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2,096 results for “Tracts”
Figure 4 in A new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with additional data on the anatomy of the reproductive tract
Figure 4 Thraulodes latinus sp. nov., nymph. A- Habitus; B-H- Mouthparts, labrum (B); left mandible (C); right mandible (D); hypopharynx (E); maxilla (F-G) and labium (H).
Figure 3 in Morphology of the male reproductive tract in the water scavenger beetle Tropisternus collaris Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Figure 3 Histology of the male reproductive tract of T. collaris. (A and B) Cross section of the glandular region showing the tubular accessory gland (ag1) and bean-shaped gland (ag2). The arrowhead indicates the epithelial folds, and the arrows point to the region of the secretory epithelium. Note the secretion accumulated in the lumen of the beanshaped gland (asterisk). (C and D) Cross section of a seminal vesicle (sv) with simple epithelium (arrow), and lumen full of spermatozoa (asterisk). In (D) detail of the epithelium (ep) and the external muscular layer (m). Bars: A = 200 µm, B and C = 100 µm, D = 25 µm.
Figure 8 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand
Figure 8. Comparison of abundance of plastics among fishes from different habitat groups (demersal, benthopelagic, and pelagic fishes).
Data from: Stable isotope labeled n-alkanes to assess digesta passage kinetics through the digestive tract of ruminants
We describe the use of carbon stable isotope (13C) labeled n-alkanes as a potential internal tracer to assess passage kinetics of ingested nutrients in ruminants. Plant cuticular n-alkanes originating from intrinsically 13C labeled ryegrass plants were pulse dosed intraruminally in four rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows receiving four contrasting ryegrass silage treatments that differed in nitrogen fertilization level (45 or 90 kg nitrogen ha−1) and maturity (early or late). Passage kinetics through the gastrointestinal tract were derived from the δ13C (i.e. the ratio 13C:12C) in apparently undigested fecal material. Isotopic enrichment was observed in a wide range of long-chain n-alkanes (C27–C36) and passage kinetics were determined for the most abundant C29, C31 and C33 n-alkanes, for which a sufficiently high response signal was detected by combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Basal diet treatment and carbon chain length of n-alkanes did not affect fractional passage rates from the rumen (K1) among individual n-alkanes (3.71–3.95%/h). Peak concentration time and transit time showed a quantitatively small, significant (p≤0.002) increase with carbon chain length. K1 estimates were comparable to those of the 13C labeled digestible dry matter fraction (3.38%/h; r = 0.61 to 0.71; p≤0.012). A literature review has shown that n-alkanes are not fermented by microorganisms in the rumen and affirms no preferential depletion of 13C versus 12C. Our results suggest that 13C labeled n-alkanes can be used as nutrient passage tracers and support the reliability of the δ13C signature of digestible feed nutrients as a tool to measure nutrient-specific passage kinetics.
Data from: Portable bacteria-capturing chip for direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering identification of urinary tract infection pathogens
Acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common nosocomial bacterial infections, which affect almost 50% of the population at least once in their lifetime. UTIs may lead to lethal consequences if they are left undiagnosed and untreated properly. Early, rapid and accurate uropathogens detection methods play a pivotal role in clinical process. In this work, a portable bacteria-grasping surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip for identification of three species of uropathogens (E. coli CFT 073, P. aeruginosa PAO1, and P. mirabilis PRM1) directly from culture matrix was reported. The chip was firstly modified with a positively-charged NH3+ group, which enable itself grasp the negatively-charged bacterial cells through the electrostatic adsorption principle. After the bacterial cells were captured by the chip, concentrated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were used to obtain their Raman fingerprint spectra with recognizable characteristic peaks and good reproducibility. With the help of chemometric method such as discriminant analysis (DA), the SERS based chip allows a rapid, successful identification of three species of UTI bacteria with a minimal bacterial concentration (105 cells/mL) required for clinical diagnostics. In addition, this chip could spot the bacterial SERS fingerprints information directly from LB culture medium and artificial urine without sample pre-treatment. The portable bacteria-grasping SERS based chip provides a possibility for fast and easy detection of uropathogens, and viability of future development in healthcare applications.
Figure 7 in The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance
Figure 7. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Androprosopa japonica (Thaumaleidae). B, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5D). C, Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Ceratopogonidae) [modified from Pomerantzev (1932)]. D, Chironomus plumosus (L.) (Chironomidae) [modified from Wensler & Rempel (1962)]. E, Austrosimulium furiosum species group (Simuliidae) (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 5E). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figure 5 in The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance
Figure 5. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Trichocera sp. (Trichoceridae). B, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). C, Dixa yamatoma (Dixidae). D, Austrothaumalea zentae (Thaumaleidae). E, Austrosimulium furiosum group (Simuliidae). F, Chironomus plumosus (Chironomidae). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figure 3 in The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance
Figure 3. Male internal reproductive organs (dorsal view). A, Hesperinus rohdendorfi (Hesperinidae). B, Plecia membranifera (Bibionidae). C, Bibio flavihalter (Bibionidae), left vas deferens and testis removed (based on the specimen photographed in Fig. 4A). D, Pachyneura fasciata (Pachyneuridae). acc gl cplx, accessory gland complex; ej dt, ejaculatory duct; tes, testis; vas df, vas deferens. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Caco-2 in vitro model of human gastrointestinal tract for studying the absorption of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles from seafood
<p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticle">Titanium dioxide nanoparticles</a> (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) are widely used in industry as a white pigment (paints, paper industry and toothpastes), photocatalysts (environmental decontamination and photovoltaic cells), inorganic UV filter (sunscreens and personal care products) and as a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/food-additive">food additive</a> (E171) and antimicrobial food packaging material. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/silver-nanoparticle">Silver nanoparticles</a> (Ag NPs) are used in photonics, microelectronics, catalysis and medicine due to their catalytic activity, magnetic and optical polarizability, electrical and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/thermal-conductivity">thermal conductivities</a> and enhanced Raman scattering. They also have antibacterial, antifungal and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/antiviral-activity">antiviral activities</a>, as well as anti-inflammatory potential. The huge increase in the use of nano-based products, mainly metallic <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/nanoparticle">NPs</a>, implies the presence of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/nanomaterial">nanomaterials</a> in the environment, and hence, the unintentional human ingestion through water or foods (gastrointestinal tract is the main pathway of NPs intake in humans).</p> <p>The presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and Ag NPs in seafood samples was firstly established using an ultrasound assisted <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/enzymatic-hydrolysis">enzymatic hydrolysis</a> procedure and sp-ICP-MS analysis. Several clams, cockles, mussels, razor clams, oysters and variegated scallops, which contain TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and Ag NPs, were subjected to an <em>in vitro</em> digestion process simulating human gastrointestinal digestion in the stomach and in the small and large intestine to determine the bioaccessibility of these NPs. Caco-2 cells were selected as model of human intestinal epithelium for transport studies because of the development of membrane transporters that are responsible for the uptake of chemicals. Parameters as transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability of Lucifer Yellow were studied for establishing cell monolayer integrity. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and Ag NPs transport as well as total Ti and Ag concentrations passing through the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier model (0–2 h) were assessed by sp-ICP-MS and ICP-MS in several molluscs.</p>
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Dataset of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles found on stomach contents of anchovy and sardines in the gulf of Cadiz (Europe)<br> Dataset with date, longitude and latitude, species, area, sub-area, distance to Guadiana river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadiana), distance to Guadalquivir river mouth measured in kilometers (Guadalquivir), distance to the Bay of Cadiz measured in kilometers (Cadiz), distance to Huelva city measured in kilometers (Huelva), Individual, size (Cm), total weight (g), stomach weight (g), Relative condition index (Kn), Gonadosomatic index (GSI), sex, number of fibres and number of “others anthropogenic particles”.</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
Fig. 4 in Isolation and identification of 18 unrecorded prokaryotic species from the intestinal tracts of aquatic animals in Korea
Fig. 4. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showing the phylogenetic relatedness between the two isolated strains belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and the type species from each genus. The tree was mainly reconstructed using the NJ, ML, and MP algorithms. The filled diamonds indicate the branches present in the phylogenetic trees reconstructed using three different tree reconstruction methods. Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values with 1000 replicates (NJ/ML/MP). Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T was used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 0.05 accumulated substitutions per nucleotide.
A Study in Adolescent and Adult Female Participants to Evaluate Clinical Symptom Improvement and the Safety of Gepotidacin During Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (Acute Cystitis)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06597344. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety With Gepotidacin in Japanese Female Participants With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (Acute Cystitis)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05630833. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Precancerous Lesions of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00524017. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Incontinence and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01108757. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effects of Upper Airway and Digestive Tract Tumors on the Immune System
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001603. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Nephroureterectomy With and Without Lymph Node Dissection for Upper Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06262516. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02930889. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
S0028, Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Cancer of the Urinary Tract
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00022633. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Nitrofurantoin and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00678041. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.