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FIGURE 3 in Pleistocene Bovidae (Mammalia) from Malapa, Gauteng Province, South Africa

FIGURE 3. Occlusal surface of Malapa UW 88-518, UW 88-519, and UW 88-1015 refit together. The arrows are illus- trating the mesostylid, paraconid, and parastylid, from left to right.

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FIGURE 5 in Pleistocene Bovidae (Mammalia) from Malapa, Gauteng Province, South Africa

FIGURE 5. Malapa specimen UW 88-1299, right maxillary fragment with M2 and M3 (left). Malapa specimen UW 88- 1205, left maxillary fragment with M1 (right).

Fig. 6 in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 10 selected brachiopod faunas from uppermost Arenigian–middle Caradocian of South China, Kazakhstan, Avalonia, Sibumasu, and Laurentia, performed using PAST (Hammer et al. 2004). Data matrix: variance−covariance; Algorithm: singular value decomposition (SVD). See Fig. 5 for abbreviations of the faunas and Appendix 1 for number codes.

Fig. 1 in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 1. Location map of the study area. A. Map of China, with the South China palaeoplate outlined by thick line; inset box enlarged as B. B. The border region between Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces; inset enlarged as C. C. Detailed map of the Shizigou Valley section near the Weixin County town, with the fossil locality marked by solid triangle.

Fig. 4 in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 4. Stratigraphical range and relative abundance of brachiopod species in the Shihtzupu Formation, Shizigou Valley section near the Weixin County town, Yunnan Province.

Fig. 2 in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 2. Middle Ordovician sedimentary facies on the Yangtze Platform, South China palaeoplate (modified from Zhang et al. 2002), with three fossil localities discussed in the text: 1, Shihtzupu Formation at Shizigou Valley near the Weixin County town, Yunnan Province; 2, Type area of Shihtzupu Formation at Donggongsi, Zunyi, Guizhou Province; 3, Dashaba Formation at Shuanghe, Changning, Sichuan Province.

Fig. 15. A–C in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 15. A–C. Tritoechia sp. A. NIGP139165, dorsal internal mould (A1) and latex cast (A2) with enlarged view of cardinalia (A3). B. NIGP139166, dorsal internal mould. C. NIGP139167, ventral internal (C1) and latex cast (C2). D. Peritritoechia imbricatia? Xu, Rong, and Liu, 1974; NIGP139168, ventral internal mould (D1) with local enlargement (D2) showing muscle field and pedicle epithelium. E. Porambonites transversus Xu, Rong, and Liu, 1974; NIGP139169, ventral and dorsal views (E1, E2) of internal mould, ventral external mould (E3) and enlarged view of beaded costellae (E4).

Fig. 13. A–I in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 13. A–I. Leptestiina veturna sp. nov. A. NIGP139145, paratype, ventral internal mould. B. NIGP139146, paratype, ventral internal mould. C. NIGP139147, holotype, ventral internal mould (C1) and latex cast (C2). D. NIGP139148, paratype, ventral internal mould. E. NIGP139149, paratype, ventral internal mould (E1) and latex cast (E2). F. NIGP139150, paratype, dorsal internal mould. G. NIGP139151, paratype, three dorsal external moulds, with dorsal external mould of Leptellinidae gen. et sp. nov. (to be erected by Zhan and Jin in press) (second from right). H. NIGP139152, paratype, dorsal external mould (H1) and latex cast (H2); note also ventral interarea. I. NIGP139153, paratype, broken dorsal internal mould. J. Strophomenid gen. et sp. indeterminate; NIGP139154, dorsal internal mould (J1) and latex cast (J2), together with a dorsal internal mould of Leptellina spatiosa sp. nov. (top).

Fig. 5 in Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician Shihtzupu Formation of Yunnan Province, China

Fig. 5. Cluster analysis of 10 brachiopod faunas from uppermost Arenigian to middle Caradocian, using the algorithm of paired group and Raup−Crick similarity (PAST, Hammer et al. 2004). Abbreviations: ZY, Shihtzupu Formation, Zunyi (type locality), northern Guizhou Province; WX, Shihtzupu Formation, Weixin, northeastern Yunnan Province; CN, Dashaba Formation, Changning, southeastern Sichuan Province; YC, Miaopo Formation, Yichang, western Hubei Province; NQ, Siliangssu Formation, Ningqiang, southern Shaanxi Province; CK, Houping Formation, Chengkou, northern Chongqing; BM, Naungkangyi Group and its equivalents (Caradocian), Shan States, Burma; KZ, Uzunbulak Formation (Darriwilian), Chu−Ili Mountains, southern Kazakhstan; NF, Unnamed Ordovician tuffs (Darriwilian), Virgin Arm, Newfoundland; AP, Lenoir Formation (Darriwilian), eastern United States.

Fig.. 3. Simocyon batalleri, MNCN B−3458, Batallones−1, Madrid Province, Spain, cranium in left lateral view. A. Photograph. B. Schematic drawing showing the main anatomical features of this view (artwork by M. Antón). in Ailurid carnivoran mammal Simocyon from the late Miocene of Spain and the systematics of the genus

Fig.. 3. Simocyon batalleri, MNCN B−3458, Batallones−1, Madrid Province, Spain, cranium in left lateral view. A. Photograph. B. Schematic drawing showing the main anatomical features of this view (artwork by M. Antón).

Figure 5 in Notes on the electric organ discharges (EODs) of four Mormyrus-species (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Nilo-Sahelo-Sudan ichthyofaunal province of Africa

Figure 5. - Scatterplot of logarithmic total signal duration in µs versus logarithmic peak of fast Fourier transformation in Hz. Each symbol represents a single EOD from M. caschive (open triangle, n = 8), M. hasselquistii (open inverse triangle, n = 31), M. kannume (filled triangle, n = 3) and M. rume (filled inverse triangle, n = 7).

Figure 4 in Notes on the electric organ discharges (EODs) of four Mormyrus-species (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Nilo-Sahelo-Sudan ichthyofaunal province of Africa

Figure 4. - Boxplots of selected signal characteristics. A: Total EOD duration in µs; B: Relative amplitude of main positive phase; C: Peak frequency of fast Fourier transformation in Hz.

Figure 3 in Notes on the electric organ discharges (EODs) of four Mormyrus-species (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Nilo-Sahelo-Sudan ichthyofaunal province of Africa

Figure 3. - Exemplary AC coupled measurements of electric organ discharges (EODs) of Mormyrus species. A: M. caschive, 97 mm SL, White Nile at Kosti, Sudan. B: M. kannume, 169 mm SL, White Nile at Khartoum, Sudan. C: M. hasselquistii, 188 mm SL, Mare Diwouni, Pendjari National Park, Benin. D: M. rume, 230 mm SL, Ouémé at Kpoto, Benin.

Figure 2 in Notes on the electric organ discharges (EODs) of four Mormyrus-species (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Nilo-Sahelo-Sudan ichthyofaunal province of Africa

Figure 2. - AC coupled measurement of electric organ discharge (EOD) of Mormyrus caschive (97 mm SL; White Nile at Kosti, Sudan) showing nomenclature of waveform characteristics as used in this study. m-POS = main positive phase; m-NEG = main negative phase; p-POS = posterior positive phase. Beginning and end of the signal is given by exceeding 1.5% of the total amplitude; beginning and end of phases within the signal by zero-crossings.

Figure 1 in Notes on the electric organ discharges (EODs) of four Mormyrus-species (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Nilo-Sahelo-Sudan ichthyofaunal province of Africa

Figure 1. - Outline of the African continent showing sampling sites of the study. Only sampled river systems are displayed.

Fig. 1 in Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in commercial cotton fields in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Fig. 1. Map of the Punjab Province in Pakistan showing the locations of whitefly sample collections, and distribution of the Asia II-1 mitotype of Bemisia tabaci, represented by the star symbol.

Fig. 4 in Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in commercial cotton fields in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Fig. 4. Median-joining network analysis of Asia II-1 sequences (= 0). Yellow circles indicate Bemisia tabaci haplotypes, and the size of the circle reflects relative abundance. The black lines indicate the extents of relatedness between haplotypes, and the red numbers placed on each line indicate the number of mutations.

Fig. 3 in Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in commercial cotton fields in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Fig. 3. Corrected pairwise distances and number of haplotypes within Asia II-1 sequences per district. The error bars indicate the extent of the standard error.

Fig. 2 in Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in commercial cotton fields in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among members of the Bemisia tabaci complex found in Asia, based on the 3′-mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI-3′). All whiteflies collected for this study during 2014 to 2016, were identified as the Asia II-1 mitotype. The sequence of the Bemisia afer species was used as 'outgroup' to root the tree. The sequences in the upper-most collapsed clade clustered all of the sequences obtained in this study.