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Fig. 6 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 6 - Shoot biomass (A) and root biomass (B) after waterlogging and the end of the recovery period. Means and standard errors were based on five replications. Bars with different letters under the same category indicated a significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) with a paired t-test. C-AW: control after waterlogging, C-ER: control of the end recovery period, AW: after waterlogging, ER: the end of the recovery period. / Biomassa dei germogli (A) e delle radici (B) dopo il ristagno d'acqua e al termine del periodo di recupero. Le medie e gli errori standard si basano su cinque repliche. Le barre con lettere diverse sotto la stessa categoria indicano una differenza significativa (p ≤ 0,05) con un t-test a coppie. C-AW: controllo dopo il ristagno idrico, C-ER: controllo alla fine del periodo di recupero, AW: dopo il ristagno idrico, ER: alla fine del periodo di recupero.

Fig. 5 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 5 - Relationship between shoot biomass and root biomass with waterlogging duration. Measurements were made after the flooding ended. Shoot biomass in control (A), Shoot biomass in waterlogging duration treatment (B). Root biomass in control (C), root biomass in the waterlogging duration treatment (B). / Relazione tra la biomassa dei germogli e la biomassa delle radici con la durata del ristagno idrico. Le misurazioni sono state effettuate dopo la fine dell'allagamento. Biomassa dei germogli nel controllo (A), biomassa dei germogli nel trattamento di durata crescente del ristagno idrico (B). Biomassa radicale nel controllo (C), biomassa radicale nel trattamento di durata crescente del ristagno idrico (B).

Fig. 4 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 4 - The pattern of plant height (A) and number of leaves (B) during waterlogging and recovery period. Initial: before waterlogging treatment, AW-1d: after waterlogging one day, AW-3d: after waterlogging three days, AW-10d: after waterlogging ten days, R1: one-week recovery period, R2: two-week recovery period, R3: threeweek recovery period, R4: four-week recovery period, ER: end of the recovery period. / Andamento dell'altezza delle piante (A) e del numero di foglie (B) durante il periodo di ristagno idrico e di recupero. Iniziale: prima del trattamento di ristagno idrico, AW-1d: dopo un giorno di ristagno idrico, AW-3d: dopo tre giorni di ristagno idrico, AW-10d: dopo dieci giorni di ristagno idrico, R1: periodo di recupero di una settimana, R2: periodo di recupero di due settimane, R3: periodo di recupero di tre settimane, R4: periodo di recupero di quattro settimane, ER: fine del periodo di recupero.

Fig. 1 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 1 - Plant response after waterlogging and the end of the recovery period. Stomata opened at the control (A), stomata closed after waterlogging AW (B), stomata opened at ER (C), there was no hypertrophic lenticels formation at the control (D), a whitish color marked the early formation of hypertrophic lenticels after waterlogging AW at the base of the stems that were flooded for three days (E), the development of hypertrophic lenticels on the seventh day of waterlogging (F), and adventitious root formation on the ninth day of waterlogging (G). The scale bars (yellow line) in D, E, F, and G are 5 cm. / Risposta delle piante dopo il ristagno d'acqua e alla fine del periodo di recupero. Gli stomi si sono aperti al controllo (A), gli stomi si sono chiusi dopo il periodo di ristagno idrico AW (B), gli stomi si sono aperti ER (C), non c'è stata formazione di lenticelle ipertrofiche al controllo (D), il colore biancastro ha indicato la formazione precoce di lenticelle ipertrofiche dopo il periodo di ristagno idrico AW alla base degli steli sommersi per tre giorni (E), lo sviluppo di lenticelle ipertrofiche al settimo giorno di ristagno idrico (F) e la formazione di radici avventizie al nono giorno di ristagno idrico (G). Le barre di scala (linea gialla) in D, E, F e G sono di 5 cm.

Fig. 3 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 3 - The content of total chlorophyll (A) and carotenoids (B) after waterlogging and the end of the recovery period. Means and standard errors were based on five replications. Bars with different letters under the same category indicated a significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) with a paired t-test. C-AW: control after waterlogging, C-ER: control of the end recovery period, AW: after waterlogging, ER: the end of the recovery period. / Contenuto di clorofilla totale (A) e carotenoidi (B) dopo il ristagno idrico e al termine del periodo di recupero. Le medie e gli errori standard si basano su cinque repliche. Le barre con lettere diverse sotto la stessa categoria indicano una differenza significativa (p ≤ 0,05) con un t-test a coppie. C-AW: controllo dopo il ristagno idrico, C-ER: controllo alla fine del periodo di recupero, AW: dopo il ristagno idrico, ER: alla fine del periodo di recupero.

Fig. 2 in Tolerance of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) to the duration of waterlogging and impact on the post-waterlogging and recovery periods

Fig. 2 - Relationship between total chlorophyll and carotenoid content with waterlogging duration. Measurements were made after the flooding ended. Total chlorophyll in control (not waterlogging) (A), and waterlogging duration treatment (B). Carotenoid content in control (C), and the treatment with increasing waterlogging duration (D). / Relazione tra il contenuto di clorofilla totale e carotenoidi con la durata del ristagno idrico. Le misurazioni sono state effettuate dopo la fine del periodo di allagamento. Clorofilla totale nel controllo (senza ristagno d'acqua) (A) e nel trattamento con l'aumento della durata del ristagno idrico (B). Contenuto di carotenoidi nel controllo (C) e nel trattamento con l'aumento della durata del ristagno idrico (D).

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Рис. 2. Схема станΔартных промеров раковины Δвустворчатых моΛΛюсков по А. А. Зютину: L — ΔΛина раковины; H — тоΛщина раковины; D — ширина / выпукΛость Fig. 2. Scheme of bivalve mollusk shell standard measurements: L — shell length; H — shell thickness; D — width / convexity (according to A. A. Zyutin) in Morphometric characteristics of Black Sea mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. as biomarkers of the anthropogenic impact on the Black Sea coastal biocenoses in tourist destinations

Рис. 2. Схема станΔартных промеров раковины Δвустворчатых моΛΛюсков по А. А. Зютину: L — ΔΛина раковины; H — тоΛщина раковины; D — ширина / выпукΛость Fig. 2. Scheme of bivalve mollusk shell standard measurements: L — shell length; H — shell thickness; D — width / convexity (according to A. A. Zyutin)

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Рис. 1. Схема распоΛожения станций отбора проб (сервис ЯнΔекс.Карты) Fig. 1. Location of the sampling stations (source: Yandex.Maps) in Morphometric characteristics of Black Sea mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. as biomarkers of the anthropogenic impact on the Black Sea coastal biocenoses in tourist destinations

Рис. 1. Схема распоΛожения станций отбора проб (сервис ЯнΔекс.Карты) Fig. 1. Location of the sampling stations (source: Yandex.Maps)

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Рис. 3. Ливневый сток, прохоΔящий через территорию муниципаΛьного пΛяжа «Маяк» (фото авторов) Fig. 3. Stormwater runoff passing through the territory of "Mayak" municipal beach (photo by the authors) in Morphometric characteristics of Black Sea mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. as biomarkers of the anthropogenic impact on the Black Sea coastal biocenoses in tourist destinations

Рис. 3. Ливневый сток, прохоΔящий через территорию муниципаΛьного пΛяжа «Маяк» (фото авторов) Fig. 3. Stormwater runoff passing through the territory of "Mayak" municipal beach (photo by the authors)

Fig. 4 in Appraisal of the impact of three insecticides on the principal rice pests and their predators in China

Fig. 4. Temporal dynamics of predator insect diversity (a, diversity index; b, evenness index; c, dominance index; and d, species richness) in rice plots with various treatments (1 application per season).

Fig. 1 in Appraisal of the impact of three insecticides on the principal rice pests and their predators in China

Fig. 1. Effects of Virtako on planthopper abundance (mean number ± SE). Means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test, P> 0.05).

Fig. 3 in Appraisal of the impact of three insecticides on the principal rice pests and their predators in China

Fig. 3. Temporal dynamics of total numbers of predators per 50 hills where insecticide was applied (a) as a single application or (b) as 2 applications to rice plots.

Fig. 5 in Appraisal of the impact of three insecticides on the principal rice pests and their predators in China

Fig. 5. Temporal dynamics of predator insect diversity (a, diversity index; b, evenness index; c, dominance index; and d, species richness) in rice plots with various treatments (2 applications per season).

Fig. 2 in Appraisal of the impact of three insecticides on the principal rice pests and their predators in China

Fig. 2. Effects of Virtako on rice leaffolder abundance (mean number ± SE). Means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test, P> 0.05).

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Figs. 1 and 2 in Studies of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their native ranges help predict invasion impact

Figs. 1 and 2. Machilus (Lauraceae) trees in Huisun Forest, Taiwan, colonized by Xyleborus glabratus and Raffaelea lauricola. 1. Wood pieces excised from an injured but living tree. Staining is a reliable sign of R. lauricola establishment. 2. Injured trees showing symptoms of laurel wilt. Photographs by A. Black.

Fig. 1 in Experimental manipulation reveals few subclinical impacts of a parasite community in juvenile kangaroos

Fig. 1. Mean faecal egg counts for control and anthelmintic-treated juvenile eastern grey kangaroos in two periods post-capture (12–33 days) and initial treatment (40– 90 days) at the Anglesea Golf Club, Victoria, Australia, from March to May 2012. Bars indicate standard errors. It was not always possible to sample each individual in each period; numbers on columns indicate sample size for each time period.

Fig. 3 in Exploiting parallels between livestock and wildlife: Predicting the impact of climate change on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Fig. 3. In marginal grazing systems in Europe sheep often occupy separate summer and winter grazing areas, analogous to the summer and winter ranges of migratory ruminants. In the uplands of Wales, UK, (shown here) sheep are often grazed on extensive areas of land at low stocking densities over the summer period, and sent to lowland dairy farms for winter grazing at higher stocking densities. (Photo: Rose, H.).

Fig. 2 in Exploiting parallels between livestock and wildlife: Predicting the impact of climate change on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Fig. 2. The relative seasonal incidence of ovine parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE) in the Southwest of England, UK, based on monthly diagnoses of (a) Nematodosis (NOS = species not otherwise specified), (b) Haemonchosis and (c) Nematodirosis (van Dijk et al., 2008).

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Fig. 5 in Heartworm and seal louse: Trends in prevalence, characterisation of impact and transmission pathways in a unique parasite assembly on seals in the North and Baltic Sea

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopic images of E. horridus attached to seal skin and fur. A: E. horridus utilizing a hair follicle of harbour seal skin. B: E. horridus attached to seal hair with the head pointing towards seal skin. C: E. horridus with six claws attached to seal fur. D: Close up of an unattached claw of E. horridus. Asterisks positioned on nits of E. horridus. Sale bars: A 200 μm, B 400 μm, C 400 μm, D 100 μm.

Fig. 1 in Exploiting parallels between livestock and wildlife: Predicting the impact of climate change on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Fig. 1. Comparison of the instantaneous daily development rate of Ostertagia ostertagi (grey) and O. gruehneri (black) at a range of constant temperatures. Instantaneous daily development rates were estimated from the time to 50% development of L3, derived from data published in the literature (O. ostertagi: Rose, 1961; Pandey, 1972; Young et al., 1980) and original data (O. gruehneri: Hoar, 2012) as described by Azam et al. (2012).