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FIGURES 9–15 in Description of four new species of the tiger moth genus Dysschema Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina)

FIGURES 9–15. Male genitalia of Dysschema uriasi Moraes sp.nov., paratype (Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). 9. Genital capsule, lateral view. 10. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 11. Genital capsule, frontal view without the valva. 12. Genital capsule, lateral view without the valva. 13. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 14. Genital capsule, ventral view. 15. Aedeagus, lateral view. Abbreviations. ccl: cucullus, d. apd: distal apodeme, ejc blb: ejaculatory bulb, hrp: harpe, jxt: juxta, lcn: lacinia, p.l. pjc: posterolateral projection, scc: saccus, scl: sacculus, tgn: tegumen, ttl: transtilla, unc: uncus vlv: valva, vsc: vesica. Scale bar 1mm.

FIGURES 1–8 in Description of four new species of the tiger moth genus Dysschema Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina)

FIGURES 1–8. New species of Dysschema Hübner. 1–2. Dysschema uriasi Moraes sp.nov., holotype (Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brazil), dorsal and ventral view, respectively. 3–4. Dysschema wayneri Moraes sp.nov., holotype (Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brazil), dorsal and ventral view, respectively. 5–6. Dysschema tarsoi Moraes sp.nov., holotype (Guerrero, Mexico), dorsal and ventral view, respectively. 7–8. Dysschema amapoarum Moraes & Duarte sp.nov., holotype (Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil), dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 23–29 in Description of four new species of the tiger moth genus Dysschema Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina)

FIGURES 23–29. Male genitalia of Dysschema tarsoi Moraes sp.nov., paratype (Guerrero, Mexico). 23. Genital capsule, lateral view. 24. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 25. Genital capsule, frontal view without the valva. 26. Genital capsule, lateral view without the valva. 27. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 28. Genital capsule, ventral view. 29. Aedeagus, lateral view. Abbreviations. ccl: cucullus, ejc blb: ejaculatory bulb, hrp: harpe, jxt: juxta, p.l. pjc: posterolateral projection, scc: saccus, scl: sacculus, tgn: tegumen, ttl: transtilla, unc: uncus vlv: valva, vsc: vesica, vvl: valvula. Scale bar 1mm.

FIGURES 49–54. 49 in Illustrated catalogue of Neotropical Ctenuchina, Euchromiina and Pericopina types (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) described by Hans Zerny, with discussion on their taxonomic status

FIGURES 49–54. 49) Eurota [sic] hilaris (Syntype); 50) Gymnelia jordani (Lectotype); 51) Eurota [sic] marcia (Syntype); 52) Cosmosoma pseudothia (Syntype); 53) Eucyane variabilis roseofasciata (Lectotype); 54) Cosmosoma xanthomelan (Lectotype). Scale bars: 1 cm. FIGURES 55–65. 55) Eucyane variabilis flavofasciata, genitalia of the lectotype, dorsal view and phallus; 56) Diptilon crassum, genitalia of the holotype, ventral view and phallus; 57) Schasiura gymnelioides, genitalia of the holotype, ventral view and phallus; 58) Cercopimorpha hoffmanni, genitalia of a specimen from Tambopata, Peru, deposited at MZSP, dorsal view and phallus; 59) Eucereon lychnis, genitalia of the lectotype, lateral view and phallus; 60) Eucereon lychnis, genitalia of one of the female paralectotypes, lateral view; 61) Ceramidia pinguis, genitalia of the holotype, lateral view and phallus; 62) Eucereon sericeum, genitalia of the lectotype, ventral view and phallus; 63) Calonotos acutipennis, genitalia of the lectotype, lateral view and phallus; 64) Abrochia spitzi, genitalia of a specimen without locality deposited at MZSP, dorsal view and phallus; 65) Heliura zonata ab. aurantiaca, genitalia of Zerny's male, dorsal view and phallus. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIGURES 25–48. 25 in Illustrated catalogue of Neotropical Ctenuchina, Euchromiina and Pericopina types (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) described by Hans Zerny, with discussion on their taxonomic status

FIGURES 25–48. 25) Calonotos acutipennis (Paralectotype); 26) Calonotos aequimaculatus (Lectotype); 27) Calonotos aequimaculatus (Paralectotype); 28) Phoenicoprocta rubriventris [sic] amazonica (Lectotype); 29) Calonotos angustipennis (Lectotype); 30) Pseudosphex deceptans (Lectotype); 31) Pseudosphex fuscus (Holotype); 32) Agyrta grandimacula (Holotype); 33) Psilopleura meridionalis (Holotype); 34) Phoenicoprocta vacillans f. nigricoxa (Lectotype); 35) Psilopleura pentheri (Holotype); 36) Sphecosoma perconstrictum (Holotype); 37) Saurita pilipennis (Lectotype); 38) Ichoria pyrrhonota (Holotype); 39) Abrochia spitzi (Lectotype); 40) Ichoria thyrassia (Holotype); 41) Autochloris vetusta (Holotype); 42) Lencotmemis [sic] vincentia (Holotype); 43) Only specimen of Heliura zonata ab. aurantiaca; 44) One of the four specimens of Aclytia reducta ab. deleta; 45) One of the eight specimens of Mesothen pyrrhina ab. derubrata; 46) Saurita clandestina (Holotype); 47) Cosmosoma exomelan (Holotype); 48) Cosmosoma flavothoracides (Lectotype). Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIGURES 1–24. 1 in Illustrated catalogue of Neotropical Ctenuchina, Euchromiina and Pericopina types (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) described by Hans Zerny, with discussion on their taxonomic status

FIGURES 1–24. 1) Eucyane phanoptoides (Lectotype); 2) Eucyane variabilis flavofasciata (Lectotype); 3) Eucyane variabilis variabilis (Lectotype); 4) Pseudophaloe xiphydria (Holotype); 5) Pseudosphenoptera boyi (Holotype); 6) Correbia rufescens columbiana (Lectotype); 7) Diptilum [sic] crassum (Holotype); 8) Ptychotrichos [sic] fenestrifer (Holotype); 9) Episcepsis flavipuncta (Lectotype); 10) Schasiura gymnelioides (Holotype); 11) Heliura hagmanni (Lectotype); 12) Cercopimorpha hoffmanni (Lectotype); 13) Teucer imbecillus (Holotype); 14) Desmotricha josioides (Lectotype); 15) Eucereon lychnis (Lectotype); 16) Eucereon maternum (Holotype); 17) Episcepsis melanoneura (Lectotype); 18) Episcepsis nereus (Lectotype); 19) Ceramidia pinguis (Holotype); 20) Ctenucha reimoseri (Holotype); 21) Episcepsis rotundipennis (Lectotype); 22) Eucereon sericeum (Lectotype); 23) Pompiliodes acroleuca (Lectotype); 24) Calonotos acutipennis (Lectotype). Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIGURE 13 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 13. Male genitalia of Virbia medarda from French Guiana, Coralie track [ML dissection 3077]. A, ventral view with aedeagus in situ; B, ventral view; C, dorsalview; D, partial ventrolateral view; E, aedeagus dorsal view; F, aedeagus, lateral view. A–C, to scale shown in #B; D, enlarged; E–F to scale as shown in #E.

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 11. Virbia medarda from Trinidad and Tobago (M.J.W. Cock) [MJWC]. A, ♂, Tobago, Speyside, MVL, 14–17.v.1982. B, ♂, Trinidad, Lalaja Ridge, MVL, 3.ix.1982. C, ♂, Trinidad, Caura Valley, Nr. Caura, MVL, 24.ix.1978. D, ♂, Trinidad, Arima Valley, Simla, MVL, 6.viii.1982. E, ♂, Trinidad, Arima Valley, Simla, MVL, 30.vii.1981. F, ♀, Trinidad, Pitch Lake, 28.viii.1982. G, ♀, Trinidad, Lalaja South Road, 1.5 milestone, 29.viii.1978. All to scale, x 1.5.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 6. Cramer's published figures of female Trichromia onytes (Cramer [1777], plate 165E) (edited from Biodiversity Heritage Library) and male T. psamas (Cramer [1779], p. 72, plate 234G) (edited from an original copy).

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Trichromia onytes onytes morph (ML3370) (above) and T. onytes psamas morph (ML3371) (below) from French Guiana, Kaw Road. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view; D, aedeagus lateral views. All to scale as shown.

FIGURE 3. Castrica oweni from Trinidad. A, B in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 3. Castrica oweni from Trinidad. A, B male, Curepe, MVL, 4.x.1979 [MJWC], dorsal and ventral view. C, D female, Morne Bleu Textel Installation, at light, 3.viii.1978 [MJWC], dorsal and ventral view.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Castrica phalaenoides (above, Belize, ML3516) and C. oweni (= C. sordidior) (below, French Guiana, ML2845). A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, right valve, internal view; E, aedeagus lateral view.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 7. Trichromia onytes from Trinidad (M.J.W. Cock) [MJWC]. A–B, psamas morph, dorsal and ventral views, Morne Bleu Textel Installation, at light, 20.ix.1978, 29 mm. C, onytes morph (dissected), dorsal view, Valencia Forest, MVL, 31.vii.1980, 30 mm. D, intermediate morph, dorsal view, Inniss Field, MVL, 17.v.1999, 31 mm. E–F, female onytes morph, dorsal and ventral views, Cumaca Road, 4.6 miles, MVL, 18.vii.1981, 31 mm. Not to scale; wingspans in legend.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 5. Additional un-named male forms of Pryteria costata. A, French Guiana, Apatou, PK 26, 1.x.2013, 126 m, [ML] 26 mm. B, French Guiana, Kaw Road, PK 38, 21.i.1996 [ML] 30 mm. C, Paraguay, Kanindeyu, Agr. Amiticio, 23.viii.2008 [ML] 31 mm. D, Trinidad, Arima Valley, Simla, MVL, 1.ii.1981 [MJWC] 37 mm. Not to scale; wingspans in legend.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical Arctiinae, Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) relating to the fauna of Trinidad and Tobago

FIGURE 4. Holotypes, lectotypes and an original illustration of Pryteria spp. (see Table 1 for details). Seven types are in NHMUK (©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), two types are in USNM, one in OUNHM, and one in ZHMB (with permission). The image of P. costata was edited from Möschler (1883) downloaded from ZOBODAT (https://www.zobodat.at/publikation_volumes.php?id=28027).

FIGURE 29 in Revision of the Neotropical moth genus Ptychotrichos Schaus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Ctenuchina)

FIGURE 29. Geographic distribution of Ptychotrichos spp. Blue dots show the distribution of P. zeus; yellow triangles, the distribution of P. elongata.

FIGURES 7–15 in Revision of the Neotropical moth genus Ptychotrichos Schaus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Ctenuchina)

FIGURES 7–15. Genitalia of P. zeus. 7) Male genitalia (male from Santarém, Brazil), dorsal view; 8) Idem, left view; 9) Idem, right view; 10) Idem, posterior view; 11) Latero-dorsal view, showing the shape of left valva and transtilla; 12) Detail of right valva, showing the bristle brush and spines; 13) Aedeagus; 14) Female genitalia (female from Lara, Venezuela), dorsolateral view; 15) Same, ventral view. Scales: 1mm, except when noted.

FIGURES 5–6. Wing venation. 5 in Revision of the Neotropical moth genus Ptychotrichos Schaus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Ctenuchina)

FIGURES 5–6. Wing venation. 5) Fore- and hindwing venation of a female of P. elongata from Angra dos Reis (identical in males of this species and both sexes of P. zeus); 6) Fore- and hindwing venation of a male of H. fenestrifer comb. nov. from Pan de Azúcar

FIGURES 1–4 in Revision of the Neotropical moth genus Ptychotrichos Schaus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Ctenuchina)

FIGURES 1–4. Habitus of Ptychotrichos spp. 1) Ptychotrichos zeus, lectotype male, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, plus labels; 2) Idem, female specimen from Rondônia, dorsal (left) and ventral (right); 3) P. zeus male, detail of androconia. 4) P. elongata, holotype male, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, plus labels. Scale bars: 10mm, except for detail of androconia, 2mm.

FIGURES 24–28 in Revision of the Neotropical moth genus Ptychotrichos Schaus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Ctenuchina)

FIGURES 24–28. Abdominal pelt and male genitalia of Heliura fenestrifer comb. nov. 24) Male abdomen; 25) Male genitalia, dorsal view. 26) Idem, lateral view; 27) Idem, posterior view; 28) Aedeagus. Scales: 1mm.