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983 results for “Lice”
Figure 7 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 7 Female terminalia of Aphalara spp. A, B, I Aphalara ortegaesp. nov. C, D, JAphalara persicariaCaldwell E, F, KAphalara ritterisp. nov. G, H, LAphalara similaCaldwell A, C, E, G female terminalia, in profile B, D, F, H valvulae dorsales and ventrales, in profile I–L circumanal ring, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C, E, G, I–L); 0.05 mm (B, D, F, H).
Figure 3 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 3 Habitus of Aphalara spp. A–DAphalara ortegaesp. nov. E–HAphalara ritterisp. nov. A, C, E, G male B, D, F, H female A, B, E, F lateral view C, D, G, H dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 2 Persicaria hydropiperoides(Michx.) Small A, C plants with galls by Aphalara ritterisp. nov. B examples of galled and ungalled leaves D plant with flowers E plant growing along pond F artificial habitat in Parque Tingui, Curitiba, PR, Brazil with clusters of P. hydropiperoides (arrow).
Figure 1 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 1 Aphalara ritterisp. nov. A male B female C female on a gall D fifth instar immature with secretions (arrow) E skin in opened gall and aphid F, G egg on a gall.
Figure 6 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 6 Male terminalia of Aphalara spp. A–D Aphalara ortegaesp. nov. E–H Aphalara ritterisp. nov. I, J Aphalara persicariaCaldwell K, LAphalara similaCaldwell A, B, E, F, I, K inner face of paramere, in profile; arrows point to apico-posterior lobe/angle C, D, G, H, J, L distal portion of aedeagus, in profile. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
Figure 8 from: Burckhardt D, Dalle Cort G, Queiroz DL (2020) Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics. ZooKeys 980: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.56807
Figure 8 Aphalara spp. A, D, GAphalara ortegaesp. nov. B, C, F, IAphalara ritterisp. nov. E, HAphalara persicariaCaldwell A, B female subgenital plate, in ventral view; arrow points to apex C tarsus with arolium and claws of immature D–F fifth instar immature, left body side G–I circumanal ring of fifth instar immature; arrows point to antero-lateral edge and postero-lateral margin. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B); 0.02 mm (C); 0.2 mm (D–F); 0.1 mm (G–I).
Data from: Simultaneous radiation of bird and mammal lice following the K-Pg boundary
The diversification of parasite groups often occurs at the same time as the diversification of their hosts. However, most studies demonstrating this concordance only examine single host-parasite groups. Multiple diverse lineages of ectoparasitic lice occur across both birds and mammals. Here we describe the evolutionary history of lice based on analyses of 1,107 single copy orthologous genes from sequenced genomes of 46 species of lice. We identify three major diverse groups of lice: one exclusively on mammals, one almost exclusively on birds, and one on both birds and mammals. Each of these groups radiated just after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, the time of the mass extinction event of the dinosaurs and rapid diversification of most of the modern lineages of birds and mammals.
Data from: Rates of genomic divergence in humans, chimpanzees and their lice
The rate of DNA mutation and divergence is highly variable across the tree of life. However, the reasons underlying this variation are not well understood. Comparing the rates of genetic changes between hosts and parasite lineages that diverged at the same time is one way to begin to understand differences in genetic mutation and substitution rates. Such studies have indicated that the rate of genetic divergence in parasites is often faster than that of their hosts when comparing single genes. However, the variation in this relative rate of molecular evolution across different genes in the genome is unknown. We compared the rate of DNA sequence divergence between humans, chimpanzees and their ectoparasitic lice for 1534 protein-coding genes across their genomes. The rate of DNA substitution in these orthologous genes was on average 14 times faster for lice than for humans and chimpanzees. In addition, these rates were positively correlated across genes. Because this correlation only occurred for substitutions that changed the amino acid, this pattern is probably produced by similar functional constraints across the same genes in humans, chimpanzees and their ectoparasites.
Data from: Mitochondrial genome fragmentation unites the parasitic lice of eutherian mammals
Organelle genome fragmentation has been found in a wide range of eukaryotic lineages; however, its use in phylogenetic reconstruction has not been demonstrated. We explored the use of mitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation in resolving the controversial suborder-level phylogeny of parasitic lice (order Phthiraptera). There are ~5,000 species of parasitic lice in four suborders (Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhyncophthirina and Anoplura), which infest mammals and birds. The phylogenetic relationships among these suborders are unresolved despite decades of studies. We sequenced the mt genomes of eight species of parasitic lice and compared them with 17 other species of parasitic lice sequenced previously. We found that the typical single-chromosome mt genome is retained in the lice of birds but fragmented into many minichromosomes in the lice of eutherian mammals. The shared derived feature of mt genome fragmentation unites the eutherian mammal lice of Ischnocera (family Trichodectidae) with Anoplura and Rhyncophthirina to the exclusion of the bird lice of Ischnocera (family Philopteridae). This novel clade is also supported by phylogenetic analysis of mt genome and cox1 gene sequences. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that organelle genome fragmentation is informative for resolving controversial high-level phylogenies.
Data from: Elevated genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes in asexual populations of bark lice ("Psocoptera": Echmepteryx hageni)
Asexual reproduction is commonly thought to be associated with low genetic diversity in animals. Echmepteryx hageni (Insecta: "Psocoptera") is one of several psocopteran species that are primarily parthenogenetic, but also exists in small, isolated sexual populations. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences to investigate the population history and genealogical relationships between the sexual and asexual forms of this species. The asexual population of E. hageni exhibits extremely high mitochondrial haplotype diversity (H = 0.98), whereas the sexual forms had significantly lower haplotypic diversity (H = 0.25, after correcting for sample size). This diversity in asexuals represents one the greatest genetic diversities reported for asexual animals in the literature. Nucleotide diversities were also higher in asexual compared to sexual populations (π = 0.0071 vs. 0.00027). Compared to other reported estimates of π in insects, asexual nucleotide diversity is high, but not remarkably elevated. Three hypotheses might explain the elevated genetic diversity of asexual populations: 1) larger effective population size, 2) greater mutation rate, or 3) possible recent origin of sexuals. In addition, phylogeographic analysis revealed little geographic structure among asexual E. hageni, although specimens from the upper Midwest form a single clade and are genetically differentiated. The mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicate a historical population size increase, possibly associated with expansion from glacial refugia.
FIGURES 1–2 in Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from parrots and parakeets of the genera Cyanoliseus and Enicognathus in Chile and Argentina, with descriptions of a new species
FIGURES 1–2. Paragoniocotes enicognathidis sp. nov. 1 male, 2 female, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURE 7 in Three new species of chewing lice of the genus Emersoniella Tendeiro, 1965 (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Papua New Guinean kingfishers and kookaburras (Aves: Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae)
FIGURE 7. Emersoniella galateae ex Tanysiptera galatea meyeri: male genitalia.
Fig. 4 in Chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) off Bruijn's Brush-turkey Aepypodius bruijnii from New Guinea (AVes, Galliformes, Megapodiidae)
Fig. 4: Megathellipeurus mumesensis n. sp., female, dorsal view. – Scale 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) off Bruijn's Brush-turkey Aepypodius bruijnii from New Guinea (AVes, Galliformes, Megapodiidae)
Fig. 3: Megathellipeurus mumesensis n. sp., male, ventral view. – Scale 1 mm.
Figures 21- 22 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figures 21- 22 Pelecolipeurus cf. longus (Piaget, 1880) ex Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831). 21. Male subgenital plate and abdominal segments VIII–XI, ventral view; 22. Female subgenital plate and abdominal segments VIII–XI, ventral view.
Figures 17-20 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figures 17-20 Pelecolipeurus cf. longus (Piaget, 1880) ex Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831). 17. Male head, dorsal and ventral views; 18. Female antenna, ventral view; 19. Male genitalia, ventral view; 20. Distal male genitalia, ventral view.
Figure 16 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figure 16 Pelecolipeurus cf. longus (Piaget, 1880) ex Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831). female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
Figure 15 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figure 15 Pelecolipeurus cf. longus (Piaget, 1880) ex Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831). Male habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
Figures 7- 8 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figures 7- 8 Pelecolipeurus fujianensis sp. nov. ex Tragopan caboti (Gould, 1857). 7. Male subgenital plate and abdominal segments VIII–XI, ventral view; 8. Female subgenital plate and abdominal segments VIII–XI, ventral view.
Figures 3-6 from: Gustafsson DR, Tian C, Ren M, Li Z, Sun X, Zou F (2024) New genus and species of lice in the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae), with an overview of the distribution of ischnoceran chewing lice on galliform hosts. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.71.111874
Figures 3-6 Pelecolipeurus fujianensis sp. nov. ex Tragopan caboti (Gould, 1857). 3. Male head, dorsal and ventral views; 4. Female antenna, ventral view; 5. Male genitalia, ventral view; 6. Distal male genitalia, ventral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.