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FIGURE 8. A–B, Olyra latifolia. A. Synflorescence and flowers. B. Foliage leaves. C–D. Cryptocholoa strictiflora. C in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 8. A–B, Olyra latifolia. A. Synflorescence and flowers. B. Foliage leaves. C–D. Cryptocholoa strictiflora. C. Leaf blades, abaxial view, showing purple color. D. Complete plant. E–F. Lithachne pauciflora. E. Female (above) and male (below) spikelets. F. Leaf blades, adaxial view. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.

FIGURE 7. A in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 7. A. Otatea carrilloi, showing reflexed culm leaf blade, white arrows indicate F = fimbriae and O = oral setae. B. Otatea glauca, showing reflexed culm leaf blades and green oral setae. C. Otatea fimbriata, showing erect culm leaf blade and oral setae. D. Otatea reynosoana, showing white oral setae. E. Otatea acuminata, showing abaxially pubescent culm leaves. F. Otatea ximenae, showing culm leaf with reflexed blade. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 1. Map of the collective geographical distribution of the native Mexican bamboo species. Figure modified from Cortés Rodríguez (2005). Based on herbarium records, literature and our own collections.

FIGURE 2. A–B. Arthrostylidium excelsum. A. Foliage complement. B. Branch complement. C–D. Aulonemia laxa. C in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 2. A–B. Arthrostylidium excelsum. A. Foliage complement. B. Branch complement. C–D. Aulonemia laxa. C. Culm showing the leaves in the apical portion. D. Detail of the ligular area, showing fimbriae. E–F. Merostachys sp.. E. Branches. F. Foliage complement, abaxial view showing the narrow green marginal stripe. A–D photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez, E–F photos by M. T. Mejía-Saulés.

FIGURE 4. A in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 4. A. Chusquea circinata, nodal region, showing the central bud and smaller subsidiary buds. B. Chusquea galeottiana flowers (spikelets). C. Chusquea matlatzinca, showing red culms. D. Chusquea liebmannii habit. E. Chusquea cortesii showing its infravaginal branch pattern. F. Chusquea repens in the cloud forest. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.

FIGURE 5. A. Guadua tuxtlensis, nodal region showing a in Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico

FIGURE 5. A. Guadua tuxtlensis, nodal region showing a thorn at the base of the primary branch. B. Guadua inermis, nodal area showing the primary branch base and supra- and infranodal bands of white hairs. C. Guadua aculeata, showing bud. D. Guadua longifolia, showing pseudospikelets. E. Guadua paniculata, showing branches and thorns. F. Guadua aculeata, showing pseudospikelets with stamens and stigmas. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.

FIGURE 3 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & Ortiz in Panama. Star: type locality (holotype). Square: Paratype, B. Hammel, G. McPherson & L. Sanders 14746 (MO, PMA).

FIGURE 4 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama

FIGURE 4. Rachillas of the internode of the anthecium (elaiosomes). A. Cryptochloa dressleri B. C. stapfii.

FIGURE 1 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama

FIGURE 1. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & Ortiz: Panama, Bocas del Toro, M.S. Stapf 865, R.M. Baldini R. & O.O. Ortiz (from holotype, PMA). A. Habit, basal part. B. Habit, upper part with slender inflorescences. C. Female floret (ventral view). D. Female floret (dorsal view). E. Lower glume of female floret. F. Upper glume of female floret. G. Lemma of male floret. H. Stamens. I. Palea of male floret. L. Basal leaf blade with ligule. Illustration by Anne Maury.

FIGURE 5 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama

FIGURE 5. Comparison of leaf morphology between Cryptochloa dressleri and C. stapfii. A. C. dressleri, adaxial leaf surface, with linear rows of bulliform cells (large arrow), and crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB). B. C. dressleri, abaxial leaf surface, with prickles (large arrow), crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB), and cruciform silica bodies (CruSB). C. C. stapfii, adaxial leaf surface with irregular rows of bulliform cells (large arrow) and crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB). D. C. stapfii, abaxial leaf surface without prickles, crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB), and cruciform silica bodies (CruSB). Specimens: C. dressleri (Stapf et al. 785, FT, PMA, SCZ), C. stapfii (Stapf et al. 865, FT, PMA, SCZ).

FIGURE 2. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & O in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama

FIGURE 2. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & O. Ortiz, in its habitat at the type locality (Panama: Bocas del Toro, Camino RambalaPlatanarito, E de Rambala) Photo: Riccardo M. Baldini.

FIGURE 1. Merostachys ramosa. A in Two new species of Merostachys (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

FIGURE 1. Merostachys ramosa. A (Pianissola & Parma 38) A. Culm leaf. B–C (Picanço et al. 24). B. Branch complement with foliage leaves. C. Ligular area of a foliage leaf with fimbriae. (Illustration by Reinaldo Pinto).

FIGURE 2. Otatea nayeeri. A. Single culm showing branches and foliage leaf complements. B in Otatea nayeeri (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae), a new species endemic to Nayarit, Mexico

FIGURE 2. Otatea nayeeri. A. Single culm showing branches and foliage leaf complements. B. Mid-culm section, showing three main subequal branches. C. Foliage leaf complement showing glaucous leaves. D. Ligular foliage leaf blade area, white arrow indicates oral setae. E. Culm leaves, white arrow indicates erect culm blade at basal node. F. Mid-culm leaves, white arrow indicates reflexed culm blade. Photos A, B and D correspond to the voucher E. Ruiz-Sanchez & A. Castro-Castro 493; photos C, E and F correspond to the voucher E. Ruiz-Sanchez & A. Castro-Castro 492. Photos by E. Ruiz-Sanchez.

FIGURE 1. Otatea nayeeri. A in Otatea nayeeri (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae), a new species endemic to Nayarit, Mexico

FIGURE 1. Otatea nayeeri. A. Thin-papery and deciduous culm leaf, abaxial view, showing reflexed leaf blade. B. Reflexed leaf blade detail. C. Culm leaf, adaxial view, showing erect leaf blade. D. Abaxial detail of culm leaf pubescence. E. Detail of the culm leaf fimbriae. F. Hollow culm showing intravaginal branching, foliage leaf complement and three main subequal branches per node. G. Second order of ramification, showing one branch. H. Dorsal view of the ligular area showing outer ligule, patch of cilia on the abaxial side with pubescence on the leaf blade and sheath and oral setae. I. Lateral view of the ligular area showing pubescent sheaths and leaf blade, irregular lobes of the outer ligule and oral setae. Drawing by Alfonso Barbosa based on E. Ruiz-Sanchez & A. Castro-Castro 493.

FIGURE 2. Merostachys ximenae. A–D in Two new species of Merostachys (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

FIGURE 2. Merostachys ximenae. A–D (Parma & Celso Antônio 44) A. Culm leaf. B. Branch complement with foliage leaves. C. Infranodal band of lanate trichomes. D. Floriferous branch. E–M (Santos-Gonçalves et al. 196) E. Branch leaf and fimbriae. F. Section of inflorescence. G. Spikelet. H. Lower glume. I. Upper glume. J. Lemma. K. Palea and rachilla extension. L. Lodicules. M. Gynoecium. (Illustration by Reinaldo Pinto).

FIGURE 4. Eremitis robusta. A. Habit. B in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago

FIGURE 4. Eremitis robusta. A. Habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae and the inflorescence at the apex of the leafy culm. C. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. D. Detail of the leafy culm inflorescence. E. Abaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl. F. Adaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl showing the rachis prolongation. G. Detail of the caryopsis, hilum view. All based on Ferreira & Lima 2215, drawn by Carla Teixeira Lima.

FIGURE 2 in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago

FIGURE 2. Morphology of Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta. A–E. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Plant habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. C. Inflorescence on decumbent culm. D. Subterranean culm with inflorescence. E. Detail of the inflorescence on subterranean culm. F–I. E. robusta. F. Plant habit. G. Inflorescence on leafy culm. H. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. I. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. Photos by F. M. Ferreira.

FIGURE 3. A in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago

FIGURE 3. A. Geographic distributions of Eremitis linearifolia, E. robusta and other congeneric species. B–D. Environments in which E. linearifolia and E. robusta occur. B. Pão de Açúcar Farm, Itajuípe, Bahia state in 2009, one of two localities where E. robusta was collected by T.R. Soderstrom (no. 2182) in 1976, currently deforested. C. Almas Farm, Itacaré, Bahia state, the other locality where E. robusta occurs and was collected in 2009. D. Santa Teresa, Epirito Santo state, where E. linearifolia was collected by R.P. Oliveira (no. 853) in 2003 and F.M. Ferreira (no. 2185) in 2009, the year the photo was taken. Photos by F. M. Ferreira.

FIGURE 1. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Habit. B in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago

FIGURE 1. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. C. Inflorescence on leafy culm. D–F. Male spikelets of the gynecandrous whorls. D. Adaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl showing the rachis prolongation. E–F. Abaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl. G. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. H. Detail of the inflorescence on subterranean culm. All based on Ferreira et al 2185, drawn by Carla Teixeira Lima.