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FIGURES 31–43. Mycetophilidae habitus. 31 in Types of Neotropical Mycetophilidae (Diptera) at the Natural History Museum collection, London
FIGURES 31–43. Mycetophilidae habitus. 31. Monoclona nigriventris Edwards, holotype ♂. 32. Monoclona trifasciata Edwards, holotype ♂. 33. Neoaphelomera armata Freeman, holotype ♂. 34. Neoaphelomera cristata (Freeman), holotype ♂. 35. Neoaphelomera inermis (Freeman), holotype ♀. 36. Neoaphelomera subcompleta (Edwards), holotype ♂. 37. Paratrizygia infuscata Freeman, paratype ♂. 38. Paratrizygia quadripectinata (Edwards), holotype ♂. 39. Paratrizygia setifera Freeman, paratype ♀. 40. Paratrizygia spinulosa Freeman, holotype ♂. 41. Parvicellula flabellifera Freeman, paratype ♀. 42. Parvicellula producta Freeman, holotype ♂. 43. Phthinia fasciata Freeman, holotype ♂.
FIGURES 1–9. Mycetophilidae habitus. 1 in Types of Neotropical Mycetophilidae (Diptera) at the Natural History Museum collection, London
FIGURES 1–9. Mycetophilidae habitus. 1. Acnemia flavicoxa Freeman, holotype ♂. 2. Acnemia fulvicollis (Philippi), ♀. 3. Acnemia funerea Freeman, holotype ♂. 4. Acnemia vittata Freeman, holotype ♀. 5. Allocotocera flavicoxa Freeman, holotype ♂. 6. Allocotocera glandularis Edwards, paratype ♀. 7. Allocotocera nigricoxa Freeman, paratype ♀. 8. Aneura basalis Freeman, paratype ♂. 9. Aneura longistila Freeman, paratype ♀.
Data underlying RSOS-210474: Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of a wet-collection syntype demonstrates the importance of type material as genetic resource for Lantern Shark taxonomy (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae)
<p>After initial detection of target archival DNA of a 116 year old syntype specimen of the Smooth Lanternshark, <i>Etmopterus pusillus</i> in a single stranded DNA library, we shotgun-sequenced additional 9 million reads from this same DNA library. Sequencing reads were used for extracting mitochondrial sequence information for analyses of mitochondrial DNA characteristics and reconstruction of the mitochondrial genome. The archival DNA is highly fragmented. A total of 4,599 mitochondrial reads were available for the genome reconstruction using an iterative mapping approach. The resulting genome sequence has a 12 times coverage and a length of 16,741 basepairs. All 37 vertebrate mitochondrial loci plus the control region were identified and annotated. The mitochondrial NADH2 gene was subsequently used to place the syntype haplotype in a network comprising multiple <i>E. pusillus</i> samples from various distant localities as well as sequences from a morphological similar species, the Shortfin Smooth Lantern Shark <i>Etmopterus joungi</i>. Results confirm the almost global distribution of <i>E. pusillus</i> and suggest <i>E. joungi </i>to be a junior synonym of <i>E. pusillus</i>. As mitochondrial DNA often represents the only available reference information in non-model organisms, this study illustrates the importance of mitochondrial DNA from an aged, wet-collection type specimen for taxonomy.</p>
FIGS 34 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 34±39. Otostigmus proponens holotype. (34) Right forcipular femoroid process and coxosternal toothplates; (35) tergite 16; (36) tergite 21 and prefemora of end legs; (37) sternite 17; (38) sternite 21 and left coxopleuron; (39) ventral view of terminal segments and prefemora of end legs. Scale line 51 mm.
FIGS 40 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 40±47. Otostigmus pamuanus holotype. (40) Left antenna dorsal view; (41) forcipular coxosternal toothplates; (42) left forcipular femoroid process; (43) tergite 14 (spines not shown); (44) tergite 21; (45) sternite 11; (46) ventral view terminal segments; (47) internal view of prefemur of right end leg. Scale line 51 mm.
FIGS 8 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 8±11. Otostigmus simplex spm 1. (8) Dorsal view of head capsule; (9) forcipular coxosternal toothplates and process of left femoroid; (10) ventral view of terminal segments; (11) internal (posterior) surface of prefemur of end leg. Scale line 51 mm.
FIGS 26 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 26±33. Otostigmus glaber. Holotype: (26) forcipular coxosternal toothplates and left forcipular femoroid process; (27) sternite 12; (28) terminal segments ventral view; (29) outer surface of right and inner view of left coxopleural process, lateral view; i internal spine. Scale line 50.5 mm. Paratypes: (30) forcipular coxosternal tooth plates, spm 2019; (31) tergite 14, spm 1938; (32) parts of tergites 16 and 17, spm 1990; (33) terminal segments ventral view, spm 1934. Scale line 51.0 mm.
FIGS 12 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 12±17. Otostigmus barbouri holotype. (12) Forcipular coxosternal tooth plates; (13) process of left forcipular femoroid; (14) tergite 21; (15) sternite 13; (16) terminal segments, ventral view; (17) internal (posterior) surface of prefemur of end leg. Scale line 51 mm.
FIGS 48 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 48±53. Otostigmus completus holotype. (48) Basal four antennomeres, left antenna dorsal view; (49) coxosternal toothplates; (50) tergite 5; (51) sternite 19; (52) terminal segments, ventral view; (53) lateral view of left coxopleural process, pores omitted. Scale line 51 mm.
FIGS 1 in A re-examination of 11 species of Otostigmus from the Indo- Australian region described by R. V. Chamberlin based on type specimens in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (Chilopoda; Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae)
FIGS 1±7. Otostigmus amballae holotype. (1) Forcipular coxosternal tooth plates and process of left forcipular femoroid; (2) tergite 16; (3) tergite 21; (4) sternite 12; (5) sternite 19 to show tubercles; (6) terminal segments, ventral view, the second end spine not visible; (7) external lateral view left coxopleuron. Scale line 51 mm.
Fig. 10 in The 'Lost' Types of Carabus Pallens Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae) from the Banks and Hunter Collections: Lectotype Designation, Redescription, and Distribution
Fig. 10. Carabus pallens re-housed into modern storage unit tray retaining arrangement exactly as original in HMUG.
Fig. 5 in The 'Lost' Types of Carabus Pallens Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae) from the Banks and Hunter Collections: Lectotype Designation, Redescription, and Distribution
Fig. 5. Plochionus pallens, ventral view of adhesive setae of male paralectotype. dp = distal plate, n = nodule,
Figs. 3–4. Plochionus pallens. 3 in The 'Lost' Types of Carabus Pallens Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae) from the Banks and Hunter Collections: Lectotype Designation, Redescription, and Distribution
Figs. 3–4. Plochionus pallens. 3) Male aedeagus, dorsal, left, and right lateral aspects – lp = left paramere, os = ostium, rp = right paramere, s = setae, sc = sagittal crest; 4) Female reproductive system, dorsal aspect – b = base of gonocoxite, bc = bursa copulatrix, bl = blade of gonocoxite, co = common oviduct, des = dorsal ensiform seta, gc1 and gc2 = gonocoxite 1 and 2, lt = laterotergite.
Fig. 1 in Beetle Heritage: Cataloguing the Primary Types of Coleoptera in the C. A. Triplehorn Insect Collection
Fig. 1. Time difference between collecting dates of primary types of Coleoptera and dates of publication through the history of the Triplehorn Insect Collection. Average time difference = 12.7 years, median difference = 10.
FIGURE 21 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURE 21. Packet in BM labelled "[34] Gomphogramma rupestre mihi et […] Höllenthal, Sept. 1847 A. Braun [Kützing] 876".
FIGURES 5–17 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURES 5–17. Tetracyclus rupestre (Kützing). Figures 5–11: BM 17890! Höllenthal, Sep.1847 A. Braun [Kützing] 876, lectotype of Denticula thermalis β [var.] ('rupestris') rupestre Kutz. Figures 12–17: BM 25735!, H.L. Smith, Diat. Spec. typ. No. 174 ("Ad rupes humectas", "Hollenthal near Freiburg"). Scale bar approx. 10μm.
FIGURES 1–2 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURES 1–2. Reproduction of original description of Gomphogramma A. Braun and Gomphogramma rupestre A. Braun from Rabenhorst 1853, p. 33, pl. 9 [Gomphogramma, Fig. 1].
FIGURE 4 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURE 4. Reproduction of Rabenhorst's number 624, Gomphogramma rupestre, from Die Algen Sachsens resp. Mittel-Europa's (Rabenhorst 1857).
FIGURE 3 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURE 3. Reproduction of original description of Denticula thermalis β [var.] rupestre from Kützing 1849, p. 12.
FIGURE 20 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
FIGURE 20. Packet in BM labelled "[34] Gomphogramma rupestre A. Braun nov. gen. Diatomacearum". Packet annotated in an additional hand at top with Denticula thermalis β [var.] ('rupestris') rupestre.
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