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FIGURE 14. A–B in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 14. A–B: Hymenocephalus barbatulus: A—Figure from Gilbert & Hubbs (1920). B—Figure from Cohen et al. (1990). C–E: Hymenocephalus nesaeae: Holotype, MNHN 1995-0869, C—Lateral view of head, D—Dorsal view of head, E—inner face of otolith. F–J: Hymenocephalus papyraceus: F—BSKU 099483, lateral view of head, G—Holotype, USNM 50935, lateral view of head, H—BSKU 099483, dorsal view of head, I—BSKU 44761, inner face of otolith, J—BSKU 44761, ventral view of otolith.

FIGURE 6 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 6. Heads and otoliths of the species of Hymenogadus: A–I—Hymenogadus gracilis, A–D—ZMH 111113, A—Dorsal view of head, B—Ventral view of head and trunk, C–D—Lateral views of head, E—Inner face of otolith, coll. Schwarzhans (leg. IRSNB), F–H—USNM 131873, F—Anterior view of otolith, G—Inner face of otolith, H—Ventral view of otolith, I—ZMH 107658, inner face of otolith. J–L—Hymenogadus tenuis, holotype, J—Lateral view of head, K—Dorsal view of head, L—Radiograph of head depicting otolith.

FIGURE 10 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 10. Hymenocephalus iwamotoi: A—Holotype, WAM P.25401-003, TL 86+ mm (photo M. Krag). B—Paratype, WAM 25401-020, TL 90+ mm, head close-up (photo M. Krag).

FIGURE 1. D in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 1. D—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique dorso-lateral view. E—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique lateral view. F—Neuromasts in head canals in oblique ventro-lateral view.

FIGURE 4 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 4. Otoliths of the species of Spicomacrurus: A–B—Spicomacrurus adelscotti, WAM P.28073-004, A—Inner face, B—Ventral view. C–D—Spicomacrurus mccoskeri, MNHN 1994-0881, C—Inner face, D—Ventral view. E–G—Spicomacrurus kuronumai, E–F—NSMT P46796, E—Inner face, F—Ventral view, G—NSMT P103488, inner face.

FIGURE 1 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 1. Head morphology and sensory system of Hymenocephalus: A—Head morphology in lateral view. B—Head morphology in dorsal view. C—Head morphology in ventral view.

FIGURE 13 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 13. Hymenocephalus aterrimus: A—USNM 216161, lateral view of head. B—USNM 51677, cotype, lateral view of head. C—USNM 216161, dorsal view of head. D–L—Otoliths, E, G–L—Inner faces, D—Anterior view, F—Ventral view, D–F—MNHN 1997-0670, G—USNM 405736, H—BSKU-ED915, I—MNHN 1994-0876/2, J—MCZ 51405/1, K—AMS I.30384-006, L—MNHN 1994-0872.

FIGURE 18 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 18. Hymenocephalus lethonemus: A–B—BSKU 94418, A—Lateral view of head, B—Dorsal view of head. C–G—Otoliths, C–E—Inner faces, F—Ventral view, G—Anterior view, C—NSMT P 46740, D—NSMT P 93138, E–G—BSKU 109012.

FIGURE 19 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 19. Hymenocephalus nascens: A–B—MNHN 1995-0873, A—Lateral view of head, B—Dorsal view of head. C—BSKU 098184, lateral view of head. D–E—WAM P.32344-001, D—Lateral view of head, E—Dorsal view of head. F—AMS I.17813-009, lateral view of head. G–M, O–P—Otoliths, G–I, L–M, P—Inner faces, J—Anterior view, K, O—Ventral views, G—WAM P.32344-001, H—BSKU 98184, I–K—BSKU 98187, L–M—USNM 99451, O–P—WAM P.31799-003. N—WAM P.31799-003, lateral view of head.

FIGURE 3 in Head and otolith morphology of the genera Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus and Spicomacrurus (Macrouridae), with the description of three new species

FIGURE 3. Heads of the species of Spicomacrurus: A–B—Spicomacrurus dictyogadus, holotype, MNHN 2009-1455, redrawn from Iwamoto, Shao & Ho (2011), A—Lateral view, B—Dorsal view. C–D—Spicomacrurus adelscotti, WAM P.28073-004, C—Lateral view, D—Dorsal view. E–F—Spicomacrurus kuronumai, E—Lateral view, NSMT P46796, F—Dorsal view, NSMT P103488. G–H—Spicomacrurus mccoskeri, MNHN 1994-0881, G—Lateral view, H—Dorsal view.

Figure 24 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 24. Map of Alaska and northwestern Canada showing know locals of C. d. decemnotata (blue star).

Figure 19. Labrum. A. C. d in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 19. Labrum. A. C. d. decemnotata, male, "MT: Yellowstone Co., NE of Billings, 15-IV-2010" (MGKC). B. C. d. decemnotata, female, "MT: Beaverhead Co., Centennial Valley, 25-VIII-2009" (MGKC). C. C. d. meriwetheri, female, "WA: Walla Walla Co., 24 September 2000, Hwy 12 2.8 m. E of Hwy 730" (MGKC). D. C. d. bonnevillensis, male, "UT: Tooele Co.: Dugway Proving Grounds, 10-V-2009" (MGKC).

Figure 21 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 21. Comparison of congruent tree topologies recovered in phylogenetic reconstruction using maximum parsimony, Bayesian Inference, and Maximum Likelihood. Branches and taxa are color-coded according to match groups of sister species and subspecies of C. decemnotata postulated from morphology. Previously published sequences obtained from the NCBI database are marked with REF as their haplotype designation. A. The left cladogram represents one of thirty-one equally parsimonious rooted trees retrieved from unweighted reconstruction under a branch-and-bound search with a combined concatenated cob and cox1 dataset. This tree recovered a length of 42 for 1157 total characters; of which 17 (1.5% total sample) were potentially parsimony informative. Statistical supports>50% are given near their respective nodes in the form of Bootstrap values (BP), and third-delete Jackknife (JK). B. The middle cladogram represents the consensus rooted tree for a combined concatenated cob and cox1 dataset recovered from Bayesian Inference under a General Time Reversible (GTR) model with invariable base frequencies (I). Posterior Probabilities are given near their respective nodes. C. The right cladogram represents the best scoring rooted tree for a combined concatenated cob and cox1 dataset retrieved from maximum likelihood reconstruction under the GTR+I model.

Figure 17 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 17. Overlap between middle band and subapical dot grading system. Overlap, or lack of, between apical lunule and post part of middle band; A. 0 (widely separate). B. 1 (separate). C. 2 (narrow overlap). D. 3 (broadly overlapped).

Figure 15. Apical lunule grading system. 0 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 15. Apical lunule grading system. 0 to 3 refers to increasing size of apical lunule: A. 0 (absent). B. 1. C. 2. D. 3 (largest).

Figure 14. Middle band grading system. 1 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 14. Middle band grading system. 1 to 7 refers to increasing size and completeness of middle band: A. 0 (absent). B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. E. 4. F. 5. G. 6. H. 7 (largest).

Figure 13. Humeral lunule grading system. 0 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 13. Humeral lunule grading system. 0 to 3 refers to increasing size of humeral lunule: A. 0 (absent). B. 1. C. 2. D. 3 (largest).

Figure 16. Connection between subapical and apical dots grading system. 0 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 16. Connection between subapical and apical dots grading system. 0 to 3 refers to connection between sub apical dot and apical dot: A. 0 (widely separate). B. 1 (separate). C. 2 (thin connection). D. 3 (broadly connected).

Figure 23 in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 23. Map of western United States and Canada showing know locals of C. d. decemnotata (blue star), C. d. meriwetheri (orange square), C. d. bonnevillensis (red triangle) and C. d. montevolans (olive green outlined circle). Shaded area represents the approximate size and location of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville.

Figure 10. Proepisternal color. A. Cicindela d in A morphological and mtDNA analysis of the badlands tiger beetle, Cicindela (s. str.) decemnotata Say, 1817 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of three new subspecies C. Barry Knisley

Figure 10. Proepisternal color. A. Cicindela d. decemnotata, male, "ID: Freemont Co., Targhee Nat. Forrest, 18- V-2007" (MGKC). B. Cicindela d. decemnotata, male, "MT: Broadwater Co., SE of Canyon Ferry Res., 7-V-2007" (MGKC)