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1,444 results for “Mitigation”
Effects of large herbivores on fire regimes and wildfire mitigation
<p>1. Abandonment of agricultural land is widespread in many parts of the world, leading to shrub and tree encroachment. The increase of flammable plant biomass, i.e. fuel load, increases the risk and intensity of wildfires. Fuel reduction by herbivores is a promising management strategy to avoid fuel build-up and mitigate wildfires. However, their effectiveness in mitigating wildfire damage may depend on a range of factors, including herbivore type, population density and feeding patterns.<br> <br> 2. Here we review the evidence on whether management with herbivores can reduce fuel load and mitigate wildfires, and if so, how to identify suitable management that can achieve fire mitigation objectives while providing other ecosystem services. We systematically reviewed studies that investigated links between herbivores, fire hazard, fire frequency and fire damage.<br> <br> 3. We found that in general, herbivores reduce fuel load most effectively when they are mixed-feeders, when grazing and browsing herbivores are combined, and when herbivore food preferences match the local vegetation. In some cases, the combination of herbivory with other management strategies, such as mechanical clearing, is necessary to reduce wildfire damage.<br> <br> 4. We conclude that herbivores have the capacity to mitigate wildfire damage, and we provide guidance for grazing management for wildfire mitigation strategies. As areas undergoing land abandonment are particularly prone to wildfires, the maintenance or promotion of grazing by domestic or wild herbivores is a promising tool to reduce wildfire risk in a cost-effective way, while also providing other ecosystem services. Relevant land-use policies, including fire-suppression policies, agricultural and forest(ry) policies could incentivise the use of herbivores for better wildfire prevention.</p>
Data of Black-Box Side-Channel Detection and Mitigation for Internet of Things
<p>This repository contains the datasets used in the experiments of the paper "Black-Box Side-Channel Detection and Mitigation for Internet of Things" and the results of the experiments.</p>
Source data used to reproduce global maps for Ou et al. 2021 (Deep Mitigation of CO2 and non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases towards 1.5°C and 2°C Futures)
<p>Shape file and R code used to reproduce Fig 3d and SI figures with global maps, using an open-source R package "sf" (https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/ ) </p>
Paradoxical risk mitigation behavior in private households
<p>Abstract</p> <p>More than 40% of registered foodborne outbreaks can be attributed to unsafe food handling practices in private households (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). Although households represent the final stage of the food chain (where mitigation of food safety risks would be vital), consumers generally do not consider themselves to be a responsible actor in this respect (Taché & Carpentier, 2014). Poor hygiene and food handling practices are among the major risk factors for household-related <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-borne-disease">foodborne illnesses</a>, specifically cross-contamination and inefficient handwashing. In this work, we present two studies in which we analyzed hygiene and safety aspects of the poultry handling habits of consumers. Study 1 was an in-home behavior observation study involving 15 households. Besides inefficient handwashing, washing of poultry meat in the sink was the most problematic behavior. <em>Salmonella</em> and/or <em>Campylobacter</em> spp. were detected in 47% of meat samples taken during the home visits. Study 2 was a nationally representative household survey (<em>N</em> = 1007). 83% of the respondents reported that they washed poultry meat before food preparation. Based on patterns of poultry washing practices, knowledge about and interest in food safety, and worries about the safety of homemade dishes, five clusters of consumers were identified. Only one of these clusters had a significantly reduced tendency to wash poultry before preparation. The results indicate that, paradoxically, the more the conscious consumers are of microbiological hazards, the more likely they are to wash their poultry: most consumers believe that washing poultry before preparation is good hygiene practice and are not aware of cross-contamination risk.</p>
Replication package for: Energy Efficiency and Directed Technical Change: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation
<p>Contains raw data and replication code for the following paper:</p> <p>Casey, Gregory (forthcoming). "Energy Efficiency and Directed Technical Change: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation." Review of Economic Studies.</p>
Drivers of bat activity at wind turbines advocate for mitigating bat exposure using multicriteria algorithm-based curtailment
<p>data used for the paper</p>
Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios?
<p>Here are stored two datasets belonging to the model build for the following research article:</p> <p><strong>Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios?</strong></p> <p>Francesca Rosa, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Pekka Lauri, Adam Felton, Nicklas Forsell, Stephan Pfister, Stefanie Hellweg</p> <p><em>Environmental Science and Technology</em>, <strong>2023</strong></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867</a></p> <p>The rest of the data, the code and further documentation are provided in this github repository: <a href="https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate">https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate</a> </p> <p> </p>
Defense Resiliency Project (DRP) Alaska Community Hazard and Permafrost Mitigation Plans
<p>Hazard and Permafrost Mitigation Plans for Alaska communities to be included in the DRP study</p>
The Success of the Montreal Protocol for Climate Mitigation: Antarctica Ozone hole Recovery Perspective
<p>The monitoring of the ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere began in the 1970s due to its absorbing nature of radiation from the Sun, which is harmful to humans and prevents it from reaching the surface of the Earth. However, considerable global attention has been drawn after the finding of the ozone hole, which is associated with a significant drop in total columnar ozone (TCO), specifically a fall in stratospheric ozone (SO) during the spring of 1984. Since then, numerous studies on the Antarctic ozone hole have been conducted following the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol (the ozone treaties) to sustain the ozone layer. In response to this, the Montreal Protocol was developed under the umbrella of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to protect the thinning of the ozone layer. With 197 participating nations, it is a substantial step toward universal ratification. </p> <p>Towards this, the present study utilized TCO data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Nimbus-7/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), TOMS-Earth Probe, and Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sensors at various time periods. Due to the varied spatial resolution of the missions, daily data were resampled to 1˚×1˚ (latitude × longitude) and generated daily unified spatial resolution matrixes.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>S.No.</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Parameter</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Sensor</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Data Period</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Resolution in degrees</strong></p> <p><strong>(Latitude </strong><strong>× Longitude)</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Data Resource</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1</p> </td> <td> <p>Total Columnar Ozone (TCO)</p> </td> <td> <p>NIMBUS-7/TOMS</p> </td> <td> <p>1979-1993</p> </td> <td> <p>1°×1.25°</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> <p>https://earthdata.nasa.gov/</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2</p> </td> <td> <p>TOMS-EP</p> </td> <td> <p>1996-2005</p> </td> <td> <p>1°×1.25°</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> <p>https://earthdata.nasa.gov/</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>3</p> </td> <td> <p>AURA/OMI</p> </td> <td> <p>2004-2020</p> </td> <td> <p>0.25°×0.25°</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> <p>https://earthdata.nasa.gov/</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>4</p> </td> <td> <p>Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) emissions</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> <p>1985-2015</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> <p>Global data</p> </td> <td> <p>https://ourworldindata.org</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
<p>Warming can decrease feeding activity of soil organisms and affect biogeochemical cycles in alpine ecosystems. Ants (<em>Formica manchu</em>) are active on their nest surface, and prefer a hot and dry environment. Therefore, warming may provide a favorable environment for their activity. We hypothesized that ants might benefit from warming and increase the robustness of ecosystem functions to warming. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of ant nests (ant nest absence vs. ant nest presence) and warming (ambient temperature, + 1.3°C and + 2.3°C) on litter decomposition, soil properties and the plant community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Decomposition stations with two mesh sizes were used to differentiate effects of microorganisms (0.05mm) and macroinvertebrate (1cm) to litter decomposition. Ant nests increased litter decomposition with and without macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station when compared to plots without ant nests. Only the litter decomposition in ant nests with macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station was not negatively affected by warming. Plots with ant nests had greater soil organic carbon, nutrient contents and plant growth than plots without ant nests, regardless of warming. Consequently, ant nests can mitigate the negative effects of warming on litter decomposition and improve ecosystem functions under warming.</p>
Figure 2 in Associated costs of mitigation-driven translocation in small lizards
Figure 2. Regression plots showing the relationship between the distance moved by the lizards and the change in (a) body condition, and (b) intensity of mite infestation between capture and recapture.
Figure 1 in Associated costs of mitigation-driven translocation in small lizards
Figure 1. Plots according to model averaging and crossvalidation (see table 1) showing the significant effect of the translocation experiment on (a) the distance moved (F1, 37 = 8.53, P = 0.006) and (b) the change in body condition (F1, 36 = 4.16, P = 0.048) of the males of Psammodromus algirus. Box shows mean ± SE and whisker confidence intervals (95%).
Effect of urban heat island mitigation strategies on precipitation and temperature in Montreal, Canada: case studies - Data from numerical experiments
<p>Surface data from the numerical experiments for the paper : "Effect of urban heat island mitigation strategies on precipitation and temperature in Montreal, Canada: case studies", submitted in PLOS Climate. </p> <p>The data is in NetCDF, structure as follow: 1 file per initialization date that contains the model outputs for the surface variables (air temperature, dew-point, relative humidity) and 1 file per initialization date that contains the accumulated precipitation. </p>
MG53 mitigates nitrogen mustard-induced skin injury
<p><strong>Appendix Movie-A1: </strong>Topical NM exposure in <em>wild type</em> mice. Dorsal skin of mice was exposed to NM (3.2 mg/mouse). The movie was taken at the day 2 post exposure.</p> <p><strong>Appendix Movie-A2: </strong>Topical NM exposure in <em>mg53<sup>-/-</sup></em> mice. Dorsal skin of mice was exposed to NM (3.2 mg/mouse). The movie was taken at the day 2 post exposure.</p>
Large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralism: An economic analysis on the efficacy of bear-reindeer predation mitigation measures: Dataset for 2014–2016 corralling versus forest treatment analysis
<p>While wildlife and cultural preservation goals can be either complimentary or counteractive, the goals of large carnivore conservation and traditional pastoralist lifestyles are often at odds. Livestock depredation can negatively impact the economies of livestock herders, while subsequent lethal removals contribute to local carnivore population declines. Here, we collaborated with two Sámi reindeer herding communities (2010–2016) situated in Sweden's boreal forest to evaluate the efficacy and economic feasibility of three brown bear predation mitigation measures: corralling pregnant reindeer during parturition, lethal bear management removals, and public bear-license hunting. Calving corrals increased survival for reindeer calves born to average-sized females by 7% to 15% and by 14% to 30% for calves born to small females. However, the realized cost of implementing calving corrals outweighed the financial gain for both our study areas (net losses ranged between €1,111 and €6,210 per calf saved from bear predation per year when using the updated 2021 calf value), as well as for almost every theoretical scenario we explored (net losses €234 and €13,995 per calf saved from bear predation). The exception was the theoretical scenario where small herding communities overlapped large bear populations, which crossed the breakeven efficacy bear/reindeer ratio of 13.5 bears/100 reindeer and had a potential net gain of €36 per saved calf. Similarly, the cost of lethal management removals of bears also outweighed the potential financial gain from saved calves, with net losses between €75 and €239 per calf. License hunting, where the hunters voluntarily incur the monetary costs of removing bears, is in most cases the only economically viable mitigation measure where the cost of mitigation did not outweigh the financial gain from increased reindeer survival. While the annual public license hunt was the most cost-effective mitigation measure, it may be less biologically effective, i.e., bear hunting occurs in the fall and reindeer parturition the following spring which leaves time for the empty niche of harvested bears to be filled by survivors. Economically and biologically effective predation mitigation measures are key for promoting coexistence, and we suggest that potential mitigation measures should be studied in collaboration with local people.</p>
Supporting data for ''Nonlinearity of the cloud response postpones climate penalty of mitigating air pollution in polluted regions"
<p>Supporting data for our work on Nature Climate Change. You will find:</p> <p> - python codes for generating the plots in the manuscript.</p>
Fig. 8 in Melatonin mitigates UV-B stress via regulating oxidative stress response, cellular redox and alternative electron sinks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 8. Accumulation of UV-B absorbing compounds extractable with acidic methanol. Values obtained from absorbance measurements between 280 and 330 nm with 10 nm intervals were used to draw the curves. The area below each curve was used as an indicator of UV-B absorbing capacity.
Fig. 5 in Melatonin mitigates UV-B stress via regulating oxidative stress response, cellular redox and alternative electron sinks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 5. Expressions of GPX1-8 genes of UV-B treated (90 min) A. thaliana plants with or without 10 μM melatonin supplement. Experiments were repeated two times, and each data point was the mean of three replicates (n = 6). Significant differences (P <0.05) were marked with different letters (a–d) in the charts.
Fig. 4 in Melatonin mitigates UV-B stress via regulating oxidative stress response, cellular redox and alternative electron sinks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 4. Activities of APX, GR, POX (90 and 180 min) and expressions of APX1 and GR1 genes (at 90 min) of UV-B treated A. thaliana plants with or without 10 μM melatonin supplement. Experiments were repeated two times, and each data point was the mean of three replicates (n = 6). Significant differences (P <0.05) were marked with different letters (a–d) in the charts.
Fig. 1 in Melatonin mitigates UV-B stress via regulating oxidative stress response, cellular redox and alternative electron sinks in Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 1. TBARS and Fv/Fm (maximum efficiency of PSII) values of UV-B treated (90 and 180 min) A. thaliana plants with or without melatonin supplement. C90 and C180: control groups, UV90 and UV180: plants treated with UV-B for 90 or 180 min. M90 and M180: melatonin (10 μM), UVM90 and UVM180: UV-B + melatonin treated plants. Note that Y-axis of Fv/Fm starts from 0.5 for better reflection of differences between treatment groups.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.