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FIGURE 35 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 35. Macrophotograph of pupa of Xeromelissa sielfeldi, lateral view. Arrows point to downwarddirected posterior margins of the metasomal sterna.

FIGURES 32–34 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 32–34. Diagrams of immatures of Xeromelissa sielfeldi. 32. Egg, side view, anterior end up. 33. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 34. Head of same, lateral view.

FIGURES 17–20 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 17–20. At Quebrada San Andreas at Puquios, Atacama Province, Chile, in 1971, at the time when Xeromelissa sielfeldi and X. rozeni were flying there and nests of the former were collected. 17. View of habitat with Luis Peña standing, lower left, and large patch of blooming Nolana, lower right, behind Peña. 18. Pieces of twigs containing nests of X. sielfeldi. 19. Twig split open to reveal lined cells containing live immatures of X. sielfeldi, with remnants of Acmaeodera frass on outer surface of linings (arrows). 20. Entrance to nest opening in twig revealing netlike closure.

FIGURES 6–11 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 6–11. SEM micrographs of postdefecating larva of Xeromelissa nortina. 6. Entire larva, lateral view. 7. Same, dorsal view. 8. Close-up of midbody segments showing transverse and lateral tubercles and position of spiracles, lateral view. 9. Rear of larva, posterior view. 10. Spiracle of abdominal segment 7 showing lack of atrial rim. 11. Undersurface of front part of head, ventral view. Abbreviation: AS, abdominal segment(s).

FIGURE 1 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 1. Laurence Packer at nesting area of Xeromelissa nortina at Region II: El Loa Prov.: Aguas Blancas, -23.2670 -67.9830, Chile, elevation: 2540 m. All nests were recovered from dead dry twigs and stems on the ground, such as those on the foreground, left side (arrows). The food source, locally termed rica-rica, can be seen growing behind Packer in the midbackground. FIGURE 2. Nest consisting of a cell series of X. nortina in the central pith channel of a large twig (diameter 16 mm) of Baccharis from that nesting area.

FIGURE 5 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 5. Macrophotograph of postdefecating larva of Xeromelissa nortina, lateral view, head to left.

FIGURES 3, 4 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 3, 4. SEM micrographs of the cell lining of Xeromelissa nortina. 3. Circular closure end (a) with piece of lining wall, right (b), and second layer of folded closure (c) behind, all showing smooth, nonporous texture of surfaces. 4. Close-up of lining identified in figure 3 showing overlapping surfaces through which air exchange (arrows) may take place.

FIGURES 14–16 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 14–16. Microphotographs of right mandible of Xeromelissa nortina. 14. Ventral view, showing strong apical curvature. 15. Entire mandible with base of mandible in maximum profile, approximate inner view. Mandibular apex is thin and strongly scoop shaped (apicad of line a). 16. Curved apex in maximum profile, approximate inner view.

FIGURES 12, 13 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 12, 13. Diagrams of head of postdefecating larva of Xeromelissa nortina, front and lateral views, respectively. In frontal view internal head ridges depicted on left side by dashed lines. Abbreviation: ATP, anterior tentorial pit. Arrows indicate tubercles (see text).

FIGURE 24 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURE 24. Close-up of three terminal segments of maxillary palpus of Xeromelissa rozeni. FIGURE 25. Close-up of maxillary palpus of Xeromelissa sielfeldi. FIGURES 26–31. 26. Blossom of Nolana, lateral view, showing deep corolla. 27. Blossom of Nolana containing foraging adult presumably of X. rozeni in corolla. 28. Same, but with male X. rozeni, covered with pollen about to depart. 29. Blossom of Nolana with part of corolla showing recently killed female of X. sielfeldi with head at darkly bruised attachment (arrow) at base of filament. 30. Same, another example (arrow). 31. Male of X. sielfeldi in blossom of Nolana.

FIGURES 21–23 in The Chilean Bees Xeromelissa nortina and X. sielfeldi: Their Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages, Including Biological Notes on X. rozeni (Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

FIGURES 21–23. Macrophotographs of adult of Xeromelissa rozeni, showing projecting lower part of head with elongate labium, maxilla, and maxillary palpus. 21. Entire body, lateral view, demonstrating extreme length of labiomaxillary region relative to body length. 22. Head and labiomaxillary region, close-up, dorsal view. Note pebble accidentally trapped near base of paired maxillary palpi. 23. Labiomaxillary apex, close-up, dorsal view, with right galea covering glossa.

FIGURES 10, 11 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 10, 11. Diagrams of postdefecating larva and of dorsal part of pupa of Notanthidium chilense, lateral view, respectively, with setae approximated only on pupa.

FIGURES 5–9 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 5–9. SEM micrographs of cocoon of Notanthidiusm chilense. 5. Inner surface of cocoon wall showing thin layer of silk covering silk fibers. 6. Outer surface of the disc-shaped anterior end of cocoon showing concentric pattern of silk fibers and central nipple in which can be seen the openings to the passageways to the interior. 7. Close-up of nipple. 8. Inner surface of anterior end of cocoon also showing concentric pattern of silk fibers surrounding filter area of cocoon behind exterior nipple. 9. Close-up of filter area, revealing guarded openings to exterior of cocoon.

FIGURES 1–4 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 1–4. Partly dissected nest of Notanthidiusm chilense, outer view. 1. Nest surrounding twig of Baccharis. 2. Closer view of same (note cut shreds of cocoon fabric extending from right side of nest). 3. Same with stem rotated 90°. 4. Close-up of cell of same. Although much of the cocoon is removed, the front end remains in place with nipple pointing downward. Open area below cocoon is believed to have held feces. Note rough, dark, texture of nest matrix.

FIGURES 15–19 in Nest and Immatures of the South American Anthidiine Bee Notanthidium (Allanthidium) chilense (Urban) (Apoidea: Megachilidae)

FIGURES 15–19. SEM micrographs of larval vestiture of Notanthidium chilense, all to same scale. 15. Cluster of setae of various lengths 16. Long, slender seta. 17. Shorter seta. 18, 19. Setae or spicules? FIGURE 20. Spiracle, external surface.

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FIGURES 20–26 in Nesting biology and immature stages of the panurgine bee genera Rhophitulus and Cephalurgus (Apoidea: Andrenidae: Protandrenini)

FIGURES 20–26. Macrophotograph and SEM micrographs of the predefecating larva of Rhophitulus mimus. 20. Macrophotograph of abdominal segment 3 of larva coated with gold/palladium in preparation of SEM examination showing bright reflections of sclerotized parts and satiny sheen of minutely wrinkled membranous areas. 21–26. SEM micrographs of same specimen: 21. Head, frontal view; atp = anterior tentorial pit. 22. Close-up of membrane identified by rectangle in figure 21, demonstrating linear series of fine spicules. 23. Midsection of body of predefecating larva, lateral view identifying abdominal segment 3. 24. Lateral lobe of abdominal segment 3. 25. Close-up of rectangle in figure 24 demonstrating differences in texture of wavy surface texture of lobe and wrinkled integument anterior to it. 26. Close-up of spiculate integument of lateral pronotal lobe.

FIGURES 33-34 in Nests, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of the Bee Haetosmia vechti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)

FIGURES 33-34. Diagrams of immatures of Haetosmia vechti, lateral views, drawn to same scale = 1.0 mm. 33. Postdefecating larva, demonstrating overall shape; vestiture not indicated. The specimen used for this illustration did not preserve well, so that the illustration lacks accuracy, although overall form is correct; the description is believed to be far more reliable. 34. Male pupa with vestiture indicated.

FIGURES 28–32. Adult Haetosmia. 28 in Nests, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of the Bee Haetosmia vechti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)

FIGURES 28–32. Adult Haetosmia. 28. Female of Haetosmia vechti masticating a leaf of Centaurea procurrens. 29. Male of Haetosmia vechti feeding on flowers of Heliotropium. 30. Pollen-collecting female of Haetosmia circumventa on Heliotropium sp. 31. SEM micrograph of female proboscis of Haetosmia vechti with specialized pollen-harvesting bristles densely covering the second segment of both labial palpi. 32. SEM micrograph of pollen-harvesting bristles on the right labial palpus of Haetosmia vechti.

FIGURES 20–26 in Nests, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of the Bee Haetosmia vechti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)

FIGURES 20–26. SEM micrographs of cells and cocoons of Haetosmia vechti. 20. Front end of cocoon in figure 18, showing filter area. 21. Filter area of another cocoon. 22. Same, close-up, showing surrounding fibrous area. 23, 24. Inner cocoon surface demonstrating: (1) transparency of silk surface; note debris seeming to "float" on surface and (2) the near disappearance of elongate streak of white material (arrows), which reflects shape and not color; figure 24 with cocoon on left and edge of wall with thin fecal layer and resin wall on right. 25. Another area of cell wall with cocoon on left, showing cluster of presumed microorganisms on inner surface of wall beneath cocoon and impression of organism indicated on undersurface of cocoon. 26. Closeup of microorganisms, suggesting that more than one species may be involved.

FIGURES 12–19 in Nests, Floral Preferences, and Immatures of the Bee Haetosmia vechti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)

FIGURES 12–19. Macrophotographs of cells of Haetosmia vechti, anterior ends at top when in lateral view. 12. Entire cell, exterior surface, showing urn shape. 13. Same cell as figure 12 turned 90°, showing asymmetry. 14. Cell top, showing elevated rim surrounding closure. 15. Cell closure, inner surface. 16. Same closure as figure 15, exterior surface. 17. Inner surface of cell showing transparent cocoon covering dark feces and streaks of white material (arrows); scale bar at left. Note ribbons of feces best seen at anterior end. 18. Another opened cell with anterior end of cocoon still attached with filter (circle) identified. 19. Another cell showing inner surface, with white material (arrows); scale bar for figures 18, 19 at lower right.