Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
3,105
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
3,105 results for “Vegetation =”
Patch size and vegetation structure drive changes to mixed-species flock diversity and composition across a gradient of fragment sizes in the Western Andes of Colombia
<p>This data set represents a series of 502 mixed-species bird flock compositions, and derived taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices, that were gathered along a gradient of forest fragment sizes (range = 10-173 ha) in the Colombian Western Andes. We sampled mixed-species flocks using transect surveys along 14 transects in 8 fragments and a continuous forest reference site in the same landscape and at the same elevation (~1900-2200 m.a.s.l.). We also used buffer analysis to quantify the proportion of forest cover and forest edge within 1 km of each transect, and calculated local vegetation density and complexity, as well as distance from edge, for each 100-meter transect segment (<em>n</em> = 70 segments). Flock composition data observed on a transect were used to calculate overall species richness and flock size as well as two indices of functional and phylogenetic diversity; we calculated the stadardized effect size (SES) of each measure to account for the correlation between these measures and species richness. We also provide the raw counts of each species for each flock composition. These data were used for the analyses in Jones and Robinson (2020). </p>
Data from: Emergence patterns of novelty in European vegetation assemblages over the past 15,000 years
Plant communities are not stable over time and biological novelty is predicted to emerge due to climate change, the introduction of exotic species and land-use change. However, the rate at which this novelty may arise over longer time periods has so far received little attention. We reconstruct the emergence of novelty in Europe for a set of baseline conditions over the past 15 000 years to assess past rates of emergence and investigate underlying causes. The emergence of novelty is baseline specific and, during the early-Holocene, was mitigated by the rapid spread of plant taxa. Although novelty generally increases as a function of time, climate and human-induced landscape changes contributed to a non-linear post-glacial trajectory of novelty with jumps corresponding to periods of rapid changes. Emergence of novelty accelerated during the past 1000 years. Historical cultural landscapes experienced a faster novelty development due to the contribution from anthropogenic land-cover changes.
Data from: Attract or defend? Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Optimal Defense Theory predicts that selection should drive plants to differentially allocate resources for herbivore defense to tissues with high fitness values. As pollen's primary role is the transport of gametes, plants may be expected to defend it from herbivory. However, for many animal-pollinated plants, pollen serves a secondary role as a pollinator reward. This may present a conflict between selection to defend pollen from herbivores and selection to reward pollinators. Here, we investigate whether pollen secondary chemistry in three pollen-rewarding Lupinus species better reflects the need to defend pollen or reward pollinators. METHODS: Lupinus (Fabaceae) species are nectarless, pollen-rewarding, and produce defensive quinolizidine and/or piperidine alkaloids throughout their tissues. We used gas chromatography to identify and quantitate the alkaloids in four above-ground tissues (pollen, flower, leaf, stem) of three western North American lupines: L. argenteus, L. bakeri, and L. sulphureus, and compared alkaloid concentrations and composition among tissues within individuals. KEY RESULTS: Pollen alkaloid concentrations were 11-35% of those concentrations in other tissues in L. argenteus and L. sulphureus. We detected no alkaloids in L. bakeri pollen, though they were present in other tissues. Alkaloid concentrations were not strongly correlated among tissues within individuals. We detected fewer alkaloids in pollen compared to other tissues and pollen contained no unique alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in these pollen-rewarding species, pollen secondary chemistry may reflect the need to attract and reward pollinators more than the need to defend pollen from herbivory.
Data from: Vegetation response to control of invasive Tamarix in southwestern US rivers: a collaborative study including 416 sites
Most studies assessing vegetation response following control of invasive Tamarix trees along southwestern U.S. rivers have been small in scale (e.g., river reach), or at a regional scale but with poor spatial-temporal replication, and most have not included testing the effects of a now widely-used biological control. We monitored plant composition following Tamarix control along hydrologic, soil and climatic gradients in 244 treated and 172 reference sites across six U.S. States. This represents the largest comprehensive assessment to date on the vegetation response to the four most common Tamarix control treatments. Biocontrol by a defoliating beetle (treatment #1) reduced the abundance of Tamarix less than active removal by mechanically using hand and chain-saws (#2), heavy machinery (#3) or burning (#4). Tamarix abundance also decreased with lower temperatures, higher precipitation, and follow-up treatments for Tamarix resprouting. Native cover generally increased over time in active Tamarix removal sites, however, the increases observed were small and was not consistently increased by active revegetation. Overall, native cover was correlated to permanent stream flow, lower grazing pressure, lower soil salinity and temperatures, and higher precipitation. Species diversity also increased where Tamarix was removed. However, Tamarix treatments, especially those generating the highest disturbance (burning and heavy machinery), also often promoted secondary invasions of exotic forbs. The abundance of hydrophytic species was much lower in treated than in reference sites, suggesting that management of southwestern U.S. rivers has focused too much on weed control, overlooking restoration of fluvial processes that provide habitat for hydrophytic and floodplain vegetation. These results can help inform future management of Tamarix-infested rivers to restore hydrogeomorphic processes, increase native biodiversity and reduce abundance of noxious species.
Messinian vegetation and climate of the intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin, NW Greece: How well do plant fossils reflect past environments?
The late Miocene is marked by pronounced environmental changes and the appearance of strong temperature and precipitation seasonality. Although environmental heterogeneity is to be expected during this time, it is challenging to reconstruct palaeoenvironments using plant fossils. We investigated leaves and dispersed spores/pollen from 6.4–6 Ma strata in the intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin (FPS) of NW Greece. To assess how well plant fossils reflect the actual vegetation of the FPS, we assigned fossil-taxa to biomes providing a measure for environmental heterogeneity. Additionally, the palynological assemblage was compared to pollen spectra from modern lake sediments to assess biases in spore/pollen representation in the pollen record. We found a close match of the Vegora assemblage with modern Fagus–Abies forests of Turkey. Using taxonomic affinities of leaf fossils, we further established close similarities of the Vegora assemblage with modern laurophyllous oak forests of Afghanistan. Finally, using information from sedimentary environment and taphonomy, we distinguished local and distantly growing vegetation types. We then subjected the plant assemblage of Vegora to different methods of climate reconstruction and discussed their potentials and limitations. Leaf and spore/pollen records allow accurate reconstructions of palaeoenvironments in the FPS, whereas extra-regional vegetation from coastal lowlands is likely not captured.
Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use
<p>Using these data we investigated the relation between vegetation structure, land use and the diversity of species and traits in butterflies for the Netherlands.</p> <p>The research paper, now accepted for publication but not yet online, in the journal "Global Ecology and Biogeography", has the title "Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use".</p> <p>Please see the methods used to create the dataset in the above mentioned manuscript.</p> <p>A description of the raster layers used in the above mentioned manuscript and available here has been uploaded together with the raster layers.</p>
GFAS4HTAP vegetation fire emissions 2003-2023
<h1>Overview</h1> <p>This dataset contains emission flux from wildfires for various species and combustion rate. The data based on daily dry matter burnt estimates (DM) from CAMS GFASv1.2, downloaded at https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/datasets/cams-global-fire-emissions-gfas. Subsequently, an updated spurius signal mask is applied and emissions are calculated with a new land cover map derived from ESA CCI and PEATMAP for 2018, and emission factors from NEIVAv1.1 (<a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/7679/2024/">https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/7679/2024/</a>) and further literature.</p> <p>Each archive contains a folder with the daily emissions for one species in the *_daily.nc file. Other NetCDF files with approximative fields at monthly, annual and 21-year resolution and plots have been added for illustration.</p> <p>The archives of the injection height parameters MAMI and APT contain the Mean Altitude of Maximal Injection and Altitude of Plume Top, respectively. They have been downloade from CAMS GFAS and converted to the standard date format of this reository. A detailed description is available in Remy et al. (2017) at <a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/2921/2017/">https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/2921/2017/</a>.</p> <p>The data is available in netCDF4 format, where the data for each species is contained in individual files.<br>The dataset contains daily data from 01/01/2003 to 31/12/2023 on a regular lat-lon grid with 0.1deg resolution.<br>The date of the time coordinate identifies the validity period. For example for daily data, "2003-01-01 00:00:00" denotes emissions during 00:00:00-23:59:59 UTC of the first of January 2003.<br>All emission data is in [kg m**-2 s**-1].</p> <p>The CO2 data is the instantaneous emission of CO2 from wildfires. On a longer timescale CO2 will increase due to oxidation of, primarily, CO and CH4.</p> <p>C, PM2.5 and TPC, and only these, constitute a double-counting with other included species.</p> <p>Due to the data volume restriction of Zenodo, "toxic" emissions are provided in this sister repository: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15721938">10.5281/zenodo.15721938</a></p> <p>A paper explaining the methods and data used in the creation of the dataset is being worked on. Until it has been published, please cite <a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/3265/2025/">https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/3265/2025/</a> when using GFAS4HTAP.</p> <h1>Calculating emissions locally</h1> <p>The G4H archive contains software and static data (emission factor table and land cover mask), with which users can calculate emission consistently with GFAS4HTAP from any dry matter burnt field: Install and activate the conda environment env_g4h.yml, adapt the configuration section in the main() routine of the emissions.py file and run the script.</p> <h1>Q&As</h1> <h3>Q1: Are emissions in beta and v2 for their common periods/species the same?</h3> <p>No, all emissions have changed: All are shifted by one day (fixing a "feature" of the CAMS ADS netCDF conversion) and the emmission factor for CO in savannah has been updated. Use of the beta version is discouraged. If bandwidth is an issue consider calculating the emissions locally. Additionally, the metadata in the NetCDF files has been completed.</p> <h3>Q2: Should VOCs not explicitly treated in the used model chemistry be ignored or lumped with other species to preserve the total mass? Is NMOC_g the total VOC mass?</h3> <p>The NEVIA database includes measurements of a lot of gaseous emissions of larger organic molecules, which have not been represented in emissions estimates or chemical mechanisms in the past. These are reported in the database as NMOC_g. Thus, NMOC_g is the mass of gaseous non methane organic carbon that is NOT included in the mass of other individual or lumped species. It is what is left over in the unspeciated bin after individual species have been accounted for. It can be very large, around half of the organic mass. In other words, total gaseous non-methane organic carbon = sum of all individual VOC species provided + sum of lumped VOC species provided + NMOC_g</p> <p>So, what do you do with NMOC_g or other explicit species that are not in your mechanism when preparing emissions inputs? … It depends on the mechanism that you are putting it into. A reasonable default approach may be to represent as much of the mass of explicit species provided in GFAS4HTAP as makes sense for the proxy/lumping scheme in your mechanism. There is little understanding of how to represent NMOC_g and assigning its mass to other species in the mechanism may well create too much hydrocarbon reactivity. So, a reasonable default approach may be to ignore NMOC_g. </p> <p>Different modelers are going to make different choices, and it will be useful for each model to provide their emissions inputs (total VOC and if possible speciated VOC) along with the outputs for comparison.</p> <h3>Q3: The daily file has emission rate in kg/m2/s – Is this a flat rate for the day (GMT)?</h3> <p>Yes, this is correct.</p> <h3>Q4: Where is the vegetation map?</h3> <p>It is part of the package for calculating emissions locally, i.e. in the file G4H.tgz.</p> <h3>Q5: Why did the Zenodo link change?</h3> <p>Zenodo provides one link/DOI for all version of a repository, which ends with "1". Additionally, each version has its own link/DOI, counting up in the last digit.</p> <h3>Q6: How do I get total particulate matter (TPM)?</h3> <p>The GFAS4HTAP emissions are based on NEIVA EFs and GFED5 speciation. Most PM measurements are now operationally defined, e.g., based on inlet cutoffs, so TPM is rarely reported. However, if TPM or PM10 are needed, it is recommended take the provided PM2.5 emissions and multiply them by 1.2 (inflate by 20%).</p> <h3>Q7: Which enhancement factor should be used for aerosol/PM emissions?</h3> <p>It is recommended to tune PM/aerosol emissions to each model setup with (at least) one universal scaling/enhancement parameter. As reference, atmospheric observations targeted by the model can be used. If no such reference is available, the total atmospheric load from an aerosol observation-constrained (re)analysis, e.g. from CAMS, might be use4d as reference. The underlying reason for the need to tune is that the fast aerosol chemistry in the smoke plumes near fires are represented to different degrees in different models and model configurations.</p> <h1>List of included species</h1> <table><colgroup><col><col></colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>species</strong></td> <td><strong>long_name</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>carbon combustion (C in CO2, CO, CH4, TPC)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CO2</td> <td>carbon dioxide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CO</td> <td>carbon monoxide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CH4</td> <td>methane</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NMOC_g</td> <td>gaseous non-methane organic compounds not included otherwise</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H2</td> <td>hydrogen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NOx</td> <td>nitrogen oxides(NOx as NO)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>N2O</td> <td>nitrous oxide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PM2p5</td> <td>PM 2.5 (particulate matter <2.5u)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TPC</td> <td>total particulate carbon (OC+BC)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OC</td> <td>organic carbon (carbon in organic matter)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BC</td> <td>black carbon</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SO2</td> <td>sulfur dioxide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H6</td> <td>ethane</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CH3OH</td> <td>methanol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H5OH</td> <td>ethanol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C3H8</td> <td>propane</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H2</td> <td>acetylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H4</td> <td>ethylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C3H6</td> <td>propylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C5H8</td> <td>isoprene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C10H16</td> <td>terpenes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C7H8</td> <td>toluene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C6H6</td> <td>benzene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C8H10</td> <td>xylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Higher_Alkenes</td> <td>C4H8 + c5H10 + C6H12 + C8H16 (1 butene + i butene + tr-2-butene + cis-2-butene + 1 pentene + 2 pentene + hexene + octene)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Higher_Alkanes</td> <td>C4H10 + C5H12 + C6H14 + C7H16 (n-butane + i-butane + n-pentane + i-pentane(me-butane) + n-hexane + i-hexane + Heptane)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CH2O</td> <td>formaldehyde</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H4O</td> <td>acetaldehyde</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C3H6O</td> <td>acetone</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NH3</td> <td>ammonia</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C2H6S</td> <td>dimethyl sulfide (DMS)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HCN</td> <td>hydrogen cyanide</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HCOOH</td> <td>formic acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CH3COOH</td> <td>acetic acid</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MEK</td> <td>methyl Ethyl Ketone / 2-butanone</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CH3COCHO</td> <td>methylglyoxal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HOCH2CHO</td> <td>hydroxyacetaldehyde</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD2378</td> <td>2,3,7,8-TeCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD12378</td> <td>1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD123478</td> <td>1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD123678</td> <td>1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD123789</td> <td>1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDD1234678</td> <td>1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OCDD</td> <td>OctaCDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF2378</td> <td>2,3,7,8-TeCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF12378</td> <td>1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF23478</td> <td>2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF123478</td> <td>1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF123678</td> <td>1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF123789</td> <td>1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF234678</td> <td>2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF1234678</td> <td>1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCDF1234789</td> <td>1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OCDF</td> <td>OctaCDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NAP</td> <td>Naphthalene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACY</td> <td>Acenaphthylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACE</td> <td>Acenaphthene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FLO</td> <td>Fluorene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PHE</td> <td>Phenanthrene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ANT</td> <td>Anthracene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FLA</td> <td>Fluoranthene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PYR</td> <td>Pyrene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BaA</td> <td>Benz(a)anthracene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CHR</td> <td>Chrysene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BbF</td> <td>Benzo(b)fluoranthene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BkF</td> <td>Benzo(k)fluoranthene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BaP</td> <td>Benzo(a)pyrene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IcdP</td> <td>Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DahA</td> <td>Dibenz(a,h)anthracene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BghiP</td> <td>Benzo(g,h,i)perylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hg</td> <td>Mercury as Hg0+HgP</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h1>List of other parameters</h1> <table><colgroup><col><col></colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>short name</strong></td> <td><strong>description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>MAMI</td> <td>Mean Altitude of Maximal Injection</td> </tr> <tr> <td>APT</td> <td>Altitude of Plume Top</td> </tr> <tr> <td>G4H</td> <td>software for calculating enissions locally, including emission factor table and land cover mask</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
After the 'Black Summer' fires: faunal responses to megafire depend on fire severity, proportional area burnt, and vegetation type
<ol> <li>Climate change and human activities have disrupted historical fire regimes, leading to complex and far-reaching impacts on global ecosystems. Despite extensive research in fire ecology, studies exploring vertebrate responses to megafires, and to nuanced fire characteristics, remain limited.</li> <li>We collected camera trap data 3–27 months following Australia's 2019–20 'Black Summer' megafires from 30 burnt sites and 10 unburnt sites. Our data included 14 animal species/groups, encompassing mammalian predators, small and medium-sized mammals, large herbivores, and birds. We used generalised additive mixed models to assess the influence of time-since-the-fires, burn status, fire severity, proportional area burnt, and vegetation type on species' activity.</li> <li>Models that included fire variables were well-supported for all species. The proportional cover of low-moderate or high-extreme severity fire had substantial support for five species, particularly herbivores, which generally showed a preference for burnt sites but at differing fire severities. The proportional area burnt, disregarding severity, was well supported for four species. At highly burned sites, fox activity peaked shortly after the fires, while small to medium-sized mammal activity increased more gradually. Vegetation type strongly influenced the response of four species to fire; in particular, wet forest birds preferred unburnt areas.</li> <li> <em>Policy implications</em>. We document variable short- to medium-term responses of a range of species to fire which could help guide management interventions. We demonstrate that animal species' responses to fire are diverse and better captured using broader landscape-scale fire variables. We found that species were strongly influenced by proportional area burnt, fire severity, and vegetation type. Introduced foxes were attracted to recently burnt areas, so timely predator control may benefit vulnerable prey species. Wet forest species were sensitive to fires and could benefit from preservation and restoration of these habitats. Some species exploited low-moderate severity burnt areas, while others preferred high-severity burns. This suggests that species will face diverse challenges and opportunities in future extreme fire events. We emphasise the importance of using multi-faceted approaches to account for the complex responses of co-occurring species to fire events.</li> </ol>
Climate response to vegetation removal on different continents
<p>Data generated in this study are archived here.</p>
Identifying the drivers of vegetation changes in Inner Mongolia based on residual analysis and Hasse diagram technique
<p><a>Exploring the effect of climate change and human activities on vegetation</a> is a key requisite for the reconstruction of regional ecological environments. Therefore, based on long-term vegetation GIMMS NDVI data, climate data, and statistical data, the present study applied the Hasse diagram technique and combined the multivariate regression residual analysis to quantitatively analyze the impact of human activities and climate change on vegetation in Inner Mongolia from detail human activities with some innovations. The results showed that (1) NDVI showed an overall increasing trend over the last 39 years, with an abrupt change in 2000; moreover, vegetation growth was better before the abrupt change (PⅠ: 1982–2000) than after it (PⅡ: 2001–2020), with significant downward trends in Xilin Gol and Hulunbuir. (2) Human activities can promote as well as inhibit vegetation, and the promotion effect was larger during 1982–2000 than during 2001–2020, whereas the inhibition effect was larger during 2001–2020. In addition, during PI, vegetation in Inner Mongolia generally experienced promotion by human activities and climate change, while during PII, climate-driven promotion had the strongest effect, followed by human-driven inhibition mainly distributed in Xilin Gol. (3) The result of the Hasse diagram analysis showed that the dominant pathways of human activities affecting most of the cities were economic factors and urbanization during PⅠ and economization during PII.</p>
Data: On the role of water table depth, and urban and vegetation cover on groundwater dry period susceptibility
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data accompanying "Summer drought weakens land surface cooling of tundra vegetation"
<p>This dataset contains the spatial and meteorological data underlying the statistical analysis in:</p> <p><em>Rietze et al. (in press) - Summer drought weakens land surface cooling by tundra vegetation</em></p> <p>All code to preprocess, analyze and visualize this data can be found under <a href="https://github.com/nrietze/ArcticDroughtPaper">https://github.com/nrietze/ArcticDroughtPaper</a>.</p> <p>This dataset contains three major components:</p> <ol> <li>The drone-derived mosaics of multispectral, RGB, and thermal imagery.</li> <li>The training polygons used for the land cover classification.</li> <li>Meteorological and micrometeorological observations used in the analysis and descriptions of flight conditions. Internal data from the drone flights.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Folder structure:</strong></p> <pre><code>└───data ├───landcover ├───mosaics ├───shapefiles └───tables ├───intermediate └───results</code></pre> <p>Clone the Github repository before downloading this data and insert the contents of this dataset into the empty "data" folder from the Github repo.</p> <p><strong>Cite as:</strong></p> <p>Rietze, Nils, Assmann, Jakob J., Damm, Alexander, Naegeli, Kathrin, Karsanaev, Sergey V., Maximov, Trofim C.,Plekhanova, Elena, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela. <em>(in press</em>). Summer drought weakens land surface cooling of tundra vegetation.</p> <p><strong>Abstract (from manuscript):</strong></p> <p>Siberia experienced a prolonged heat wave in the spring of 2020, resulting in extreme summer drought and major wildfires in the North Eastern Siberian lowland tundra. In the Arctic tundra, plants play a key role in regulating the summer land surface energy budget by contributing to land surface cooling through evapotranspiration. Yet we know little about how drought conditions impact plant-mediated land surface cooling by tundra plant communities, and related positive feedback to the high air temperatures. Here we used high-resolution land surface temperature and vegetation maps based on drone imagery to determine the impact of the extreme summer drought in 2020 on land surface cooling in the lowland tundra of North-Eastern Siberia. We found strong differences in land surface cooling among plant communities in the drought year 2020 and the reference year 2021. Further, we observed a decrease in the normalized land surface cooling between the two years using the water deficit index (WDI) across all plant communities during the drought year. This shift indicates an energy budget regime dominated by sensible heat fluxes, contributing to land surface warming. Overall, our findings suggest significant variation in land surface cooling among common Arctic plant communities in the North-Eastern Siberian lowland tundra and a pronounced effect of drought on all community types. Based on our results we suggest accounting for tundra plant communities if we want to accurately predict the impacts and consequences of droughts on land surface cooling and energy flux related processes such as permafrost thaw and wildfires.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements (from manuscript):</strong></p> <p>N.R. was supported through the TRISHNA Science and Electronics Contribution (T-SEC), an ESA PRODEX project (contract no. 4000133711). Drone data acquisition was supported by the University Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity of the University of Zurich and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 178753). We would like to thank Geert Hensgens of VU Amsterdam for sharing the flux tower data at the research site with us.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supplementary digital data for "Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley"
<p>Supplementary digital data for the publication:</p> <p>Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley</p> <p>Data that was no publicly available but is used for Figure 1 - 3 in the manuscript is provided in this repository in addition to the raw data describing the occurrence in plant and soil matrices throughout the Vinschgau valley along the altitudinal transects.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Abiotic legacies mediate plant-soil feedback during early vegetation succession on rare earth element mine tailings
<p>An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant-soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. </p> <p>In a two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal community) and abiotic legacies (changes in chemical properties) of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.</p> <p>Positive plant-soil feedback was found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedback was observed in other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase of nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease of acidity and extractable aluminum and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. </p> <p>The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. </p> <p>Synthesis and application: Our study shows that early succession on contaminated REE mine tailings may lead to more positive plant-soil feedback than predicted based on results of non-contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait-based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.</p>
Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems
<p>Files (input and output) for the publication <em>Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems</em></p> <p> </p>
Urban scavenging: Vertebrates display greater sensitivity to land-cover and garden vegetation cover than invertebrates
<p>1. Scavenging removes carrion or littered food waste from the environment, providing ecosystem services including nutrient cycling, reduced pathogen spread, and reduced waste management costs. These services are particularly important in urban environments, where high human population densities result in increased littered food waste. It is unclear how the magnitude of scavenging across urban-rural gradients is influenced by agent (vertebrates and invertebrates), land-cover type and patch size.</p> <p>2. We investigated scavenging provision by vertebrates and invertebrates across a gradient of urbanisation in 37 woodlands and 35 domestic gardens across Liverpool, UK. Sites were selected using random stratification across a gradient of urbanisation based on impervious surface cover. At each site, four different bait types were deployed either within vertebrate exclusion cages or exposed to vertebrates and invertebrates. The percentage dry weight loss of bait after 48 hours was used to quantify scavenging provision.</p> <p>3. Data were analysed using general linear mixed effects models (Gaussian error distribution) and a full model approach to assess 1) the relative contributions of vertebrates and invertebrates across an urban-rural gradient; 2) variation in scavenging between woodlands and gardens; 3) the effects of semi-natural vegetation cover on scavenging provision. We also consider patch size as a preliminary assessment of how fragmentation influences scavenging.</p> <p>4. Vertebrates contributed substantially more to scavenging provision than invertebrates across the urbanisation gradient. Vertebrate scavenging was substantially greater in woodlands than gardens, invertebrate scavenging was similar in both land-cover types. Scavenging increased with patch size in gardens, but not woodlands. Vertebrate scavenging increased with patch size, while invertebrate scavenging decreased. Within gardens, vertebrate scavenging increased with semi-natural vegetation cover.</p> <p>5. Scavenging-mediated ecosystem services are important in urban areas where food littering is frequent, and efforts should be made to facilitate these services. Urban woodlands and gardens both make important contributions to scavenging-mediated ecosystem services in urban areas, but woodlands' contributions are much greater. There is a need to increase the cover of semi-natural vegetation in gardens to increase their contributions, and protect and expand woodlands, especially in areas with a high demand for ecosystem services reliant on scavenging.</p>
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
<p>Formation of forest islands in West Africa has been linked to anthropogenic soil improvement resulting in luxuriant tree growth in otherwise open savanna landscapes. However, there is limited understanding of how such unique ecosystems modulate soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. In this study, we report soil nutrient characteristics and two distinct soil organic carbon pools of Anogeissus grove (forest island) associated with abandoned village sites of the Mole National Park in the Guinea savanna or tropical continental climatic zone of Ghana, taking opportunity of a previously published study in Biotropica in 1978. We compared present-day differences in soil characteristics between the previously studied forest grove and adjoining open savanna in the Park and evaluated vegetation dynamics since first measurement in 1974. Overall, we see changes related to self-thinning and expansion of the grove on a decadal timescale. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were greater in the grove and increased by 19.6 and 18.7%, respectively over time, showing persistence after four decades. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) differed significantly (p<0.05) between the vegetation types, being 3.44% in the grove and 2.34% in the savanna. The grove was ca. 25% greater in particulate organic carbon (POC) content than the savanna. In both vegetation types, >55% of carbon was stabilized in the mineral fraction. Our study demonstrates long-term human impacts on soil and vegetation and offers a clear nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through sustainable land management by indigenous people towards achievement of the '4p1000' initiative.</p>
Pollen data: Influences of sea level changes and volcanic eruptions on Holocene vegetation in Tonga
<p><strong>Aim</strong>:</p> <p>To investigate mid- to late-Holocene vegetation changes on low-lying coastal areas in Tonga and how changing sea level and recurrent volcanic eruptions have influenced vegetation dynamics on four islands of the Tongan Archipelago (South Pacific).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong></p> <p>To investigate past vegetation and environmental change at Ngofe Marsh ('Uta Vava'u) we examined palynomorphs (pollen and spores), charcoal (fire), and sediment characteristics (volcanic activity) from a 6.7-m long sediment core. Radiocarbon dating indicated the sediments were deposited over the last 7700 years. We integrated the Ngofe Marsh data with similar previously published data from Avai'o'vuna Swamp on Pangaimotu Island, Lotofoa Swamp on Foa Island, and Finemui Swamp on Ha'afeva Island. Plant taxa were categorised as littoral, mangrove, rainforest, successional/ disturbance, and wetland groups and linear models were used to examine relationships between vegetation, relative sea-level change, and volcanic eruptions (tephra).</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>:</p> <p>Relative sea-level change has impacted vegetation on three of the four islands investigated. Volcanic eruptions were not identified as a driver of vegetation change. Rainforest decline does not appear to be driven by sea-level changes or volcanic eruptions. From all sites analysed, vegetation at Finemui Swamp was most sensitive to changes in relative sea level.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong></p> <p>While vegetation on low-lying Pacific islands is sensitive to changing sea levels, island characteristics, such as size and elevation, are also likely to be important factors that mediate specific island responses to drivers of change.</p>
Vegetation variables and rhizosphere bacterial communities from ten paired sites in southwestern Finland, 2021
<p>Plant invasions can have major impacts on ecosystems not only in aboveground but also in belowground through changes in microbiota. Particularly legumes, which often host nitrogen-fixing symbionts (rhizobia), can be expected to modify soil bacterial communities. We examined the effect of the invasive herbaceous legume, <em>Lupinus polyphyllus</em>, on the alpha diversity and community composition of soil bacteria. We also explored whether vegetation cover, the cover of other (non-invasive) legumes or number of vascular plants was associated with soil bacterial communities. We sampled rhizosphere soil and surveyed vegetation from ten paired sites (invaded more than ten years ago and uninvaded locations) in southwestern Finland, and identified bacterial DNA by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The plant invader and the three vegetation variables considered had no effect on soil bacterial alpha diversity in terms of bacterial richness, Shannon and Inverse Simpson diversity indices. The composition of soil bacterial communities differed between invaded and uninvaded soils at four out of the ten sites. However, the differences in the relative abundances of top bacterial families between the two soil origins were inconsistent across sites, including rhizobia in the family of <em>Bradyrhizobiaceae</em> that the study species is hosting. Moreover, vegetation cover, legume cover after excluding the study species, and number of plant species explained a small proportion of the variation in the bacterial community composition. Our findings indicate that <em>L</em><em>. polyphyllus</em> has the potential to modify the soil bacterial community composition locally, at least at sites where it has been present for more than a decade.</p>
3D vegetation scans of DivResource experiment plots (Bad Lauchstädt, Germany)
<p>Meta data:</p> <ul> <li>Place and time of recording: Germany, Bad Lauchstädt, UFZ research station, DivResource experiment, 11.09.2023</li> <li>Specification of the type of smartphone used: iPhone 13</li> <li>App used: Scaniverse</li> <li>Brief information on the project context: Pilot test to create 3-demensional animations of vegetation plots with smartphone and 3D scanning app</li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.