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993 results for “T Dwarfs”
Figure 8 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago
Figure 8. Photographs showing lateral views of noseleafs of selected individuals (including holotypes of new species) of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex representing molecular Lineage 1a (= cohenae sp. nov.; a–b), Lineage 1b (= mabuensis sp. nov.; c) and Clade 2 (= mossambicus sp. nov.; d–f). a = DM 7886 (cohenae sp. nov.;Barberton Tunnel, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa); b = DM 8626 (cohenae sp. nov.; Barberton Tunnel, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa; Holotype); c = DM 10842 (mabuensis sp. nov.; Mt Mabu, Mozambique; Holotype); d = DM 8578 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Niassa Game Reserve, Mozambique; Holotype); e = DM 8579 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Chinizuia, Mozambique); f = DM 8577 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Namapa, Mozambique). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g008
Global color maps of dwarf planet (1) Ceres from Dawn Framing Camera images
<p>These are global maps of dwarf planet (1) Ceres described in "Resolved spectrophotometric properties of the Ceres surface from Dawn Framing Camera images" by <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.026">Schröder <em>et al</em>., Icarus 288 (2017) 201-225</a> (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.08550">arXiv</a>). Global color maps created from these data files are shown in Fig. 7 of that paper.</p> <p>These files contain global maps of the photometrically corrected reflectance of the Ceres surface, with one map for each of the 7 narrow-band filter of the Dawn framing camera (FC2). Photometrically corrected reflectance means observed reflectance divided by model reflectance, and the global average of the photometrically corrected reflectance is unity by definition. The model is the Akimov photometric model with parameters valid for global average Ceres and an upper limit of 80° for the photometric angles. The model reflectance was calculated with surface topography derived from a global shape model. Global maps were created as the median of projected individual images of the photometrically corrected reflectance. The IMG and FITS files contain the data in floating point format. The PNG files are provided for visual reference.</p>
Data from: Dense dwarfs versus gelatinous giants: the trade-offs and physiological limits determining the body plan of planktonic filter feeders
Most marine plankton have a high energy (carbon) density, but some are gelatinous with approximately hundred times more watery bodies. How do those distinctly different body plans emerge and what are the trade-offs? We address this question by modeling the energy budget of planktonic filter feeders across life forms from micron-sized unicellular microbes like choanoflagellates to centimeter-sized gelatinous tunicates such as salps. We find two equally successful strategies, one being small with high energy density (dense dwarf), and the other being large with low energy density (gelatinous giant). The constraint that forces large - but not small - filter feeders to be gelatinous is identified as a lower limit to the size-specific filter area, below which the energy costs lead to starvation. A further limit is found from the maximum size-specific motor force that restricts the access to optimum strategies. The quantified constraints are discussed in the context of other resource acquisition strategies. We argue that interception feeding strategies can only be accessed by large organisms if they are gelatinous. On the other hand, organisms that use remote prey sensing do not need to be gelatinous, even if they are large.
Data from: Evolution of extreme ontogenetic allometric diversity and heterochrony in pythons, a clade of giant and dwarf snakes
Ontogenetic allometry, how species change with size through their lives, and heterochony, a decoupling between shape, size and age, are major contributors to biological diversity. However, macro-evolutionary allometric and heterochronic trends remain poorly understood because previous studies have focused on small groups of closely related species. Here we focus on testing hypotheses about the evolution of allometry and how allometry and heterochrony drive morphological diversification at the level of an entire species-rich and diverse clade. Pythons are a useful system due to their remarkably diverse and well-adapted phenotypes and extreme size disparity. We collected detailed phenotype data on 40 of the 44 species of python from 1,191 specimens. We used a suite of analyses to test for shifts in trajectories that modify morphological diversity. Heterochrony is the main driver of initial divergence within python clades, and shifts in the slopes of allometric trajectories make exploration of novel phenotypes possible later in divergence history. We found that allometric coefficients are highly evolvable and there is an association between ontogenetic allometry and ecology, suggesting that allometry is both labile and adaptive rather than a constraint on possible phenotypes.
Data from: Selective spore germination on shoots of Homalothecium lutescens, a moss with dwarf males
Spores from three bryophyte species with dwarf males (Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium sericeum and Isothecium alopecuroides) were sown on shoots of H. lutescens in vitro. After 10 months, presence and fertility of dwarf plants were scored. Spores of the more distantly related I. alopecuroides were unable to develop into dwarf plants on H. lutescens. Spores of both H. lutescens and H. sericeum developed into dwarf plants. In fact, dwarf plants of H. sericeum were both more abundant and more often fertile than those of H. lutescens. The ability of H. sericeum spores to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests a possible pathway for hybridization between the two species. On the other hand, the inability of I. alopecuroides to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests that regulation of spore germination and dwarf male development on host shoots is associated with the degree of relatedness between species.
Data from: Wild dwarf mongooses produce general alert and predator-specific alarm calls
Many species produce alarm calls in response to predator threats. Whilst these can be general alert calls, some are urgency-based, indicating perceived threat level, some are predator-specific, indicating the predator type present, and some encode information about both urgency level and predator type. Predator-specific calls given to a narrow range of stimuli and which elicit a specific, adaptive, response from the receiver are termed functionally referential. Differing escape strategies, habitat structural complexity and sociality may favor the evolution of functionally referential calls. A study of one captive group of dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) suggested their alarm calls could transmit information about species, distance, and elevation of predators. Using recordings of natural predator encounters, predator presentations and audio playbacks, we investigated the alarm-call system in 7 wild dwarf mongoose groups. We recorded 11 different alarm-call types given to 9 stimulus categories. Of the 5 commonly emitted alarm-call types, 3 appeared to be non-specific and 2 predator-specific, given to aerial and terrestrial predators respectively. The remaining 6 call types were rarely produced. Furthermore, aerial alarms were given to a narrower range of stimuli than their terrestrial alarm calls, which were given to both visible terrestrial predators and secondary cues of predators. Unlike other mongoose species, dwarf mongoose seem to use the same alarm-call type for both physically present terrestrial predators and secondary cues of their presence. We argue that detailed knowledge of species' alarm-call systems under natural conditions can shed light on the evolutionary emergence of different types of alarm calls.
FIGURE 3 in Pediobius sasae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a new species from galls on dwarf bamboo (Sasa nipponica) in Japan
FIGURE 3. Pediobius sasae sp. nov. Habitus, lateral view, male.
FIGURE 3 in Pediobius sasae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a new species from galls on dwarf bamboo (Sasa nipponica) in Japan
FIGURE 3. Pediobius sasae sp. nov. Habitus, lateral view, male.
FIGURE 5 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 5. Tree ferns (Cyathaea manniana) at the type locality of Nectophrynoides paulae.
FIGURE 3. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5624 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 3. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5624 in life.
FIGURE 1 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 1. Location of the Ukaguru Mountains, forest reserves demarcation and collecting site.
FIGURE 2. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5629 in A new dwarf forest toad (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Nectophrynoides) from the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania
FIGURE 2. Nectophrynoides paulae, male paratype MTSN5629 in life.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of dwarf chameleon (Sauria; Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion Fitzinger) from KwaZulu Natal South Africa with notes on recent climatic shifts and their influence on speciation in the genus
FIGURE 5. Bradypodion ngomeense sp. nov. Adult female, Ngome Forest, KZN.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of dwarf chameleon (Sauria; Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion Fitzinger) from KwaZulu Natal South Africa with notes on recent climatic shifts and their influence on speciation in the genus
FIGURE 4. Bradypodion ngomeense sp. nov. Adult male, Ngome Forest, KZN.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of dwarf chameleon (Sauria; Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion Fitzinger) from KwaZulu Natal South Africa with notes on recent climatic shifts and their influence on speciation in the genus
FIGURE 3. Head detail of Bradypodion ngomeense sp. nov. Adult male.
FIGURE 3 in From a dwarf to a giant: Revalidation of Callulops valvifer (Barbour, 1910), (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)
FIGURE 3. Landscape along the road from Fakfak Town to Kokas where Callulops valvifer was found.
FIGURE 2 in From a dwarf to a giant: Revalidation of Callulops valvifer (Barbour, 1910), (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)
FIGURE 2. Dorsolateral and ventral view of a preserved juvenile Callulops valvifer (NME A 1925/13).
FIGURE 6 in Channa andrao, a new species of dwarf snakehead from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Channidae)
FIGURE 6. Lefraguri swamp, West Bengal, type locality of Channa andrao (photo: C. Kanele).
FIGURE 2. Channa andrao, BMNH 2013.10.1.3–11 in Channa andrao, a new species of dwarf snakehead from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Channidae)
FIGURE 2. Channa andrao, BMNH 2013.10.1.3–11, paratype, 95.5 mm SL, live coloration.
FIGURE 3. Channa bleheri, ZFMK 16555 in Channa andrao, a new species of dwarf snakehead from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Channidae)
FIGURE 3. Channa bleheri, ZFMK 16555, holotype, 105.7 mm SL.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.