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1,663 results for “shells”
Planktonic foraminifera count, shell weight and size data from plankton nets from the Fram Strait (PS93.1)
<p>Planktonic foraminifera shells retrieved from different stations in the western Fram Strait (Campaign PS93.1), sampling up to 5 depth intervals at each stations. Foraminifera shells were identified to the species level after Brummer and Kucera (2022) and counted. By colouring from rose Bengal, they were divided into cytoplasm-bearing and empty shells. The average shell weight per species and shell type was measured per sample, and the individual shell size (different size parameters) for all shells.</p> <p>This data is supplement to the dissertation from Tell (2023). Part of the data is published in relation to Tell et al., 2023 on PANGAEA (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.941250), and species counts were also conducted and published by Greco et al. (2022), data likewise available on PANGAEA (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942033">https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942033</a>).</p>
Introgressive hybridization in the west Pacific pen shells (genus Atrina): Restricted interspecies gene flow within the genome
<p>Abstract</p> <p>A compelling interest in marine biology is to elucidate how species boundaries between sympatric free‐spawning marine invertebrates such as bivalve molluscs are maintained in the face of potential hybridization. Hybrid zones provide the natural resources for us to study the underlying genetic mechanisms of reproductive isolation between hybridizing species. Against this backdrop, we examined the occurrence of introgressive hybridization (introgression) between two bivalves distributed in the western Pacific margin, Atrina japonica and Atrina lischkeana, based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Using 1066 ancestry‐informative SNP sites, we also investigated the extent of introgression within the genome to search for SNP sites with reduced interspecies gene flow. A series of our individual‐level clustering analyses including the principal component analysis, Bayesian model‐based clustering, and triangle plotting based on ancestry–heterozygosity relationships for an admixed population sample from the Seto Inland Sea (Japan) consistently suggested the presence of specimens with varying degrees of genomic admixture, thereby implying that the two species are not completely isolated. The Bayesian genomic cline analysis identified 10 SNP sites with reduced introgression, each of which was located within a genic region or an intergenic region physically close to a functional gene. No, or very few, heterozygotes were observed at these sites in the hybrid zone, suggesting that selection acts against heterozygotes. Accordingly, we raised the possibility that the SNP sites are within genomic regions that are incompatible between the two species. Our finding of restricted interspecies gene flow at certain genomic regions gives new insight into the maintenance of species boundaries in hybridizing broadcast‐spawning molluscs.</p>
Data from: No evidence for sex differences in the electrophysiological properties and excitatory synaptic input onto nucleus accumbens shell medium spiny neurons
<p>Sex differences exist in how the brain regulates motivated behavior and reward, both in normal and pathological contexts. Investigations into the underlying neural mechanisms have targeted the striatal brain regions, including the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens core and shell. These investigations yield accumulating evidence of sexually different electrophysiological properties, excitatory synaptic input, and sensitivity to neuromodulator/hormone action in select striatal regions both before and after puberty. It is unknown whether the electrical properties of neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell differ by sex and whether sex differences in excitatory synaptic input are present before puberty. To test the hypothesis that these properties differ by sex, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on male and female medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in acute brain slices obtained from prepubertal rat nucleus accumbens shell. We analyzed passive and active electrophysiological properties, and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). No sex differences were detected; this includes those properties, such as intrinsic excitability, action potential after hyperpolarization, threshold, and mEPSC frequency, that have been found to differ by sex in other striatal regions and/or developmental periods. These findings indicate that, unlike other striatal brain regions, the electrophysiological properties of nucleus accumbens shell MSNs do not differ by sex. Overall, it appears that sex differences in striatal function, including motivated behavior and reward, are likely mediated by other factors and striatal regions.</p>
Fig. 17 in A new species of pheasant shell from the south-western Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae: Tricolia)
Fig. 17. Distribution of T. retrolineata sp. n. (9) and T. elongata (•).
Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Oceanic islands provide an excellent opportunity to study the mode and tempo of phenotypic evolution of terrestrial organisms. Many studies have focused on oceanic islands far from the mainland. Oceanic islands near the mainland may provide distinct perspectives on phenotypic evolution, but a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. To address this gap, this study aimed to reveal when a land snail species inhabiting a volcanic archipelago within 40 km of the mainland diverged and how their</span> <span>shell colours evolved.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location:</span></strong><span> Southern Izu Peninsula and five Izu Islands (Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikine, and Kozu), Japan.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon:</span></strong><span> <em>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</em></span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> Double-digest restricted-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was conducted using 117 individual snails. Molecular phylogenetic and population genomic analyses were performed, including Approximation Bayesian computation (ABC). We then examined whether the island area, elevation</span>, <span>distance from the surrounding landmasses and historical event (bottleneck) explain the shell colour diversity on each island using a phylogenetic generalised linear </span>mixed<span> model (PGLMM).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Snails could be genetically categorised according to the island they inhabited, and on Niijima, their genetic structure was further divided within the island. The divergence times among the extant populations of the snail dated back to 2.1 million years ago (Ma), which is older than that of other animals occurring in this region. Additionally, island elevation positively affected shell colour diversity, and populations with similar shell colour profiles were phylogenetically different.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Island land snails diversified early in the ecosystem of the Izu Islands. This suggests that proximity to the mainland, immobility and the physiological tolerance of passive dispersal in land snails were the main causes of early diversification. Moreover, our study proposes that environments covarying with elevation would determine shell colour diversity on each island through natural selection.</span></p>
Dataset from Nature Materials paper: Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
<p>Dataset of the paper "Amorphous nickel hydroxide shell tailors local chemical environment on platinum surface for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction" accepted in Nature Materials.</p> <p>- GCGA_inputs.zip: A zip file containing all needed input files to run a grand canonical genetic algorithm (GCGA) global optimization structure search. Note that the script would need modifications to be compatible with later version of the GOCIA package, please following the most updated instructions at https://github.com/zishengz/gocia</p> <p>- GCGA_Ni12OxHy_all_samples.db: An ASE database file containing all unique structures from the GCGA search of Ni12OxHy on a Pt(111) surface. </p> <p>- GM_Ni12O25H13.vasp: The structure of the global minimum structure from GCGA search, which is also the surface structure we focused on in this study, in VASP structure format.</p> <p>- rxn_structures.zip: A zip file containing the structures of reaction intermediates investigated in this work, in VASP structure format</p> <p> </p>
Hyperfine interactions in open-shell planar sp2-carbon nanostructures
<p>ORCA data files for the publication:</p> <p>S. Sengupta, T. Frederiksen, and G. Giedke<br><em>Hyperfine interactions in open-shell planar sp2-carbon nanostructures</em><br><a href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.224433" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Phys. Rev. B <strong>107</strong>, 224433 (2023)</a> [arXiv:2303.11422]</p> <p>We investigate hyperfine interaction (HFI) using density-functional theory for several open-shell planar sp2-carbon nanostructures displaying π magnetism. Our prototype structures include both benzenoid ([n]triangulenes and a graphene nanoribbon) as well as nonbenzenoid (indene, fluorene, and indene[2,1-b]fluorene) molecules. Our results obtained with orca indicate that isotropic Fermi contact and anisotropic dipolar terms contribute in comparable strength, rendering the HFI markedly anisotropic. We find that the magnitude of HFI in these molecules can reach more than 100 MHz, thereby opening up the possibility of experimental detection via methods such as electron spin resonance-scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM). Using these results, we obtain empirical models based on π-spin polarizations at carbon sites. These are defined by generic sp2 HFI fit parameters which are derived by matching the computed HFI couplings to π-spin polarizations computed with methods such as Orca, Siesta, or mean-field Hubbard (MFH) models. This approach successfully describes the Fermi contact and dipolar contributions for 13C and 1H nuclei. These fit parameters allow to obtain hyperfine tensors for large systems where existing methodology is not suitable or computationally too expensive. As an example, we show how HFI scales with system size in [n]triangulenes for large n using MFH. We also discuss some implications of HFI for electron-spin decoherence and for coherent nuclear dynamics.</p>
Tetrafluorenofulvalene as a Sterically Frustrated Open-Shell Alkene
<ul> <li>Cartesian coordinates of calculated structures</li> <li>Source data for Fig. 4 and Supplementary Fig. 12, 16–18, and 21</li> </ul>
Design Of A Condition Monitoring System (CMS) For A Gas Compressor Using Shell Bonny Terminal As A Case Study
<p><strong>Subcontracted</strong> <strong>Researcher</strong> <strong>&</strong> <strong>Field</strong> <strong>Electrical</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Electronics</strong> <strong>Engineer</strong>, <em>Shell</em> <em>Bonny</em> <em>Terminal, Nigeria</em>— 2013</p> <p>I served as a Hooks Electric subcontracted researcher and field electrical and electronics engineer at Shell Bonny Terminal, spearheading a groundbreaking project to design and construct a state-of-the-art software condition monitoring system (CMS) for a gas compressor. In addition to my technical responsibilities, I also took charge of integrating this innovative design into the existing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) infrastructure of the plant.</p> <p>Working collaboratively with a team of four talented engineers, I successfully managed and coordinated their efforts throughout the project. Together, we leveraged our collective expertise to develop and implement a fully functional software condition monitoring system. This collaborative approach ensured that our project benefitted from diverse perspectives and skill sets, leading to a comprehensive and robust solution.</p> <p>Utilizing my proficiency in LabVIEW, C#, native C, Java and ActiveX library, I led the development of a cutting-edge data acquisition (DAQ) device for CM system. This device seamlessly captured sensor readings from the live gas compressor in real-time, while the systemic algorithm I designed skillfully tracked false alarms using fallback sensors. By monitoring critical parameters such as ambient and self-temperature, axial speed, vibration, inflow pressure, and outflow pressure, we were able to enhance the system's reliability and performance.</p> <p>Furthermore, I effectively integrated the software condition monitoring system into the plant's existing SCADA infrastructure, ensuring seamless communication and compatibility with the overall plant monitoring and control system. This integration facilitated centralized data management and provided comprehensive insights into the gas compressor's operation, enabling proactive maintenance and efficient decision-making.</p> <p>By successfully managing the team and overseeing the integration process, I ensured that our project aligned seamlessly with the plant's existing infrastructure, resulting in an optimized and harmonized system.</p> <p>Through our collective efforts, we delivered a highly sophisticated and fully integrated software condition monitoring system that significantly improved the management and performance of the gas compressor at Shell Bonny Terminal.</p> <p>I have curated all the resource files that will enable anyone replicate our work. This is shared under the CC-by-4 license.</p> <p>The LabVIEW codes are documented in Work.zip file and all manuals and equipment specifications have been uploaded. I have created a test bench to help anyone quickly test the LabVIEW software in simulation mode. </p> <p>I have also provided a slide presentation that summarizes our work, including methodologies and results.</p>
FIGURE 7 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 7 Shell and body variation in Sarika siamensis.
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma LA-ICP-MS spectral files and stable isotope data from: Geochemical differences between alive, uncrusted and dead, crusted shells of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma: Implications for paleoreconstruction
<p>Planktic foraminiferal-based trace element-calcium ratios (TE/Ca) are a cornerstone in paleoceanographic reconstructions. While TE-environment calibrations are often established through culturing experiments, shell growth in culture is not always consistent with growth in a natural setting. For example, many species of planktic foraminifera thicken their shell at the end of their life cycle, producing a distinct 'gametogenic' crust. Crust is common in fossil foraminifers, however, shells grown in culture do not often develop a thick crust. Here we investigate potential vital effects associated with the crusting process by comparing the trace element (Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca) and stable isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>18</sup>O) composition of alive, fully mature, uncrusted shells to recently deceased, crusted shells of <em>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</em> collected from the same plankton tows off the Oregon (USA) coast. We find that uncrusted (N = 55) shells yield significantly higher Ba/Ca, Na/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Sr/Ca than crusted (N = 66) shells, and crust calcite records significantly lower TE/Ca values for all elements examined. Isotopic mixing models suggest that the crust calcite accounts for ~40 to 70% of crusted shell volume. Comparison of foraminiferal and seawater isotopes indicate that <em>N. pachyderma</em> lives in the upper 90 m of the water column, and that crust formation occurs slightly deeper than their average living depth habitat. Results highlight the necessity to establish calibrations from crusted shells, as application of calibrations from TE-enriched uncrusted shells may yield attenuated or misleading paleoceanographic reconstructions.</p>
Supplementary Data to: "Organic Phases in Bivalve (Arctica islandica) Shells: Their Bulk and Amino Acid Nitrogen Stable Isotope Compositions" in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
<p>This dataset contains the data generated for publication "Organic Phases in Bivalve (<em>Arctica islandica</em>) Shells: Their Bulk and Amino Acid Nitrogen Stable Isotope Compositions", including the following files:</p> <p>Specimen_ID_shell_morphology_measurement: Description of locality of collection, shell ID, shell working ID and the shell morphology measurement which can be referred to Section 2.1 of the manuscript.</p> <p>EA_IRMS_raw_error_propagate: This file contains data showing the m/z 28 signal intensities of all measurements and the error propagation that mentioned in Section 2.3 of the manuscript. It also includes the calculation of analytical accuracy and precision. </p> <p>Statistics: The file contains the summary of statistical analyses performed in this manuscript. Refer to Section 2.7 and 3.3.</p> <p>Recovery: It contains the recovery of the total nitrogen contents or amino acid concentrations after different treatments and this was mentioned in Section 4.1 of the manucript.</p> <p>Mass_balance: The computation procedure that showed in Section 3.4 and discussed in Section 4.3 can be traced in this file.</p> <p>GC-C-IRMS_long_term_sd: The file shows the long-term precision of GC-C-IRMS computed from the mixed standard of amino acids </p> <p>BSIA_d15N: The file contains all the bulk d15N data that used in this manuscript.</p> <p>CSIA_d15N: The file contains all the amino acid d15N data that used in this manuscript.</p> <p>AA_Composition: The file shows AA percent data that used in this manuscript.</p> <p><br> For details see main text of the manuscript.</p> <p><br> </p>
Figure 1 in General Protocol to Obtain D-Glucosamine from Biomass Residues: Shrimp Shells, Cicada Sloughs and Cockroaches
Figure 1. Chitin hydrolysis to obtain D-glucosamine hydrochloride.
Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology of imperiled freshwater mussels
<p>Frequent and strong morphological convergence suggests that determinism tends to supercede historical contingencies in evolutionary radiations. For many lineages living within the water-column of rivers and streams, hydrodynamic forces drive widespread morphological convergence. Living below the sediment-water interface may release organisms from these hydrodynamic pressures, permitting a broad array of morphologies and thus less convergence. However, here, we show that the semi-infaunal freshwater mussels have environmentally determined convergence in shell morphology. Using 3D morphometric data from 715 individuals among 164 Nearctic species, we find that species occurring in rivers with high flow rates have evolved traits that resist dislodgement from their burrowed position in the streambed: thicker shells for their body size, with the thickest sector of the shell being the most deeply buried. Species occurring in low-flow environments have evolved thinner and more uniformly thickened shells, corresponding to an alternative adaptation to dislodgement: increased burrowing efficiency. Within species, individuals also show increased shell thickness for their body size at higher flow rates, suggesting that ecophenotypy may, in part, be an important mechanism for establishing populations in new environments and thus evolutionary divergence in this highly imperiled invertebrate group.</p>
Perigueux, scallop shell
The scallop shell, symbol of the Saint James Way. You can find it all over the infinite roads to Compostela. This is at the main entrance of Perigueux cathedral, Saint Front [45.183567, 0.722020](https://www.google.es/maps/place/Place+de+la+Clautre,+24000+P%C3%A9rigueux,+Francia/@45.1836406,0.7216741,19.25z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x47ff705522b09c3d:0x269184c6e8429e4!8m2!3d45.183333!4d0.721736)  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Columella Shell Bead (1948a44-1)
**Large columella shell bead** Location: Sellers site (31Cy42), Clay County, North Carolina. Period: Mississippian, Qualla phase (AD 1400-1600). Material: marine shell. Dimensions: length, 16.8 mm; width, 14.8 mm; thickness, 13 mm. Notes: Catalog no. 1948a44 (specimen 1 of 2). North Carolina Archaeological Collection, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Chris LaMack. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Oyster Shell
Everyday life in Pontes, Roman Staines - an oyster shell. Visitors to Roman Britannia were not impressed by the cold wet climate and found the locals uncultured and at times somewhat hostile. What they did appreciate though were the fine, if ugly, hunting dogs and the excellent oysters. This is one of many oyster shells found amongst other Roman finds in Staines. 'Kent ware' pottery found in Staines was typically used for the transport of oysters, suggesting the Kent coast as the source for this oyster shell. Writing of the period describes a dressing of pepper, lovage, egg yolk, vinegar, fish sauce, olive oil and wine. Very tasty. Note: In the 'FeatureMatching' node of Meshroom it was critical to enable the 'Guided Matching' feature or Meshroom rejects 50% (one side) of the cameras. With this feature enabled there was 100% camera use. Meshlab was used to tidy-up any unwanted background and to decimate the structure. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Whale bone and shell bracelet
This bracelet is made of whale bone and decorated with lines of dentalium shell. It was collected on Captian Cook's third voyage at Prince William Sound, which is located on the east side of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. It was previously part of the Levarian collection, which was assembled by Ashton Lever and included many items from Captain Cook's voyages. After several decades on display in London, the collection was broken up and sold at auction - where the Cuming family bought a [number of items](http://heritage.southwark.gov.uk/people/2080/leverian-museum/objects) which remain in the collection today. You can see more images and information about this object on [our website](http://heritage.southwark.gov.uk/objects/6434/bracelet?ctx=a0b2007d-0093-4646-b336-3706dc3a9ea1&idx=5). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shell Cup
This shell cup made from a large lightning Whelk shell. Model made by Gabrielle Quigley. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shell Cup
Shell cup, knobbed welk (FS2021-0109-72) excavated by City of St. Augustine archaeologists. To learn more about the City of St. Augustine Archaeology Program, visit: https://www.citystaug.com/Archaeology This model was created using RealityCapture software by Capturing Reality. Model by Emma Dietrich Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.