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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
Fig. 6 in Gyliotrachela cultura, a new species of terrestrial microsnail (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) from Thailand
Fig. 6. Live Gyliotrachela cultura, new species, in situ.
Interspecific tandem flights in nocturnally migrating terrestrial birds
<p>We report some interspecific nocturnal tandem flights involving the Eurasian woodcock and other terrestrial non-passerine species such as the Japanese green pigeon in two bird observatories in northern Japan. Our observation suggests that this previously undescribed interspecific interaction may be a novel form of commensalism or mutualism in nocturnal migrants. Here we upload the supporting dataset that includes the date and time, abundance, the presence/absence of nocturnal flight calls, flight direction, flight altitude, and observation location for each observed pass-by species. </p>
Dataset used for analyzing the critical area thresholds for undergoing rapid increases of established non-native terrestrial vertebrates in global islands
<p>Biological invasions are among the threats to global biodiversity and social sustainability, especially on islands. Identifying the threshold of area at which non-native species begin to increase abruptly is crucial for the early prevention strategies. The small-island effect (SIE) was proposed to quantify the nonlinear relationship between native species richness and area but has not yet been applied to non-native species and thus to predict the key breakpoints at which established non-native species start to increase rapidly. Here, based on the extensive global dataset including 769 non-native bird, mammal, amphibian, and reptile species established on 4,277 islands across 54 archipelagos, we detected a high prevalence of SIEs across 66.7% of archipelagos, and approximately 50% of islands have reached the threshold area and thus may be undergoing a rapid increase of biological invasions. SIEs were more likely to occur in those archipelagos with more non-native species introduction events, more established historical non-native species, lower habitat diversity and larger archipelago area range. Our findings may have important implications not only for targeted surveillance of biological invasions on global islands but also for predicting the responses of both non-native and native species to ongoing habitat fragmentation under sustained land-use modification and climate change.</p>
Data from: Trends in habitat quality and habitat degradation within terrestrial protected areas
<p>Please see the paper<strong> "Trends in habitat quality and habitat degradation within terrestrial protected areas"</strong> for the definition of habitat quality, habitat degradation and different threats.</p> <p>This dataset describes global habitat quality and degradation for 2020, with a resolution of 250 m. Values of habitat quality and total habitat degradation can be used directly. <strong>Of note, values of habitat degradation caused by each threat should be multiplied by the relative threat weights before use.</strong> The details are as follows:</p> <ol> <li>"quality_c_2020.tif" represents habitat quality.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_2020.tif" represents total habitat degradation which is caused by all 5 threats.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_NonIrriCrp_2020.tif" represents habitat degradation caused by non-irrigated cropland, and should be multiplied by 0.2145 before use.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_IrriCrp_2020.tif" represents habitat degradation caused by irrigated cropland, and should be multiplied by 0.2292 before use.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_CrpVeg_2020.tif" represents habitat degradation caused by mosaic cropland-vegetation, and should be multiplied by 0.1623 before use.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_VegCrp_2020.tif" represents habitat degradation caused by mosaic vegetation-cropland, and should be multiplied by 0.0541 before use.</li> <li>"deg_sum_c_Urban_2020.tif" represents habitat degradation caused by urban areas, and should be multiplied by 0.3400 before use.</li> </ol> <p>Besides, "InputData_forR.zip" provides data on protected-area-level habitat quality and habitat degradation, which is for statistical analyses by R in the paper "Trends in habitat quality and habitat degradation within terrestrial protected areas".</p>
The role of OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals in estimating global terrestrial net ecosystem exchanges
<p>1.<strong>Exp_OCO3.zip </strong> includes regional posterior carbon fluxes from the assimilation using OCO-3 observations.</p> <p>2.<strong>Exp_OCO2.zip </strong> includes regional posterior carbon fluxes from the assimilation using OCO-2 observations.</p> <p>3.<strong>Exp_OCO3&2.zip </strong> includes regional posterior carbon fluxes from the joint assimilation using OCO-3 and OCO-2 observations together.</p> <p>4.<strong>posterior.fluxes.Exp_OCO3.nc </strong>includes information on the spatial distribution of annual as well as monthly posterior carbon fluxes from the assimilation using OCO-3 observations during August 2019 to December 2022.</p> <p>5.<strong>posterior.fluxes.Exp_OCO2.nc </strong>includes information on the spatial distribution of annual as well as monthly posterior carbon fluxes from the assimilation using OCO-2 observations during August 2019 to December 2022.</p> <p>6.<strong>posterior.fluxes.Exp_OCO3&2.nc </strong>includes information on the spatial distribution of annual as well as monthly posterior carbon fluxes from the joint assimilation using OCO-3 and OCO-2 observations together during August 2019 to December 2022.</p> <p>7.<strong>evaluation_result.txt</strong> includes the results of the evaluation of posterior carbon fluxes using independent CO2 observations from 66 surface flask sites.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Рис. 1. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) Fig. 1. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) in Terrestrial Orthopteroid insects (Insecta, Orthopteroidea) of South-Eastern Belarus
Рис. 1. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) Fig. 1. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792)
Combined data file for Jokinen et al. "Terrestrial organic matter input drives sedimentary trace metal sequestration in a human-impacted boreal estuary", Science of the Total Environment 717, 2020
<p>The datafile contains all the new raw data presented in the figures in the publication.</p>
Code and data for: Evolutionary assembly of the plant terrestrialization toolkit from protein domains
<p><strong>Evolutionary assembly of the plant terrestrialization toolkit from protein domains</strong></p> <ul> <li>We want to trace the evolutionary predisposition the green lineage had at the time of terrestrialization.</li> <li>Terrestrialization is a complete change in environment from water, and these acted like new and/or intensified stress factors on the green lineage.</li> <li>Thus, in order to trace the evolutionary predisposition which led to successful overcoming of challenges of a new environment, we carefully annotate, dissect and analyse the stress proteome of the extant Green lineage.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Key Concepts</strong></p> <ul> <li>Already existing Concept: <ul> <li>Orthology</li> </ul> </li> <li>New/Redefined Concept <ul> <li>Embryophytic Domain: Protein domain which has an Embryophytic ancestor, that is, present in at least one Bryophyte species and at least one Tracheophyte species</li> <li>Latent Genetic Potential (LGP): Key (functional) Embryophytic protein domains having Last Common Ancestor (LCA) prior to the LCA of protein with corresponding function</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Data: (Figure 1 A)</strong></p> <ul> <li>We take 6 species from Cholorophyte algae lineage, 7 from Streptophyte algae lineage, 5 from Bryophyte lineage and 14 from Tracheophyte lineage. 5 species from Cyanobacteria were taken as an outgroup lineage.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Stress-annotation (Figure 1B)</strong></p> <ul> <li>First 57,796 orthogroups were obtained from 37 proteome. This is computed by using OrthoFinder2.</li> <li>Next we need to annotate stress-related proteins across our dataset. Following are existing ways of annotation: <ul> <li>Extensive experiments have been done on <em>A.thaliana</em> and <em>P.patens</em> in the green lineage. Thus, we stress-annotated 37 proteomes using TAIR10 and PEATmoss respectively. From this method, we stress-annotated 4,902 orthogroups</li> <li>Eggnogmapper is a known tool with an extensive database used for gene ontology purposes. We stress-annotated 17,349 orthogroups.</li> </ul> </li> <li>In order to avoid experimental bias and tool-based randomness we overlap the two methods to have our final stress-annotation. We finally filtered 2,475 stress-annotated orthogroups from 57,796 orthogroups.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Overview of Stress-annotation (Figure 1C, 1D)</strong></p> <ul> <li>To have an overview of stress-annotation, overlaps of stress-annotated protein domains, proteins and orthogroups across our dataset lineages and various response to stresses are shown.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Distribution of Stress-annotation (Figure 2)</strong></p> <ul> <li>Using the overlap annotation approach explained earlier, the stress-annotated orthogroups and corresponding protein domains are in Figure 2A. A standard pattern is observed in both, that is, the unique number of stress orthogroups and protein domains increase from Cyanobacteria to Tracheophytes. The number of proteins and average number of protein domains also increases similarly.</li> <li>Top 10 bursts of protein domains from one lineage to the next is shown in Figure 2B.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Changes in stress-annotation with respect to Protein Domains (Figure 3)</strong></p> <ul> <li>Figure 3 is a 4-dimensional plot with the following parameters: Species(37), Protein Domains (100), Number of Orthgogroups with Protein Domain (size of circle), Number of Proteins with Protein Domain (Color of circle). The plot is sorted from top to bottom based on the number of orthogroups, and the top 100 protein domains are chosen for the plot.</li> <li>This plot is used to express an overview of the most significant occurances of sub- and neo-functionalizations. Here, each orthogroup is considered to be a protein family. 2 protein families can have an overlapping number of functions. That is why there are more than 1 orthogroup which have the same protein domain.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Assembling LGP from protein domains (Figure 4) - refer to Key Concepts to understand LGP</strong></p> <ul> <li>In Figure 1A, we show 2 categories (x/y) of orthogroups at each node (a,b,c,d,e,f). The number <strong>y</strong> for example at node <strong>b</strong> indicates the number of orthogroups (4) in Tracheophyta+Bryophyta+Zygnemaotphyceae that have LGP (or key Embryophytic protein domains) in Charophyceae. The number <strong>x</strong> at node <strong>b</strong> indicates the number of orthogroups (131) in Tracheophyta+Bryophyta+Zygnemaotphyceae that have LGP in all the rest of the lineages (Charophyceae+Klebsormidiophyceae+Chlorokybophyceae+Mesostigmatophyceae+Chlorophytes) in the figure.</li> <li>Since we are concerned about the LGP for Land Plants (Embryophytes), we look at node <strong>a</strong>. Next, we functionally annotate 96 orthogroups. 50 annotations that occur the most number of times is shown in Figure 4B.</li> <li>In Figure 4C, we can see in which species the key Embryophytic Domains are present whose proteins and protein families are only seen in Embryophytes.</li> </ul> <p>Thus, from the final figure we can trace the LGP present at the time of terrestrialization in the LCA of Land Plants.</p> <p><strong>Database files:</strong> These are intermediate files used in code for different figures. Following is the link to access them:<a href="https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mnrn7j7hrw/draft?a=b981b40f-01a8-48ff-9d6a-151f6223810c" rel="nofollow">https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mnrn7j7hrw/draft?a=b981b40f-01a8-48ff-9d6a-151f6223810c</a> [OR]<a href="https://owncloud.gwdg.de/index.php/s/dH3Y4MAHSfbmhrA" rel="nofollow">https://owncloud.gwdg.de/index.php/s/dH3Y4MAHSfbmhrA</a></p>
Data from: Age dominates flight distance and duration, while body size shapes flight speed in Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
<p>Flight plays crucial role in the fitness of insect pollinators, such as bumble bees. Despite their relatively large body size compared to their wings, bumble bees can fly under difficult ambient conditions, such as cooler temperatures. While their body size is often positively linked to their foraging range and flight ability, the influence of age remains less explored. Here, we studied the flight performance (distance, duration, and speed) of aging bumble bee workers using tethered flight mills. Additionally, we measured their intertegular distance (ITD) and dry mass as proxies for their body size. We found that flight distance and duration was predominantly influenced by age, challenging assumptions that age does not play a key role in foraging and task allocation. From the age of 7 to 14 days, flight distance and duration increased six-fold and five-fold, respectively. Conversely, body size primarily impacted the maximum and average flight speed of workers. Our findings indicate that age substantially influences flight distance and duration in bumble bee workers, affecting foraging performance and potentially altering task allocation strategies. This underscores the importance of considering individual age and physiological changes alongside body size/mass in experiments involving bumble bee workers.</p>
Estimation results of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020
<p><span><span>基于美国国家航空航天局(NASA)2010年发布的碳密度数据以及2000—2020年气温、降水、NDVI等多种影响因素,采用多模式耦合法与inVEST模式相结合,估算新疆陆地生态系统碳储量。</span></span> <span><span>数据的空间分辨率为1KM,碳储量单位为Tg<strong><span><span>(T</span><span>=10<sup>12</sup></span><span>)</span> </span></strong></span></span></p>
Reevaluating the Little Ice Age: Novel insights from oceanic and terrestrial records on unexpected warm winters
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A Novel Surface Energy Balance Method for Thermal Inertia Studies of Terrestrial Analogs
<p>Thermophysical data collected from Woodhouse Mesa, AZ, USA in May 2021 and Sept 2022</p>
Raised bogs are the key source of methane in West Siberia terrestrial seeps
<p>The expansive plains of western Siberia contain globally significant carbon stocks, with the largest peatland complex in the world overlying the planet's largest known hydrocarbon basin. Numerous terrestrial methane seeps have been recently discovered on this landscape, located along the Ob and Irtysh River floodplains in hotspots covering more than 2,500 km<sup>2</sup>. The origin of methane from these seeps is a matter of both practical and academic interest. The release of even negligible portions of western Siberia's vast carbon pool will have global climate implications. We articulated three hypotheses to explain the origin and migration pathways of methane within these seeps: (H1) uplift of Cretaceous-aged methane from deep petroleum reservoirs along faults and fractures, (H2) release of Oligocene-aged methane capped or trapped by degrading permafrost, and (H3) horizontal migration of Holocene-aged methane from surrounding peatlands. We tested these hypotheses using a range of geochemical tools on gas and water samples extracted from seeps, peatlands, and aquifers across the 120,000 km<sup>2</sup> study area. Seep-gas composition, radiocarbon age, and stable isotope fingerprints favor the peatland hypothesis of seep-methane origin. We identified the dominant metabolic pathways of mid Holocene-aged <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>, absent of oxidation, all the way from raised bogs to seeps along the floodplains of the Ob and Irtysh Rivers. Observed <sup>13</sup>C-depletion of methane, along with concentration decreases between source and seeps, could be associated with mixing between two sources with different conditions for methane production: raised bogs with CO<sub>2</sub> reduction methanogenesis and groundwater with acetate fermentation methanogenesis. Our findings highlight the importance of lateral migration between typical boreal landscapes via groundwater, implying intimate connections between them. Lateral migration may result in high methane emissions from groundwater-fed rivers of the region. These methane hotspots could be potentially overlooked in the West Siberia Lowlands and other bog-dominated regions.</p>
Evolutionary assembly of the plant terrestrialization toolkit from protein domains
<p>Land plants (embryophytes) came about in a momentous evolutionary singularity: plant terrestrialization. This event marks not only the conquest of land by plants but also the massive radiation of embryophytes into a diverse array of novel forms and functions. The unique suite of traits present in the earliest land plants is thought to have been ushered in by a burst genomic novelty. Here, we asked the question of how these bursts were possible. For this, we used phylostratigraphy to explore the (i) initial emergence and (ii) reshuffling of domains to give rise to hallmark environmental response genes of land plants. We pinpoint that a quarter of the embryophytic stress physiology is specific to the lineage, yet a significant portion of this novelty arises not de novo but from re-shuffling and recombining of pre-existing domains. Our data suggest that novel combinations of old genomic substrates shaped the plant terrestrialization toolkit, including hallmark processes in signaling, biotic interactions, and specialized metabolism.</p>
Data and Code for "No general support of functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities"
<p>The data and code provided here is to support the study "No general support of functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities" </p> <p>This repository contains the following files:</p> <p> The code to reproduce main analysisi and graphs in R and HTML format</p> <ul> <li>RcodeNoGeneralSupport.R</li> <li>RcodeNoGeneralSupport.html</li> </ul> <p>The data to be used for the different analyses</p> <ul> <li>ResilienceFDIndices.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-BiomassH.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-BiomassW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-CompositionW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-Herbaceous.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-woody.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-BiomassH.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-BiomassW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-CompositionW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-herbaceous.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-woody.csv</li> </ul> <p>The detailed information for each variable in each data set</p> <ul> <li>README.txt</li> </ul>
Fig. 2 in Formation Dynamics Of Herpetocomplexes On Sections Of Secondary Succession In Terrestrial Ecosystems Of Belarus
Fig. 2. Dynamics of number the herpetoсomplexes on the plots of secondary succession.
Data from: Flexible oviposition behavior enabled the evolution of terrestrial reproduction
<p>In vertebrates, nearly all oviparous animals are considered to have either obligate aquatic or terrestrial oviposition, with eggs that are specialized for developing in those environments. The terrestrial environment has considerably more oxygen but is dry and thus presents both opportunities and challenges for developing embryos, particularly those adapted for aquatic development. Here, we present evidence from field experiments examining egg-laying behavior, egg size and egg jelly function of 13 species of Central and South American treefrogs in the genus <em>Dendropsophus, </em>which demonstrates that flexible oviposition (individuals laying eggs both in and out of water) and eggs capable of both aquatic and terrestrial development are the likely factors which enable the transition from aquatic to terrestrial reproduction. Nearly half of the species we studied had previously undescribed degrees of flexible oviposition. Species with obligate terrestrial reproduction have larger eggs than species with aquatic reproduction, and species with flexible reproduction have eggs of intermediate sizes. Obligate terrestrial breeding frogs also have egg masses that absorb water more quickly than those with flexible oviposition. We also examined eight populations of a single species, <em>Dendropsophus ebraccatus</em>, and document substantial intraspecific variation in terrestrial oviposition; populations in rainy, stable climates lay fewer eggs in water than those in drier areas. However, no differences in egg size were found, supporting the idea that the behavioral component of oviposition evolves before other adaptations associated with obligate terrestrial reproduction. Collectively, these data demonstrate the key role that behavior can have in facilitating major evolutionary transitions.</p>
Figure 1 in Mollusca (terrestrial and marine Gastropods et Bivalvia) from Morocco
Figure 1. Localities of the collected samples on the territory if Morocco.
Supporting information for the paper "Evidence of a new population of weak Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes observed from aircraft altitude" by I. Bjørge-Engeland et al.
<p>Supporting data for the paper "Evidence of a new population of weak Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes observed from aircraft altitude" by I. Bjørge-Engeland et al. </p>
volatile organic compounds that were measred at the Dead Sea - Israel (both terrestrial and coastal; Anthropogenic and biogenic)
<p>Multiple VOCs (biogenic and anthropogenic) were sampled by our research group at various terrestrial and coastal sites around the Dead Sea (Israel). Analysis was conducted by Prof. Donald Blake, and the data were included in a publication available at <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7667/2019/" target="_new" rel="noreferrer">https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/19/7667/2019/</a>.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.