

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Norway

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Slovakia

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Ireland

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – The United Kingdom

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in The Relationship Between Fish Length And Otolith Size And Weight Of The Australian Anchovy, Engraulis Australis (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), Retrieved From The Food Of The Australasian Gannet, Morus Serrator (Suliformes, Sulidae), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the gannet's colonies in

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Advance social information allows red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) to better conserve body mass and intestinal mass during food stress

Animals prepare for fluctuations in resources through advance storage of energy, planned reduction in energy costs or by moving elsewhere. Unpredictable fluctuations in food, however, may be particularly challenging if animals cannot avoid negative impacts on body condition. Social information may help animals to cope with unpredictable resources if cues from individuals with low foraging success give advance warning about deteriorating conditions. This study investigates the impact of social information on behavior and physiology of food-restricted captive red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra). Birds were restricted to two short feeding periods per day to simulate a decline in resources and were given social information from food-restricted neighbors either before (i.e., predictive) or during (i.e., parallel) the food restriction period. Focal birds better conserved body mass during food restriction if social information was predictive of the decline in resources. Crossbills with predictive information ate more food, had larger intestinal mass and better conserved pectoral muscle size at the end of the restriction period compared to those with parallel social information. These data suggest that birds can use social information to alter behavioral and physiological responses during food shortage in ways that may confer an adaptive advantage for survival.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Freshwater floodplain habitats buffer native food webs from negative effects of non-native centrarchids and bullfrogs

Species introductions are common in freshwater environments, with the potential to transform community and ecosystem structure. Predatory fishes and American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana = Lithobates catesbeianus) are both widespread aquatic invaders implicated in native amphibian declines. In lowland ecosystems, co-occurrence between native and non-native fishes and larval amphibians appears more common than in high-elevation ecosystems, though community interactions there are poorly studied. In this study, we used stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to examine native fish and amphibian trophic structure in lowland, floodplain waterbodies with and without non-native centrarchid fishes and bullfrogs. In the presence of non-native taxa, three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), two native salamander larvae, and one of two native frog species shifted their food resources and/or fed lower on the food web, with only one species exhibiting a decline in niche size. The observed trophic shifts reflect changes in habitat and/or food resources, which may reduce competition or predation, and promote co-occurrence. Collectively, our study suggests that the co-occurrence of native and non-native amphibians and fishes in lowland, floodplain habitats may be facilitated by broad food resource availability and complex habitat structure.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Influence of pollen dispersal and mating pattern in domestication of intermediate Wheatgrass, a novel perennial food crop

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial forage grass that is currently being domesticated as a grain crop. It is a primarily wind-pollinated outcrossing species and expresses severe inbreeding depression when self-pollinated. Characterization of pollen dispersal, mating parameters, and change in genetic diversity due to pollen movement is currently lacking in IWG. In this study, we examined pollen dispersal in an IWG selection nursery by evaluating 846 progeny from 15 mother plants and traced their parentage to 374 fathers. A set of 2500 genomic loci was used to characterize the population. We assigned paternity to 769 (91%) progeny and the average number of fathers per mother plant was 37, from an average of 56 progeny examined per mother. An extensive number (80%) of pollination events occurred within 10 m of the mother plants. Pollination success was not correlated with trait attributes of the paternal genotypes. Mating system analysis confirmed that IWG is highly out-crossing and inbreeding was virtually absent. Neither genetic diversity nor the genome-estimated trait values of progeny were significantly affected by pollinator distance. The distance of pollinator in an IWG breeding nursery therefore was not found to be a major contributor in maintaining genetic diversity. These findings reveal the pollen dispersal model in IWG for the first time and its effect on genetic diversity, which will be valuable in designing future IWG breeding populations. Information generated and discussed in this study could be applied in understanding gene flow and genetic diversity of other open-pollinated species.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Revealing the Sustainability of Novel Food System Technologies: A systematic scoping review

This repository contains the R- script and data files used to generate visualizations for a systematic scoping review on the sustainability of novel food system technologies.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Data from: Comparing the importance of farming resource endowments and agricultural livelihood diversification for agricultural sustainability from the perspective of the food–energy–water nexus

Household Survey Data for journal article 'Comparing the importance of farming resource endowments and agricultural livelihood diversification for agricultural sustainability from the perspective of the food–energy–water nexus', without protected data.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: It's all about food: Environmental factors cause species-specific dispersal

Dispersal is a vital component of the life- history of nearly all organisms. The ability to disperse determines the distribution and abundance of a species and thus its community dynamic at different sites. The scientific challenge is to design standardized laboratory experiments that not only record the effects of single factors but also includes the multi-causal nature of dispersal. Here we tested the effect of the environmental factors density, food availability and predation and the combinations thereof on the dispersal of five free- living nematode species by performing experiments in two-patched systems. We hypothesized that emigration is generally positively correlated with the intrinsic rate of natural increase and would decrease with increasing food availability and increase both with the presence of a predator and at higher initial population densities. These predictions were tested both using single-species tests with laboratory cultures as well as using intact natural nematode communities to investigate whether environmental factors determine the composition of dispersing species. The results of our study revealed a positive correlation between dispersal and intrinsic growth ability, whereas the studied nematode species differed in their dispersal patterns, both under control conditions and in response to bottom-up, top-down, and density dependent stimuli. Despite the species- specific differences in dispersal behavior in response to the environmental factors, the availability of food appeared as the main driver. This was especially pronounced regarding a natural nematode community. Our experiments emphasize the central role of food availability in spatial structuring nematode communities.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Fruit-feeding butterfly populations respond to variation in adult food availability: evidence from longitudinal body mass and abundance data

The degree to which variation in adult food availability affects the population dynamics of a species depends on its position on the capital-income breeding continuum. The long-lived butterflies that feed on fruits as adults constitute an example of Lepidoptera with a high degree of income breeding. For three species of fruit-feeding butterflies in Uganda, we assessed the contribution of the income to breeding in the wild, and the consequences of variation in fruit availability for body mass and population dynamics. We interpreted body mass loss within individuals as well as younger individuals having higher body mass than older ones as evidence for the depletion of capital reserves. Despite large sample sizes, we were able to show only modest body mass loss in one species, indicating that large-bodied fruit-feeding butterflies are functionally income breeders in the wild. Butterfly body mass was sensitive to environmental factors, although the responses to fruit availability and weather parameters were dominated by interactive effects. In all three species, periods of higher availability of fruit were followed by periods of higher adult abundance three to five months later, fitting the egg-to-adult time. Our results suggest that adult food is rapidly used for reproduction so that body mass remains stable and population size responds to adult food availability. For these income breeding species, the frequent periods of low adult food availability may select for extended adult longevity for the purpose of postponing reproduction to the onset of more favorable conditions.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Wild food plants in the Soviet books

The presented dataset aimed to fill a gap in the research on the evolution of book knowledge about wild food plants in the USSR. The dataset enables the expansion of documenting of ethnobotanical data by creating a database of plant taxa to further incorporate information from previous research on the topic and future fieldwork studies in the region.  Wild food plants are a valuable yet underutilized natural resource with great potential for nutritional purposes. The knowledge of using wild plants for food can be of particular importance in times of food shortages that may arise due to economic, political, and environmental factors. At the same time, research on edible wild plants and their modes of consumption helps to explore the biodiversity of the study region and its cultural characteristics and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Flying on empty: Reduced mitochondrial function and flight capacity in food-deprived monarch butterflies

Mitochondrial function is fundamental to organismal performance, health, and fitness – especially during energetically challenging events, such as migration. With this investigation, we evaluated mitochondrial sensitivity to ecologically relevant stressors. We focused on an iconic migrant, the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), and examined the effects of two stressors: seven days of food deprivation, and infection by the protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (known to reduce survival and flight performance). We measured whole-animal resting metabolic rate (RMR) and peak flight metabolic rate, and mitochondrial respiration of isolated mitochondria from the flight muscles. Food deprivation reduced mass-independent RMR and peak flight metabolic rate, whereas infection did not. Fed monarchs used mainly lipids in flight (respiratory quotient 0.73), but the respiratory quotient dropped in food-deprived individuals, possibly indicating switching to alternative energy sources, such as ketone bodies. Food deprivation decreased mitochondrial maximum oxygen consumption but not basal respiration, resulting in lower respiratory control ratio (RCR). Furthermore, food deprivation decreased mitochondrial complex III activity, but increased complex IV activity. Infection did not result in any changes in these mitochondrial variables. Mitochondrial maximum respiration rate correlated positively with mass-independent RMR and flight metabolic rate, suggesting a link between mitochondria and whole-animal performance. In conclusion, low food availability negatively affects mitochondrial function and flight performance, with potential implications for migration, fitness, and population dynamics. Although previous studies have reported poor flight performance in infected monarchs, we found no differences in physiological performance, suggesting that reduced flight capacity may be due to structural differences or low energy stores.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Future Food Security in Africa under Climate Change

This excel file contains data tables (S2-S3) also found in the supplementary materials of the publication titled "Future Food Security in Africa under Climate Change".  The tables included here include a regional breakdown of African countries (Table S2), available calories for direct or indirect human consumption under diverse food loss and waste pathways (Table S3), and data on national caloric deficits under different scenarios (Table S4).

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Innovafrica project data on agricultural food value chains

A dataset was generated using the baseline survey data of the project entitled "Innovations in Technology, Institutional and Extension Approaches towards Sustainable Agriculture and enhanced Food and Nutrition Security in Africa (Acronym - Innovafrica)", which involved 16 istitutions from Europe and Africa and was implemented in six countries namely Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania. It includes the following information: smallholders' socio-demographic and economic characteristics; improved agriculture practices and seed systems adopted; climate change related aspects; membership in agricultural associations, and access to subsidies, agricultural inputs and credit.