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FIGURE 1A–E in A new mycophagous gall midge, Miombomyia brevicollis gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae: Micromyinae), from the Caprivi Strip of northeastern Namibia

FIGURE 1A–E. Miombomyia brevicollis gen. et sp. nov., males. A: Flagellomeres 12‒14, lateral, holotype. B: Flagellomeres 3‒5, lateral, holotype. C: Femur to tarsus of fore leg, lateral, paratype. D: Head and thorax, lateral, holotype. E: Wing, dorsal, paratype. Scale for A and B, 0.05 mm, for C and E, 0.5 mm, and for D, 0.025 mm. Abbreviations: cp eye = compound eye, ltg = laterotergite, plp = palpus, prn = pronotum, sct = scutum.

FIGURE 6. 1–33, 36–38, 41, 42. Funeralaspis deathvalleyensis n. gen. n in Funeralaspis n. gen.: a new odontopleurine trilobite from the early Middle Ordovician (Dapingian) of Death Valley, eastern California, USA, and the classification of Ordovician odontopleurines

FIGURE 6. 1–33, 36–38, 41, 42. Funeralaspis deathvalleyensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Antelope Valley Formation (Dapingian), west flank of Funeral Mountains, Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, eastern California, USA. 1, 6–8, 14. Pygidium, SUI 148688, dorsal, posterior, anterior, ventral, and left lateral views, x15. 2–4. Pygidium, SUI 148689, dorsal, right lateral, and posterior views, x15. 5, 10, 12, 15, 18. Pygidium, SUI 148690, dorsal, right lateral, ventral, posterior, and anterior views, x15. 9, 13, 17. Pygidium, SUI 148691, dorsal, posterior, and left lateral views, x17. 11, 21, 22. Pygidium, SUI 148692, left lateral, posterior, and dorsal views, x20. 16, 19, 20. Pygidium, SUI 148693, dorsal, posterior, and right lateral views, x17. 23, 26, 30. Pygidium, SUI 148694, right lateral, dorsal, and posterior views, x25. 24, 27, 31. Pygidium, SUI 148695, dorsal, posterior, and right lateral views, x25. 25, 28, 29, 33. Pygidium and thoracic segments, SUI 148696, dorsal, right lateral, posterior, and ventral views, x15. 32, 36, 37. Pygidium, SUI 148697, dorsal, left lateral, and posterior views, x15. 38, 41, 42. Pygidium, SUI 148698, dorsal, left lateral, and posterior views, x15. 34, 35, 39, 40.?acidaspidine pygidium, SUI 148699, dorsal, ventral, posterior, and right lateral views, x15.

FIGURES 12–15 in Papuamicrus gen. n., a new genus of Cephenniini from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 12–15. Papuamicrus globosus gen. & sp. n. Aedeagus in ventral (12, 14) and lateral (13, 15) views.

FIGURES 1–4 in Papuamicrus gen. n., a new genus of Cephenniini from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 1–4. Papuamicrus globosus gen. & sp. n. Habitus of male in dorsal (1), ventral (2) and lateral (3) views; head of male in lateral view (4).

FIGURES 5–11 in Papuamicrus gen. n., a new genus of Cephenniini from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

FIGURES 5–11. Papuamicrus globosus gen. & sp. n. Head of male (5, 6) and female (7, 8) in anterodorsal (5, 7) and lateral (6, 8) views; head and prothorax in ventral view (9); left antenna in ventral view (10); pterothorax in ventral view (11). Abbreviations: bst, basisternal region of prosternum; cx1, procoxa; cx2, mesocoxa; cx3, metacoxa; fg, frontal gland; gp, gular plate; gs, gular suture; hy, hypomeron; lbr, labrum; md, mandible; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral intermesocoxal process; mtvp, metaventral intermetacoxal process; mxp, maxillary palp; nss, notosternal suture; plb, prelabium; psp, prosternal process; stIII, abdominal sternite III; v3, metaventrite.

Fig. 6. Cisandina n. gen. immature stages, C. philippa n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Fig. 6. Cisandina n. gen. immature stages, C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0336: (a) penultimate instar in dorso-lateral view; (b) last instar in dorso-lateral view; (c) host plant of C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat., Taquara micrantha (Poaceae) in situ; (d) inflorescence material of (c); C. castanya n. sp. based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0188: (e) second instar in lateral view; (f) third instar in lateral view; (g) fourth instar in lateral view; (h) pupa in lateral view; (i) pupa in ventral view; (j) host plant of C. castanya n. sp., Olyra latifolia (Poaceae) in situ. Scale bar = 1 mm for a, b, e-g; 5 mm for h, i.

Fig. 4. Cisandina n. gen. female genitalia, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Fig. 4. Cisandina n. gen. female genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; illustration showing arrangement of signa below (not to scale); (b) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([a and b] based on dissection SN-20-53); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (c) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded; illustration showing arrangement of signa to right (not to scale); (d) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([c and d] based on dissection SN-20-11); C. castanya n. sp.: (e) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (f) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([e and f] based on dissection SN-20-13); C. fida n. comb.: (g) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (h) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([g and h] based on dissection SN-15-180); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (i) female genitalia

Fig. 7. Cisandina philippa n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Fig. 7. Cisandina philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat. head capsule illustration based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0336: (a) penultimate instar in frontal view; (b) last instar in frontal view. Cisandina castanya n. sp. head capsule illustrations based on 2020-FLP-IMM-0188: c) second instar in frontal view; (d) third instar in frontal view; (e) fourth (last) instar in frontal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Cisandina n. gen. adults, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Fig. 2. Cisandina n. gen. adults, C. lea n. comb.: (a) male lectotype of Papilio lea in dorsal view; (b) male lectotype of Papilio lea in ventral view (associated labels to the right); (c) female lectotype of Papilo junia in dorsal view; (d) female lectotype of Papilo junia in ventral view (associated labels to the right); C. esmeralda n. sp., e) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (f) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (g) male indivdual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103081); (h) female individual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103092); C. castanya n. sp.: (i) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (j) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (BC-DZ-139); C. fida fida n. comb.: (k) male paralectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (l) female lectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); C. fida directa n. ssp.: (m) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (n) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (DNA voucher LEP-14650, but sequence not obtained); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (o) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (p) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP 103661); C. trinitesis n. comb.: (q) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (r) female allotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 3. Cisandina n. gen. male genitalia, C. lea n in Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Fig. 3. Cisandina n. gen. male genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (b) posterior view of juxta; (c) lateral view of phallus; (d) posterior view of genitalic capsule indicating the reduced appendices angulares ([a to c] based on dissection KW-14-18, [d] based on dissection SN-20-16); C. esmeralda n. sp.: (e) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (f) posterior view of juxta; (g) lateral view of phallus (e to g) based on dissection SN-20- 14); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (h) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (i) posterior view of juxta; (j) lateral view of phallus ([h to j] based on dissection SN-20-34); C. castanya n. sp.: (k) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (l) posterior view of juxta; (m) lateral view of phallus; (n) vesica everted to visualize cornuti ([k to m] based on dissection SN-20-12, [n] based on SN-20-32); C. fida n. comb.: (o) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (p) posterior view of juxta; (q) lateral view of phallus ([o to q] based on dissection SN-20-40); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (r) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (s) posterior view of juxta; (t) lateral view of phallus ([r to t] based on dissection SN-14-149); C. trinitesis n. comb.: (u) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (v) posterior view of juxta; (w) lateral view of phallus ([u to w] based on dissection SN-20-84). Scale bar = 1 mm. Drawings of C. sanmarcos n. comb. are reproduced from Nakahara et al. (2018a).

Figure 7 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 7. Deviata multilineae from life (A–I) and asser protargol impregnation (J–N). A, F, ventral view of a representative individual, arrowhead in (F) marks the algae in the cell. B–D, G, H, ventral views of different cells, arrowheads indicate contractile vacuole. E, ventral view, showing the detail of cirri and their surrounded globules. I, denoting the macronuclear nodules and the cytoplasm. J, K, N, ventral (J, N) and dorsal (K) view of the same representative cell, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus, arrowhead in (J) marks the buccal cirrus, arrows and arrowheads in (K, N) indicate macronuclear nodules and micronuclei, respectively. L, dorsal view to show the less marginal rows on dorsal side. M, ventral view, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus. 1–3, dorsal kineties 1–3; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVR1–3, frontoventral cirral rows 1–3; LMR, less marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PBC, parabuccal cirri; RMR, right marginal row. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figure 8 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 8. Nucleotide differences between deviatids based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. In (A), the lower less values of the table indicate the sequence similarity, the upper right numbers are numbers of nucleotide differences. The numbers in the header (B) indicate the unmatched site positions. In A, B, the newly obtained sequences are in red. '**' indicates the sequence Perisincirra sp. (KY855575) which was likely misidentified and can be considered conspecific with Deviata brasiliensis. 'H', Heterodeviata.

Figure 5 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 5. Morphogenetic process of Heterodeviata sinica asser protargol impregnation. A, showing the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of a very early divider, showing oral primordium of the opisthe (arrowhead). C–E, ventro-lateral (C, D) and dorsolateral (E) views of the same early divider, in this stage, anlagen I–IV (C), two right marginal anlagen (E) formed, adoral zone of membranelles incompletely formed (arrowhead in C), and arrowhead in (D) shows the parental endoral beginning to disintegrate. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) views of two middle dividers, arrowheads in (G) showing dorsal kinety anlage 2. H, I, ventral (H) and dorsal view (I) of two middle dividers, in this stage, anlagen I–IV dedifferentiating into cirri (H), and two bristles of dorsal kinety 2 formed (arrowheads in H, I). J, dorsal view of a late divider, showing one macronuclear nodule dedifferentiated into two ones. K, L, ventral views of two late dividers, arrowheads in (K) and (L) indicate the buccal and parabuccal cirrus, separately. I–IV, anlagen I–IV; DK1, dorsal kinety 1; DḎ1, dorsal kinety anlage 1; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMA1, 2, less marginal anlagen 1, 2; LMR1, 2, less marginal rows 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; OP, oral primordium; RMA1, 2, right marginal anlagen 1, 2; RMR1, 2, right marginal rows 1, 2; UM, undulating membranes. Scale bars: 50 μm (F, L), 20 μm (G, I).

Figure 1 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 1. Location of the sampling site. A, map showing the location of the Lake Weishan Wetland, China. B, C, photographs of the Lake Weishan where Heterodeviata sinica and Deviata multilineae were collected, respectively.

Figure 9 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 9. Comparison of Heterodeviata with related genera within Deviatidae and Kahllidae that possess three frontal cirri, at least one short or long frontal ventral cirral row right of the cell midline, at least one less marginal row, and one dorsomarginal kinety. Figures in the upper and lower row show the dorsal kinety paưern and cirral paưern of corresponding genera, respectively. Old (parental) structures (marginal cirri or dorsal kineties) are depicted by contour. Abbreviations: BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kinety; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMR, less marginal row; PBC, parabuccal cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri.

Figure 4 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 4. Early to middle morphogenetic stages of Heterodeviata sinica asser protargol impregnation. A, macronuclear nodules of a very early divider (ventral view), showing replication band of macronuclear nodules (arrows). B, oral primordium of the opisthe (arrow). C, developed oral primordia (arrow). D–F, ventrolateral (D, E) and dorsolateral (F) view of the same early divider, showing incomplete adoral zone of membranelles (arrow in D, E), the intrakinetally formed marginal anlagen and dorsal kinety anlage 1. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of the same early-middle divider, showing the dorsal kinety 2 anlage formed to the right of the right marginal anlage 2. I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of the same middle divider, denoting anlagen I–IV differentiating into cirri, arrowhead in (I) shows the parabuccal cirrus. DḎ1, 2, dorsal kineties anlagen 1, 2; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMA1, 2, less marginal anlagen 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA1, 2, right marginal anlagen 1, 2; UMA, undulating membrane anlage. Scale bars: 20 μm (A–C), 50 μm (D–J).

Figure 3 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 3. Heterodeviata sinica from life (A, D–F, I–K) and asser protargol impregnation (B, C, G, H, L–P). A, ventral view of a composite representative specimen. B, L, details of the oral zone, arrow in (B) indicates pharyngeal fibres. C, detail of the end of cell, arrowhead indicates the caudal cirrus at the end of dorsal kinety 1. D–F, ventral views, showing the various cell shapes, arrows mark the contractile vacuole. G, H, M–O, ventral (G, N) and dorsal (H, M, O) views of the holotype, denoting infraciliature and nuclear apparatus, arrowhead in (G) marks buccal cirrus, arrowheads in (H, O) and arrow in (M, O) show the two dorsal bristles of dorsal kinety 2 and the single caudal cirrus, respectively. I, J, ventral views to show different individuals, arrow in (I) shows contractile vacuole. K, showing the cytoplasm and macronuclear nodules. P, dorsal view of a different individual, arrowheads and arrow indicate two dorsal bristles and caudal cirrus, respectively. 1, 2, dorsal kineties 1, 2; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMR1, 2, less marginal rows 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral; PBC, parabuccal cirri; RMR1, 2, right marginal rows 1, 2. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, D–F, I, J), 30 μm (G, H, K–P).

Figure 6 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 6. Middle to late morphogenetic stages of Heterodeviata sinica asser protargol impregnation. A, B, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the same middle divider, to demonstrate the formed marginal rows and dorsal kineties 1, 2. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of the same late-middle divider, arrowheads in (C) show the parabuccal cirrus. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of the same late divider, arrowheads in (E) and arrows in (F) separately mark the parabuccal and caudal cirrus for the proter and opisthe. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of the same late divider, arrowheads and arrows separately show the parabuccal and caudal cirrus. BC, buccal cirrus, DK1, 2, dorsal kineties 1, 2; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMR1, 2, less marginal rows 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; RMR1, 2, right marginal rows 1, 2. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figure 2. A, maximum likelihood tree inferred from 18S in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae

Figure 2. A, maximum likelihood tree inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the two newly sequenced species. Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap support and BI posterior probability values. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. 'Asterisks' indicate disagreement between the ML and BI trees. Sequences newly obtained are in pink. The scale bar corresponds to one substitution per 100 nucleotide positions. B, the tree is made referring to the ML tree in a radiation view, showing the likely systematic relationship of Heterodeviata with related genera. C, topology of species within Deviatidae in Bayesian inference (BI) tree. '**' indicates the sequence Perisincirra sp. (KY855575) is probably misidentified, which should be conspecific with Deviata brasiliensis.