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34,778 results for “diseases”
Supplementary data: The APOE isoforms differentially shape the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of human microglia in a xenotransplantation model of Alzheimer's disease
<p>Supplementary data for: The APOE isoforms differentially shape the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of human microglia in a xenotransplantation model of Alzheimer’s disease. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table1_QC: Excel sheet containing QC metrics for the RNA-seq data and the other containing QC metrics for the ATAC-seq data. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table2_DEGs: Excel sheet containing DeSeq2 differential expression analysis results for the following comparisons: APOE2 vs APOE3, APOE4 vs APOE3, APOE4 vs APOE2, APOE-KO vs APOE3. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table3_MAGMA_geneset_analysis_res: CSV file containing MAGMA gene set analysis results using the differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) for the comparisons outlined in Supplementary_Table2_DEGs and three independent AD GWAS. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table4_DARs: Excel sheet containing DeSeq2 differential accessibility analysis results for the following comparisons: APOE2 vs APOE3, APOE4 vs APOE3, APOE4 vs APOE2, APOE-KO vs APOE3. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table5_sLDSC_res.csv: CSV file containing s-LDSC results using the consensus set of ATAC-seq peaks with three brain disorder GWAS (Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). </p> <p>Supplementary_Table6_WGCNA_clusterProfiler_pathway_enrichment.csv: CSV file containing pathway enrichment results using two WGCNA-identified modules that were significantly upregulated in APOE2-expressing microglia. </p> <p>Supplementary_Table7_homer_motifEnrichment_res.xlsx: Excel sheet containing Homer motif enrichment analysis results using top 100 peaks with increased and decreased chromatin accessibility for APOE2 vs APOE3, APOE4 vs APOE3, and APOE4 vs APOE2.</p>
Disease-driven mass mortality event leads to widespread extirpation and variable recovery potential of a marine predator across the eastern Pacific
<p>The prevalence of disease-driven mass mortality events is increasing, but our understanding of spatial variation in their magnitude, timing, and triggers are often poorly resolved. Here, we use a novel range-wide dataset comprised of 48,810 surveys to quantify how Sea Star Wasting Disease affected <i>Pycnopodia</i> <i>helianthoides</i>, the sunflower sea star, across its range from Baja California, Mexico to the Aleutian Islands, USA. We found that the outbreak occurred more rapidly, killed a greater percentage of the population, and left fewer survivors in the southern half of the species' range. <i>Pycnopodia</i> now appears to be functionally extinct (> 99.2% declines) from Baja California, Mexico to Cape Flattery, Washington, USA and exhibited severe declines (> 87.8%) from the Salish Sea to the Gulf of Alaska. The importance of temperature in predicting <i>Pycnopodia</i> distribution rose 450% after the outbreak, suggesting these latitudinal gradients may stem from an interaction between disease severity and warmer waters. We found no evidence of population recovery in the years since the outbreak. Natural recovery in the southern half of the range is unlikely over the short-term and assisted recovery will likely be required for recovery in the southern half of the range on ecologically-relevant time scales.</p>
The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review- Screening
<p>The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review- Screening file</p>
Fine-scale spatial patterns of wildlife disease are common and understudied
<p>1. All parasites are heterogeneous in space, yet little is known about the prevalence and scale of this spatial variation, particularly in wild animal systems. To address this question, we sought to identify and examine spatial dependence of wildlife disease across a wide range of systems.</p> <p>2. Conducting a broad literature search, we collated 31 such datasets featuring 89 replicates and 71 unique host-parasite combinations, only 51% of which had previously been used to test spatial hypotheses. We analysed these datasets for spatial dependence within a standardised modelling framework using Bayesian linear models, and we then meta-analysed the results to identify generalised determinants of the scale and magnitude of spatial autocorrelation.</p> <p>3. We detected spatial autocorrelation in 48/89 model replicates (54%) across 21/31 datasets (68%), spread across parasites of all groups. Even some very small study areas (under 0.01km2) exhibited substantial spatial variation.</p> <p>4. Despite the common manifestation of spatial variation, our meta-analysis was unable to identify host-, parasite-, or sampling-level determinants of this heterogeneity across systems. Parasites of all transmission modes had easily detectable spatial patterns, implying that structured contact networks and susceptibility effects are potentially as important in spatially structuring disease as are environmental drivers of transmission efficiency.</p> <p>5. Our findings demonstrate that fine-scale spatial patterns of infection manifest frequently and across a range of wild animal systems, and many studies are able to investigate them – whether or not the original aim of the study was to examine spatially varying processes. Given the widespread nature of these findings, studies should more frequently record and analyse spatial data, facilitating development and testing of spatial hypotheses in disease ecology. Ultimately, this may pave the way for an a priori predictive framework for spatial variation in novel host-parasite systems.</p>
Population genetics as a tool to elucidate pathogen reservoirs: Lessons from Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose disease in bats
<p>Emerging infectious diseases pose a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. The risk of species-extinctions increases when pathogens can survive in the absence of the host. Environmental reservoirs can facilitate this. However, identifying such reservoirs and modes of infection is often highly challenging. In this study, we investigated the presence and nature of an environmental reservoir for the ascomycete fungus <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i>, the causative agent of White-Nose disease. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we determined the genotypic differentiation between 1,497 <i>P. destructans</i> isolates collected from nine closely situated underground sites where bats hibernate (i.e., hibernacula) in Northeastern Germany. This approach was unique in that it ensured that every isolate and resulting multi-locus genotype was not only present, but also viable and therefore theoretically capable of infecting a bat. The distinct distribution of multi-locus genotypes across hibernacula demonstrates that each hibernaculum has an essentially unique fungal population. This would be expected if bats become infected in their hibernaculum (i.e., the site they spend winter in to hibernate) rather than in other sites visited before they start hibernating. In one hibernaculum where both the walls and the hibernating bats were sampled at regular intervals over five consecutive winter seasons (1,062 isolates), higher genotypic richness was found on walls compared to bats and multi-locus genotypes showed a stable frequency over multiple winters. This clearly implicates hibernacula walls as the main environmental reservoir of the pathogen, from which bats become re-infected annually during hibernation.</p>
Radiological Risk in the Global Burden of Disease
<p>The contribution of radioactivity to the overall burden of disease has rarely been put in context of overall pollution of our environment, even though it has got high public interest as stand-alone problem. Indeed, radioactive pollution is not even mentioned in World health statistics 2020. Is it less important for health than in public policies? There is no general accepted common frame of reference, which would allow comparing risks of none-radioactive and radioactive pollutants and sharing methods for risk management. Annually, the WHO compares the impact of chemotoxic risk with those of many other risk factors, using the global burden of diseases and the disability adjusted loss of life years (DALY), a concept that has only recently been applied to radioactive contamination by Japanese researchers. Despite some effort for risk comparison, there seems to be a silent agreement between the experts from IAEA, WHO, OECD-NEA, ICRP and many national bodies as well as antinuclear civil society groups, in the field of assessing the health impact of radiotoxicity to treat radioactivity apart. Maybe, one of the reasons is that on global level, the largest impact of radiation stems from natural radioactivity. Taking for example the public debate on potential risks from future radioactive waste disposal sites. Compared to the risk from natural radiation, the risk contribution to future generations from a radioactive waste disposal site is expected to be thousand to millon times lower. And this risk is not for the next 10000 yrs but only for the time very much beyond, close to the age of the homo sapiens. Expressed in DALY, the number of cancers cases formally attributable to a life long exposure situation by natural radiation of 1 mSv corresponds for example for the japaneze population to a reduction of life expectancy of about 1 to 1.5 month for man or woman. Hence, the impact of a radioactive waste disposal site on potential reduction of life expencency of future generations will be well below 1 day. Probably, life expectency is even increased by geological disposal, as it reduces the risk stemming from surface storage sites, which are difficult to be controlled over the time of many generations. The ICRP shall help understanding radiological risks in the overall context of other risks, the society is taking everyday.</p>
Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Cattle- Appendix B: Excel file with all data extracted
<p>Information on all the full-text studies that were assessed, including the reason for exclusion for those that were excluded at the full-text screening and the data extracted from the included studies, can be consulted here. </p> <p>The extensive literature review was carried out by the University of Copenhagen under the contract OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2020/02 – LOT 1 (https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:457654-2020:TEXT:EN:HTML)</p>
Anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients with neurodegenerative Niemann-Pick disease Type C
<p>Abstract:</p> <p>Background: Blockade of tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is effective in patients with Crohn’s Disease but has been associated with infection risk and neurological complications such as demyelination. Niemann-Pick disease Type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal storage disorder presenting in childhood with neurological deterioration, liver damage and respiratory infections. Some NPC1 patients develop severe Crohn’s disease. Our objective was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of anti-TNF in NPC1 patients with Crohn’s disease.</p> <p>Methods: Retrospective data on phenotype and therapy response were collected from patients with genetically confirmed NPC1 defects and intestinal inflammation. We investigated TNF secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with NPC1 inhibitor in response to bacterial stimuli.</p> <p>Results: NPC1 inhibitor treated PBMCs show significantly increased TNF production after lipopolysaccharide or bacterial challenge providing a rationale for anti-TNF therapy. We identified 5 NPC1 patients with CD-like intestinal inflammation treated using anti-TNF therapy (mean age of onset 8.6 years, mean treatment length 27.2 months, overall treatment period 11.3 patient years). Anti-TNF therapy was associated with reduced gastrointestinal symptoms with no apparent adverse neurological events. Therapy improved intestinal inflammation in 4 patients.</p> <p>Conclusion: Anti-TNF therapy appears safe in patients with NPC1 and is an effective treatment strategy for the management of intestinal inflammation in these patients.</p>
Heart Disease XML Strain
<p>Disclaimer: These datasets were generated during the course of academic research conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, which received ethics approval by The Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong – New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Authority. They have been anonymised and are deposited for further advancement of medical research in full compliance with University Regulations and Policy on Dataset Deposit and Sharing. For additional information: https://libguides.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/RDM/dataset_deposit</p> <p> </p> <p>Access is permitted for research purposes only.</p> <p> </p> <p>The use of these datasets should provide acknowledgements of such efforts by citing this DOI.</p>
Counterintuitive scaling between population abundance and local density: implications for modelling transmission of infectious diseases in bat populations
<p>1. Models of host-pathogen interactions help to explain infection dynamics in wildlife populations and to predict and mitigate the risk of zoonotic spillover. Insights from models inherently depend on the way contacts between hosts are modelled, and crucially, how transmission scales with animal density.</p> <p>2. Bats are important reservoirs of zoonotic disease and are among the most gregarious of all mammals. Their population structures can be highly heterogenous, underpinned by ecological processes across different scales, complicating assumptions regarding the nature of contacts and transmission. Although models commonly parameterise transmission using metrics of total abundance, whether this is an ecologically representative approximation of host-pathogen interactions is not routinely evaluated.</p> <p>3. We collected a 13-month dataset of tree-roosting <i>Pteropus </i>spp. from 2,522 spatially referenced trees across eight roosts to empirically evaluate the relationship between total roost abundance and tree-level measures of abundance and density – the scale most likely to be relevant for virus transmission. We also evaluate whether roost features at different scales (roost-level, subplot-level, tree-level) are predictive of these local density dynamics.</p> <p>4. Roost-level features were not representative of tree-level abundance (bats per tree) or tree-level density (bats per m<sup>2</sup> or m<sup>3</sup>), with roost-level models explaining minimal variation in tree-level measures. Total roost abundance itself was either not a significant predictor (tree-level 3-D density) or only weakly predictive (tree-level abundance).</p> <p>5. This indicates that basic measures, such as total abundance of bats in a roost, may not provide adequate approximations for population dynamics at scales relevant for transmission, and that alternative measures are needed to compare transmission potential between roosts. From the best candidate models, the strongest predictor of local population structure was tree density within roosts, where roosts with low tree density had a higher abundance but lower density of bats (more spacing between bats) per tree.</p> <p>6. Together, these data highlight unpredictable and counterintuitive relationships between total abundance and local density. More nuanced modelling of transmission, spread and spillover from bats likely requires alternative approaches to integrating contact structure in host-pathogen models, rather than simply modifying the transmission function.</p>
Both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators impact mosquito populations and have implications for disease transmission
<p class="Default">Predator-prey interactions influence prey traits through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects, and variation in these traits can shape vector-borne disease dynamics. Meta-analysis methods were employed to generate predation effect sizes by different categories of predators and mosquito prey. This analysis showed that multiple families of aquatic predators are effective in consumptively reducing mosquito survival, and that the survival of <i>Aedes</i>, <i>Anopheles</i>, and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes is negatively impacted by consumptive effects of predators. Mosquito larval size was found to play a more important role in explaining the heterogeneity of consumptive effects from predators than mosquito genus. Mosquito survival and body size were reduced by non-consumptive effects of predators, but development time was not significantly impacted. In addition, <i>Culex</i> vectors demonstrated predator avoidance behavior during oviposition. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that predators limit disease transmission by reducing both vector survival and vector size, and that associations between drought and human West Nile virus cases could be driven by the vector behavior of predator avoidance during oviposition. These findings are likely to be useful to infectious disease modelers who rely on vector traits as predictors of transmission.</p>
Dataset- Self-reported periodontal disease, dental presence and COVID-19, in older adults of the Playa municipality
<p>Esta base de datos fue creada con el objetivo de determinar la relación existente entre la enfermedad periodontal autoinformada, la perdida dentaria y el comportamiento de la covid-19.</p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ENG</p> <p>This database was created with the objective of determining the relationship between self-reported periodontal disease, tooth loss and the behavior of covid-19.</p>
Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Fishes - Appendix B: Excel file with all data extracted
<p>Information on all the full-text studies that were assessed, including the reason for exclusion for those that were excluded at the full-text screening and the data extracted from the included studies, can be consulted here. </p> <p>The extensive literature review was carried out by the University of Copenhagen under the contract OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2020/02 – LOT 1 (https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:457654-2020:TEXT:EN:HTML)</p>
Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Rabbits - Appendix B: Excel file with all data extracted
<p>Information on all the full-text studies that were assessed, including the reason for exclusion for those that were excluded at the full-text screening and the data extracted from the included studies, can be consulted here. </p> <p>The extensive literature review was carried out by the University of Copenhagen under the contract OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2020/02 – LOT 1 (https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:457654-2020:TEXT:EN:HTML)</p>
data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
<p>data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p>
Fatal enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease in toddlers
<p>In 1967, two toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (FIRSV) in the United States died from enhanced RSV disease (ERD), a severe form of illness resulting from aberrant priming of the antiviral immune response during vaccination. Up to 80% of immunized children subsequently exposed to wild-type virus were hospitalized. These events hampered RSV vaccine development for decades. In this manuscript, we provide a characterization of the clinical, immunopathological, and transcriptional signature of fatal human ERD, outlining novel evidence for safety evaluation of RSV vaccines and a framework for understanding disease enhancement for pathogens in general. These are the scanned histology slides from this study. </p>
The relationship between vector species richness and the risk of vector-borne infectious diseases
<p>Infectious diseases can impact human welfare and impede wildlife management. Much recent research explores whether biodiversity increases or decreases infectious disease risk. Here we theoretically study the relationship between vector species richness and the risk of vector-borne diseases by an epidemiological model of a single host and multiple vectors. The model considers that vectors are involved in interspecific feeding interference that causes transmission interference and in interspecific recruitment competition that mediates susceptible vector regulation. The model reveals three possible shapes of the vector richness-disease risk relationship: monotonic amplification, hump-shaped, and monotonic dilution patterns. Monotonic amplification pattern occurs across a wide parameter region. Hump-shaped or monotonic dilution patterns are found when transmission interference is strong and recruitment competition is weak. Unexpectedly, susceptible vector regulation does not only promote dilution but can strengthen amplification if coupled with strong transmission interference. Our results suggest that vector richness might be more likely to cause amplification rather than dilution, and shifts in the community mean trait values of vectors could also affect disease risk along the vector richness gradient.</p>
data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a comparison of three screening tools used in the GLIM diagnostic algorithm
<p>data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a comparison of three screening tools used in the GLIM diagnostic algorithm </p>
Causal reasoning over knowledge graphs leveraging drug-perturbed and disease-specific transcriptomic signatures for drug discovery
<p>This contains data described in detail in our paper, "Causal reasoning over knowledge graphs leveraging drug-perturbed and disease-specific transcriptomic signatures for drug discovery", where we develop a novel algorithm called RPath that prioritizes drugs for a given disease by reasoning over causal paths in a knowledge graph (KG), guided by both drug-perturbed as well as disease-specific transcriptomic signatures.</p>
Datasets related to publication: Microbial Consortia for Effective Biocontrol of Root and Foliar Diseases in Tomato
<p>Datasets underlying the results presented in the Original Research Article "Microbial Consortia for Effective Biocontrol of Root and Foliar Diseases in Tomato", Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12, Article 756368, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368/full, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.756368</a></p> <p>This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 765290 (Name of the action: Microbe induced resistance to agricultural pests, Acronym: MiRA).</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.