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12,662 results for “linking”
Data from: Impact on offspring methylation patterns of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restraint suggest common genes and pathways linked to subsequent type 2 diabetes risk
Size at birth, postnatal weight gain, and adult risk for type 2 diabetes may reflect environmental exposures during developmental plasticity and may be mediated by epigenetics. Both low birth weight (BW), as a marker of fetal growth restraint, and high birth weight (BW), especially after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), have been linked to increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes. We assessed DNA methylation patterns using a bead chip in cord blood samples from infants of mothers with GDM (group 1) and infants with prenatal growth restraint indicated by rapid postnatal catch-up growth (group 2), compared with infants with normal postnatal growth (group 3). Seventy-five CpG loci were differentially methylated in groups 1 and 2 compared with the controls (group 3), representing 72 genes, many relevant to growth and diabetes. In replication studies using similar methodology, many of these differentially methylated regions were associated with levels of maternal glucose exposure below that defined by GDM [the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study] or were identified as changes observed after randomized periconceptional nutritional supplementation in a Gambian cohort characterized by maternal deprivation. These studies provide support for the concept that similar epigenetic modifications may underpin different prenatal exposures and potentially increase long-term risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Data from: Multiple mating is linked to social setting, and benefits the males in a communally rearing mammal
Individuals in social species may mate with multiple opposite sex individuals, including members of the same or different social groups. This variation may be linked to genetic benefits, where multiple mating decreases risk of inbreeding. Multiple mating also may be constrained by the socio-spatial setting through its effect on availability of mates. Since multiple mating with individuals from same or different groups may determine sex-specific fitness effects, we also examined how multiple mating modulates social benefits of females and males. We used 7 years of data on demography, social organization, and genetics of a natural population of the group-living and colonial rodent, Octodon degus, to determine how kin and sex composition within social groups, and spatial relations between these groups (i.e., colonial habits) influence multiple mating and its fitness consequences. 81.3% of males and 64.9% of females produced offspring with multiple opposite sex individuals within groups and with individuals of neighboring groups. Thus, polygynandry was the dominant mating system in the degu population examined. Multiple mating in degus was high when compared with estimates reported in other social mammals. Variation in female and male multiple mating was better explained by social setting through its effect on availability of potential mates rather than by benefits derived from decreasing risk of inbreeding. Finally, our study revealed how multiple mating enhances male, but not female reproductive success.
Data from: The linking of plate tectonics and evolutionary divergences
It is exciting to be living at a time when the big questions in biology can be investigated using modern genetics and computing. Bauzà-Ribot et al. take on one of the fundamental drivers of biodiversity, the effect of continental drift in the formation of the world's biota, employing next-generation sequencing of whole mitochondrial genomes and modern Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. Bauzà-Ribot et al. conclude that vicariance via plate tectonics best explains the genetic divergence between subterranean metacrangonyctid amphipods currently found on islands separated by the Atlantic Ocean. This finding is a big deal in biogeography, and science generally, as many other presumed biotic tectonic divergences have been explained as probably due to more recent transoceanic dispersal events. However, molecular clocks can be problematic and we have identified three issues with the analyses of Bauzà-Ribot et al. that cast serious doubt on their results and conclusions. When we reanalyzed their mitochondrial data and attempted to account for problems with calibration [5,6], modeling rates across branches and substitution saturation, we inferred a much younger date for their key node. This implies either a later trans-Atlantic dispersal of these crustaceans, or more likely a series of later invasions of freshwaters from a common marine ancestor, but either way probably not ancient tectonic plate movements.
Link Master Sword
This 3D model of the Master Sword from the Zelda universe was made to teach Blender to my students at the University of Rouen. This one is my version made on Blender 2.93 and textured with Substance Painter. If you appreciate my work, feel free to like, comment and share it. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from "Linked Coupled Cluster Monte Carlo"
<p>We consider a new formulation of the stochastic coupled cluster method in terms of the similarity transformed Hamiltonian. We show that improvement in the granularity with which the wavefunction is represented results in a reduction in the critical population required to correctly sample the wavefunction for a range of systems and excitation levels and hence leads to a substantial reduction in the computational cost. This development has the potential to substantially extend the range of the method, enabling it to be used to treat larger systems with excitation levels not easily accessible with conventional deterministic methods.</p>
FIGURE 28 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURE 28. Map showing location of type locality of Dobrodesmus mirabilis. Expansion is of Bahia State; red is known extent of formations of the Una Group, black is Ituaçu Municipality. Arrow indicates location of Mangebeira Cave.
FIGURES 23–27 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURES 23–27. Habitat of Dobrodesmus mirabilis in Mangebeira Cave. Fig 23, course of Mangebeira Cave (red) superimposed on aerial view, with part of municipality of Ituaçu. Fig 24, sinkhole entrance to the cave showing modifications for religious purposes. Fig 25, chapel area inside cave. Fig 26, pilgrims visiting the cave. Fig 27, deeper interior of the cave, with speleothems, close to collection locality of D. mirabilis holotype.
FIGURES 19–22. Fig 19 in A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea
FIGURES 19–22. Fig 19, gonopods of Dobrodesmus mirabilis, posterior view. Fig 20, gonopods of Dobrodesmus mirabilis, anterior view. Fig 21, male, dorsal view, diplosegments numbered; t, telson. Fig 22, gonopods of Eostemmiulus caecus, (Stemmiulida, Stemmiulidae), posterior view. Abbreviations as for Fig 16; Fig 22 redrawn from Mauriès et al. (2010).
FIGURE 3 in Linking operational clustered taxonomic units (OCTUs) from parallel ultra sequencing (PUS) to nematode species
FIGURE 3. Numbers of OCTUs formed at 99% within-OCTU similarity for each recovered nematode species. Brackets group species by the persistence (Always, Often, Never) of Head-Tail structure of OCTUs. Error bars indicate standard deviation across 7 metagenetic datasets.
FIGURE 5 in Linking operational clustered taxonomic units (OCTUs) from parallel ultra sequencing (PUS) to nematode species
FIGURE 5. Estimated (using the Head-Tail guidelines) number of nematode species from OCTUs generated at 99% within-OCTU similarity for sequencing reads recovered from soil, litter, and canopy habitats at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica.
FIGURE 2 in Linking operational clustered taxonomic units (OCTUs) from parallel ultra sequencing (PUS) to nematode species
FIGURE 2. Number of nematode species recovered using different levels of within-OCTU (operational clustered taxonomic units) similarity. Bars represent means across 7 metagenetic datasets. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Note: out of 41 used nematode species, three did not amplify (Porazinska et al. 2009a).
FIGURE 4 in Linking operational clustered taxonomic units (OCTUs) from parallel ultra sequencing (PUS) to nematode species
FIGURE 4. An example of OCTUs generated at 99% within-OCTU similarity matching Bursaphelenchus seani illustrating Head-Tail structure associated with the presence of within-species/individual variation of the SSU repeats. OCTUPUS generates a series of indices allowing OCTU ranking. When ranked by "Bit Score" and Reads, OCTUs can be divided into two categories: 1. Head – a single OCTU (27) that contains most abundant (63) and most common sequencing reads and matches a database (DB match) sequence (B. seani 175) at the highest value of bit score (525), Evalue and % Similarity (100) across the OCTU length. 2. Tail – many OCTUs each with fewer than the Head OCTU reads and lower values of bit score and % similarity.
FIGURE 1 in Linking operational clustered taxonomic units (OCTUs) from parallel ultra sequencing (PUS) to nematode species
FIGURE 1. Nematode OCTUs generated at different levels of within-OCTU similarity. Points represent the means across 7 metagenetic datasets, bars represent standard deviation.
FIGURE 40 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURE 40. The occurrence of Phyllonorycter mespilella (red dots) and P. trifasciella (blue dots) in the Canary Islands.
FIGURE 38–39. Archive references. 38 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURE 38–39. Archive references. 38, the citation and the illustration of Tinea mespilella Hübner, 1805 from Hübner, J. 1796–1838. Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. Achte Horde. Tineae Die Schaben; nach der Natur geordnet, beschrieben und vorgestellt: pl. 39, fig. 272. 39a, the title page of the list of specimens bearing Haworth's labels in the Thomas Henry Allis collection. 39b, the list, indicating that the type specimen of P. trifasciella was examined by Mr. Raymond Uffen.
FIGURES 31–33 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 31–33. The neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella. 31, male, Germany, Württemberg, iv.[19]69. Scale bar 1 mm. 32, the collecting and the male genitalia preparation labels of the neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella. 33, the male genitalia of the neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella, gen. prep. Triberti 3175♂. Scale bar 200 µm.
FIGURES 34–37. Phyllonorycter trifasciella, adult. 34 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 34–37. Phyllonorycter trifasciella, adult. 34, male, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 30.xii.1982. Scale bar 1 mm. 35, male genitalia, gen. prep. De Prins 3806♂. 36, same preparation, aedoeagus. Scale bar 200 µm. 37, the lectotype of Phyllonorycter trifasciella, female, specimen No YORYM 2012.749, in the collection of the Yorkshire Museum and Gardens.
FIGURES 25–30 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 25–30. The biotope and leaf mines of Phyllonorycter mespilella on Malus domestica Borkh., Canary Islands, La Palma, 31.x.2007. 25, mine, adaxial view. 26, mine abaxial view. 27, mine of the third instar larva, parenchymal tissue is consumed in spots, adaxial view. 28, pupa protrudes the mine before the emergence of the adult, abaxial view. 29, the biotope of Phyllonorycter mespilella in the Canary Islands, La Palma, 31.x. 2007. 30, Malus domestica Borkh, the host plant of Phyllonorycter mespilella in the Canary Islands, La Palma.
FIGURES 19–24. Phyllonorycter mespilella, pupa. 19 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 19–24. Phyllonorycter mespilella, pupa. 19, same as Fig.17, detail 2. Arrows indicate dorsal, latero-dorsal and lateral setae on A2. 20, segments A7–8 with two pairs of setae, lateral view. 21, cremaster, dorsal view. 22, cremaster, lateral view. 23, cremaster, ventral view. 24, cremaster, caudal view. Scale bar as indicated.
FIGURES 13–18. Phyllonorycter mespilella, pupa. 13 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 13–18. Phyllonorycter mespilella, pupa. 13, cocoon cutter, lateral view. 14, pupa, segments A5–10, lateral view. 15, abdominal segments, lateral view. 16, minute spines on caudal segments. 17, overview with mapped details of setation. 18, same, detail 1. Arrows indicate dorsal and latero-dorsal setae on TIII. Scale bar as indicated.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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