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FIGURE 3 in Type specimens of birds in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

FIGURE 3. Labels of type specimens (maintained and refuted) in the NHMO Bird Collection described by A.B. Meyer. a) Ptilopus flavovirescens NHMO-BI-59271 (original Dresden label); b) Ptilopus flavovirescens NHMO-BI-59271 (NHMO label); c) Eclectus riedeli NHMO-BI-64131 (original Dresden label); d) Eclectus riedeli NHMO-BI-64132 (original Dresden label); e) Geoffroyus timorlaoënsis NHMO-BI-64130 (original Dresden label); f) Geoffroyus timorlaoënsis NHMO-BI-64228 (original Dresden label); g) Artamus Musschenbroeki NHMO-BI-68621 (original Dresden label).

FIGURE 2 in Type specimens of birds in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

FIGURE 2. Labels of type specimens in the NHMO Bird Collection described by R. Collett. a) Petrophassa rufipennis NHMO-BI-77947 (collector's label); b) Ptilopus (Leucotreron) alligator NHMO-BI-77948 (collector's label); c) Psephotus dissimilis NHMO-BI-64125 (collector's label); d) Psephotus dissimilis NHMO-BI-64125 (NHMO label); e) Psephotus dissimilis NHMO-BI-85843 (collector's label).

FIGURE 6 in Type specimens of birds in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

FIGURE 6. Labels of type specimens in the NHMO Bird Collection described by T. Salvadori. a) Ptilotis erythropleura NHMO-BI-86778 (collector's label); b) Melanocharis chloroptera NHMO-BI-61863 (NHMO label); c) Zosterops novae guineae NHMO-BI-86649 (NHMO label); d) Dicaeum misoriense NHMO-BI-61856 (collector's label).

FIGURE 5 in Type specimens of birds in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

FIGURE 5. Eggs in the NHMO Bird Collection included as types of Catharacta skua hamiltoni Hagen, 1952 (labelled directly on the eggs by the collector). a) NHMO-BI-92659; b) NHMO-BI-92660; c) NHMO-BI-92661; d) NHMO-BI-92662; e) NHMO-BI-92663; f) NHMO-BI-92664; g) NHMO-BI-92665; h) NHMO-BI-92666; i) NHMO-BI-92668. All eggs are shown to the same scale.

FIGURE 10. a in Type specimens of birds in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway

FIGURE 10. a) Ptilopus flavovirescens NHMO-BI-59271; b) Eclectus riedeli female (lower; red) NHMO-BI-64131 and male (upper; green) NHMO-BI-64132.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. NW Madagascar, confined to the Lokobe region on Nosy Be. This may or may not be the species that occurred on the island of Nosy Komba as well, but in any case sportive lemurs have not been observed there for several years; in 2007, D. Zinner and coworkers found that some specimens from the mainland had identical mtDNA to that of the type specimen of the Nosy Be Sportive Lemur. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, confined to the Lokobe region on Nosy Be. This may or may not be the species that occurred on the island of Nosy Komba as well, but in any case sportive lemurs have not been observed there for several years; in 2007, D. Zinner and coworkers found that some specimens from the mainland had identical mtDNA to that of the type specimen of the Nosy Be Sportive Lemur.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga.

FIGURE 1. Dendarus armeniacus, type specimens. A in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Dendarus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Dendarini) from Iran, Turkmenistan and some adjacent territories

FIGURE 1. Dendarus armeniacus, type specimens. A = Lectotype, male, dorsally; B = ditto, ventrally; C = labels of the lectotype; D = type series; E = male mesotibia, ventrally; F = male mesotibia, laterally.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

Distribution. Uncertain, but the type locality is generally accepted to be Mt Kilimanjaro, NE Tanzania; there are further reports of this species throughout W & E Africa (including some recent ones from Uganda), but they cannot be confirmed since most of the specimens have been wrongly attributed. in Soricidae

Distribution. Uncertain, but the type locality is generally accepted to be Mt Kilimanjaro, NE Tanzania; there are further reports of this species throughout W & E Africa (including some recent ones from Uganda), but they cannot be confirmed since most of the specimens have been wrongly attributed.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

Distribution. Known with certainty from the type locality in N Pakistan; reported specimens from further localities in Pakistan may belong to Zarudny's White-toothed Shrew (C. zarudny). in Soricidae

Distribution. Known with certainty from the type locality in N Pakistan; reported specimens from further localities in Pakistan may belong to Zarudny's White-toothed Shrew (C. zarudny).

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).

Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae. in Muridae

Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae.

Lophuromys margarettae was initially de- scribed as a subspecies of L. aquilus and later synonymized under L. flavopunctatus. It was elevated to a distinct species based on analyses of external and skull measurements and mtDNA of specimens from the type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. Highlands of W Uganda and Kenya. in Muridae

Lophuromys margarettae was initially de- scribed as a subspecies of L. aquilus and later synonymized under L. flavopunctatus. It was elevated to a distinct species based on analyses of external and skull measurements and mtDNA of specimens from the type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. Highlands of W Uganda and Kenya.

Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. in Muridae

Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information.

FIGURE 2 in In search of some type-specimens of Rhamphus [Clairville], 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 2. Habitus and labels of: (A) Curculio pulicarius Herbst, 1795, neotype; (B) Rhamphus subaeneus Illiger, 1708 lectotype; (C) Rhamphus subaeneus Illiger, 1708 paralectotype.

FIGURE 1 in In search of some type-specimens of Rhamphus [Clairville], 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 1. (A). A page of the catalogue of the historical collection at ZMHB from numbers 54441 to 54470 (for Rhamphus see numbers 54461 and 54462). (B). Old catalogue of the collection of Hellwig and Illiger (for R. pulicarius see penultimate line). (C). Label of the series 54461 (R. pulicarius) at ZMHB. (D). Cover of the anonymous book (1798) signed by Clairville. (E) Label from the ancient collection at the NHMB. (F). A microscope slide probably including elytra and abdomen of one specimen of R. pulicarius at ZMHB. (G). A microscope slide including elytra and abdomen of one specimen of R. subaeneus at ZMHB.

FIGURE 3 in In search of some type-specimens of Rhamphus [Clairville], 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 3. Habitus and labels of: (A). Curculio oxyacanthae Marsham, 1802, neotype; (B). Rhamphus flavicornis [Clairville], 1798, neotype; (C) Rhamphus kiesenwetteri Tournier, 1873, lectotype.

FIGURE 10 in Redescriptions of the type specimens of synonymous nominal taxa of sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India

FIGURE 10. Holotype of Platurus affinis ZSI 8289, dorsal (top), ventral (middle) and lateral (bottom) aspects. Photograph by Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.

FIGURE 11 in Redescriptions of the type specimens of synonymous nominal taxa of sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India

FIGURE 11. Modified reproduction of drawing of Hydrophis melanocinctus, H. alcocki and H. neglectus type specimens from Wall (1906).

FIGURE 9 in Redescriptions of the type specimens of synonymous nominal taxa of sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India

FIGURE 9. Holotype of Hydrophis neglectus ZSI 8598, dorsal (top), ventral (middle) and lateral (bottom) aspects. Photograph by Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.