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FIGURE 4 in The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.

FIGURE 4. Litorogammarus dursi sp. nov., holotype Ô, ZMMU Mb-1243 (a–c, e, f, i, j), paratype ♀, ZMMU Mb-1244 (d, g, h, k, l): a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c, d—antenna II; e, g—gnathopod I; f, h—palmar margin of chela of GnI; i, k—gnathopod II; j, l—palmar margin of chela of GnII.

FIGURE 7 in The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.

FIGURE 7. Litorogammarus dursi sp. nov., holotype Ô, ZMMU Mb-1243 (a–f, h, j, k), paratype ♀, ZMMU Mb-1244 (g, i, l): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d—telson; e—pleopod I; f—retinacula of pleopod I; h, g—uropod I; i, j—pleopod II; k, l—uropod III.

FIGURE 17 in The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.

FIGURE 17. Pectenogammarus oliviiformis (Greze, 1985) comb. nov., Ô (a, c, e, g, i, j, k, m, o), ♀ (b, d, f, h, l, n, p): a–f— epimeral plates I–III; g, h—telson I; i—pleopod I; j—retinacula of pleopod I; k, l—uropods I; m, n—uropod II; p, o—uropod III.

FIGURE 14 in The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.

FIGURE 14. Pectenogammarus oliviiformis (Greze, 1985) comb. nov., Ô (a, b, d, e, g, h, j, k), ♀ (c, f, i, l): a, c—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; d, f—antenna II; e—calceoli of AII; g, i—gnathopod I; h—palmar margin of chela of GnI; j, l—gnathopod II; k—palmar margin of chela of GnII.

FIGURE 2. Astrotholus infernalis n. gen. n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)

FIGURE 2. Astrotholus infernalis n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1122403. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close view of abactinal, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, covered by spinelets. C. Abactinal and superomarginal plates denuded. D. Oral view close view. E. Oral surface. F. Furrow and adambulacral spination.

FIGURE 3. Astrotholus mei n. gen. n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)

FIGURE 3. Astrotholus mei n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1662082 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal granules. C. Oral surface. D. Oral surface showing mouth, actinal and furrow spines. E. Lateral view showing abactinal granules, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. F. Close-up of furrow and actinal spines.

FIGURES 60–65 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 60–65. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (60–62 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 63 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 64–65 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California), left pedipalp. 60 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. 61 Medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. 62, 64–65 Patellar apophysis, dorsal. 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, retrolateral. Unlabelled arrows indicate diagnostic characters: basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis (60); dorso-basal group of peg setae (62); dorsal keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis (63); large and small peg setae (64–65).

FIGURES 66–69 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 66–69. Rothaeina beaudini spec. nov., females from California (66–67 from Delta; 68 from Manzanita Lake; 69 from Lake Almanor), copulatory organ. 66 Epigyne, ventral. 67–69 Vulva (67–68 dorsal, 69 ventral). BG—Bennett's gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial opening (66–67, 69).

FIGURES 84–86 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 84–86. Distributions of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. species (84 Neocybaeina burnetti spec. nov. and N. xantha comb. nov.; 85 Rothaeina beaudini spec. nov., R. jamesi spec. nov., R. mackinleyi spec. nov., and R. sequoia comb. nov.; 86 Rothaeina petersoni spec. nov.) AZ—Arizona, CA—California, ID—Idaho, MT—Montana, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT—Utah, WA—Washington.

FIGURES 80–83 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 80–83. Rothaeina sequoia comb. nov. females from California (80–82 from Pepperwood; 83 from Scotia), copulatory organ. 80 Epigyne, ventral. 81–83 Vulva (81 ventral; 82–83 dorsal). BG—Bennett's gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (80, 82–83 single shafted arrows), and ring-like loops of spermathecae (80 double shafted arrows).

FIGURES 75–79 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 75–79. Rothaeina petersoni spec. nov., females from California (75 from Kyburz; 76 from Sierra City; 77 from Tamarack Flat; 78 from Forest Hill; 79 from near Yuba Pass), copulatory organ. 75 Epigyne, ventral. 76–79 Vulva, dorsal). BG—Bennett's gland, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (75–76, 78 single shafted arrows), and ring-like loops of spermathecae (75–76, 79 double shafted arrows).

FIGURES 53–59 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 53–59. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (53 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 54–55 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 56–57 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California; 58–59 R. sequoia comb. nov. holotype), left pedipalp. 53–54, 56, 58 Patellar apophysis and tibia, retrolateral. 55 Patella, dorsal. 57, 59 Tibia and patella, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis. Unlabelled arrow indicates basal hump of patellar apophysis (59). Note: in Figs 53, 58–59 the distal end of the mRTA is a rigid spine-like process; in Figs 56–57 the mRTA terminates distally in a basally articulated macroseta.

FIGURE 28 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURE 28. Distributions of Cybaeina species. Cybaeina confusa, C dixoni spec. nov., and C. minuta. AB—Alberta, AZ— Arizona, BC—British Columbia, CA—California, ID—Idaho, MO—Montana, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT—Utah, WA— Washington.

FIGURES 43–52 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 43–52. Rothaeina gen. nov. species, males (43–44 R. jamesi spec. nov. holotype; 45–47 R. mackinleyi spec. nov. from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 48–49 R. petersoni spec. nov. from near Kyburz, California; R. sequoia comb. nov. 50, 52 from Pepperwood, California, 51 from Carlotta, California), left pedipalp. 43, 45, 48, 50 Genital bulb, ventral. 44, 46, 49 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. 47 Tegular apophysis and embolus, ventro-retrolateral. 51 Tegular apophysis, retrolateral. 52 Distal half of embolus, ventral. DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, TR—tegular ridge. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal keel (45–46 single shafted arrow) and basal projection (43, 48, 50 double shafted arrow) of proximal arm of tegular apophysis and small hooks (52 dashed arrow) on embolus.

FIGURES 36–42 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 36–42. Neocybaeina gen. nov. species, females from Oregon (36–39 N. xantha comb. nov., 36 from Bandon, 37–39 from Roseburg; 40–42 N. burnetti spec. nov., 40–41 from Carpenterville, 42 from Gold Beach), copulatory organ. 36, 40 Epigyne, ventral. 37–39, 41–42 Vulva (37 dorsal; 38 ventral; 39, 41 atrial openings, copulatory ducts, and heads, stalks, and proximal portion of bases of spermathecae, ventral; 42 left half of vulva, dorsal). BG—Bennett's gland, BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (36, 38, 40).

FIGURES 3–7 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 3–7. Cybaeina species, males (3 C. confusa from Cascadia, Oregon; 4 C. confusa from unknown locality; 5 C. dixoni spec. nov. from Brookings, Oregon; 6–7 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia), left pedipalp. 3, 5–6 Genital bulb, ventral. 4, 7 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. Cy—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, Ti—tibia, TR—tegular ridge.

FIGURES 19–21 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 19–21. Cybaeina confusa, females (19 from Rose Harbour, British Columbia; 20–21 holotype), copulatory organ. 19 Epigyne, ventral. 20–21 Vulva (20 ventral, 21 dorsal). BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (19–21).

FIGURES 8–13 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 8–13. Cybaeina species, males (8–9 C. confusa from Cascadia, Oregon; 10–11 C. dixoni spec. nov. holotype; 12–13 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia), left pedipalp. 8, 12 Tibia and distal portion of patella, retrolateral. 10 Tibia and patella, retrolateral. 9, 11 Tibia and patella, dorsal. 13 left half of patella, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, Ti—tibia. Note: in Figs 8–9 the mRTA terminates distally in a basally articulated macroseta; in Figs 10–12 the distal end is a short rigid spine-like process.

FIGURES 14–18 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 14–18. Cybaeina and Neocybaeina gen. nov. species, males (14–15 C. dixoni spec. nov. holotype; 16–17 C. minuta from Kyuquot, British Columbia; 18 N. xantha comb. nov. from near Bridge, Oregon), left pedipalp retrolateral. 14, 16 tibia and distal tip of patellar apophysis. 15, 17 medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis. 18 distal tip of patellar apophysis. Arrows indicate medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14–17 single shafted arrows), distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (14, 16 double shafted arrows), unknown contaminant on dorsal surface of patellar apophysis (18 dashed arrow).

FIGURES 29–35 in Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)

FIGURES 29–35. Neocybaeina xantha comb. nov., males from Oregon (29, 33–35 from near Glide; 30 from unknown locale; 31–32 from near Bridge), left pedipalp. 29 Genital bulb, ventral. 30 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. 31–34 Tibia and patella (31, 33 retrolateral; 32, 34 dorsal). 35 medial component and distal tip of distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, dorsal. Cy—cymbium, DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, dRTA—distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, mRTA—medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, Tr—trichobothrium. Note: in Figs 31, 33–35 the distal end of the mRTA is a short rigid spine-like process; in Fig. 32 the mRTA terminates distally with a short basally articulated macroseta.