Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 2 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Color in life of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of holotype (INPA-H 30779), a male collected in Borba, on the right bank of the lower Madeira River, in January 2008. (C) Lateral view of a calling male from type locality (note white vocal sac and multiple dark transverse bars on thighs and shanks). (D) Lateral view of a female photographed at the same locality. (E) Calling male photographed in Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil. (F) Ventral views of male (left) and female (right) Allobates grillisimilis, from the type locality (note the lack of color dimorphism on ventral surfaces of body). Photos by A.P. Lima (A–D, F) and P.I. Simões (E).

FIGURE 1 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Inset: relative location of sampling area in northern South America. Red triangles: distribution of Allobates grillisimilis in central Brazilian Amazon. Solid dots: location of permanent grids maintained by the Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research-PPBio (http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br), and sites where intensive studies focusing on diurnal frogs have been conducted at least three times, where the new species was not recorded. Open dots: sites sampled for diurnal frogs in one or two consecutive years by the authors, where the new species was not recorded. (B) Detailed view of sites of occurrence of Allobates grillisimilis emphasizing their location in the northwestern Madeira-Tapajós interfluve, State of Amazonas. 1: Nova Olinda do Norte; 2: Type locality in the outskirts of Borba; 3: Rio Paraconi, in Maués; 4: Igarapé Tabacal, a tributary of Rio Paraconi, also in Maués.

FIGURE 3 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views of Allobates grillisimilis holotype (INPA-H 30779, male). (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral, and (F) lateral views of Allobates sp nov. allotype (INPA- H 30780, female). Both individuals have incisions on ventral surface of thighs, made during removal of muscle tissue samples. Scratches on dorsum of both individuals were caused by manipulation.

FIGURE 5 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Variation in color pattern of dorsal surface of body and legs between individuals from the type-series of Allobates grillisimilis. Specimens in upper line from type locality in Borba, Amazonas, Brazil: (A) INPA-H 30784, male; (B) APL30787, male; (C) INPA-H 30798, male. Specimens in middle line from Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil: (D) INPA-H 30816, female; (E) INPA-H30817, male; (F) INPA-H 30823, male. Specimens in lower line from Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, all males: (G) MPEG 28536; (H) MPEG 28545; (I) MPEG 28535.

FIGURE 10 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 10. Reproductive behavior of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Female (upper left) attracted by a courting male in Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil. Courtship did not result in oviposition. (B) Female inside a curled dead leaf, used as an oviposition site. (C) Jelly nest containing 13 eggs deposited by the same female. (D) Allobates grillisimilis male collected while transporting tadpoles. All tadpoles being transported were at developmental stage 25 of Gosner (1960). (B), (C), and (D) from type locality in Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, photographed in January 2008.

FIGURE 9 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 9. Advertisement call of Allobates grillisimilis holotype (INPA-H 30779) recorded in Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, on 12th of January 2008, at 07:28 h and 25°C. (A) Waveform (upper graph) and sonogram (lower graph) of a 4 s segment of advertisement calls, denoting the arrangement of calls, which consist in groups of very short tonal notes. The number of notes is generally variable between calls in the same calling bout. (B) Detailed view (0.6 s) of a single call, consisting of a group of six short notes.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 9. Oscillogram (upper graph) and sonogram (lower graph) of advertisement calls of a male Allobates tapajos (INPA- H 34423) illustrating the terminology applied along call description and characterization (see text).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Oscillograms (upper graphs) and sonograms (lower graphs) of advertisement calls of Allobates tapajos recorded at the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itatituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ten seconds of continuous advertisement calls of a male (INPA-H 34402, SVL = 15.02 mm) recorded at 23.9 °C. Notes are predominantly arranged in consecutive note pairs split by slightly longer silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of two note pairs from the same call session, ascending frequency modulation is evident in the sonogram. (C) Advertisement calls of a second male (INPA-H 34423, SVL = 15.32 mm), also recorded at type locality at 23.9 °C, exemplifying variation in note arrangement (note several single notes scattered along call length). (D) Detailed view of the same call session demonstrating that spectral parameters of notes do not vary across distinct note arrangements.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Preserved females (A—lower line) and males (A—upper line) of Allobates tapajos showing variation in dorsal pattern. Note the central region of dorsum with irregular dark brown blotches from eye level to urostyle region (A). Color of ventral surface (B) is similar among preserved females and males (F=female, M=male, numbers correspond to original field numbers).

FIGURE 12 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 12. Location of some large Amazonian rivers and relevant Allobates type localities in northern South America. Yellow star: Type locality of Allobates tapajos in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA), on the west bank of Tapajós River, Pará State, Brazil. PNA is also the type locality of Allobates masniger and A. magnussoni. Yellow circle: Additional occurrence location of A. tapajos near Curuá-Una River on the east bank of the Tapajós River, southeast of the city of Santarém. Yellow square: Type locality of Allobates marchesianus. Allobates tapajos has been erroneously identified as A. marchesianus in past literature and molecular databases (see text). Yellow triangle: Origin of A. gasconi samples near Eirunepé, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Black dots: Type localities of Allobates species from the Amazon basin which are similar in size with A. tapajos and can be more easily misidentified with the latter by the examination of preserved specimens: 1—A. conspicuus; 2—A. fuscellus; 3— A. gasconi; 4—A. subfolionidificans; 5—A. grillisimilis; 6—A. caeruleodactylus; 7—A. amissibilis; 8—A. sumtuosus; 9—A. granti.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 1. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral and (C) lateral views in life of the holotype of Allobates tapajos (INPA-H 34425). (C). Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 2. (A) Dorsolateral, (B) ventral and (C) lateral views in preserved of the holotype of Allobates tapajos (INPA-H 34425). (D) Dorsolateral view of the allotype (INPA-H 34424) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA). Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Oral discs of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. (A) Ventral and (B) oblique views of the oral disc of a tadpole at developmental stage 39. (C) Oral disc of tadpole at stage 35. Papillae on the right portion of posterior labium are turned anteriorly to emphasize their length. (D) Oral disc of a second tadpole at developmental stage 35, emphasizing relative length of tooth rows. Scale bar corresponds to 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Color in life of Allobates tapajos. (A) Dorsolateral and (G) ventral view of allotype (INPA-H 34424) from the species type locality in Parque Nacional da Amazônia (PNA). (A), (B), (C) and (D) Variation in dorsal color pattern. Note absence of dorsolateral lines. Ventral view of (I) a female (INPA-H 34407) and of (H) a male (INPA-H 34404). Note whitish ventral surfaces of female specimens and the yellow throat and chest on males. Lateral views of females (A, D and F) and male (E) specimens. Note that the ventrolateral stripe is absent or is restricted to round or elongate iridescent-white spots. Photographs by A.P. Lima.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 11. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates tapajos and other species of cryptically colored Allobates occurring in Brazil and across cis-Andean South America, as inferred from an unrooted maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a 420 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene. All sequences proceed from specimens collected at the type localities of each species, except when indicated between parentheses. Live male frogs depicted on the right represent typical specimens of A. tapajos, A. magnussoni and A. masniger, which occur in sympatry in Parque Nacional da Amazônia, and their respective clades. Clade labels indicate support values obtained from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only support values>80% are shown). Basal clades received weak support and should not be considered to reflect the actual evolutionary relationships between the taxa analyzed.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Foot and hand of Allobates tapajos holotype (INPA-H 34425). Scale bars near the foot correspond to 2.0 mm and hand 1.0 mm. Black arrows indicate basal webbing between Toes II and III and between Toes III and IV.

FIGURE 13 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 13. Calling male (A), egg clutch (B) and tadpole nest (C) of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Tadpoles of Allobates tapajos from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, near Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil, proceeding from egg clutches collected in February 2008. (A) From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole in developmental stage 35 (INPA-H 34426). (B) From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral and lateral views of a tadpole in developmental stage 39 (INPA-H 34427). A tadpole from lot INPA-H 34427 was used in the detailed description (see text). Scale bar corresponds to 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil

FIGURE 10. An alternative call type of Allobates tapajos recorded from a single male (INPA-H 34411, SVL = 16.08 mm) at the species type locality. Recording was conducted at air temperature of 25 °C. (A) This alternative call type is formed by trills of single notes split by relatively long silent intervals. (B) Detailed view of a trill of notes. Notes in trills were slightly shorter and emitted in a higher bandwidth when compared to notes in regular advertisement calls of the same individual.