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Fig. 4 in Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall

Fig. 4: Foraminiferal data for Ser and Res stations using the complete living assemblage of the 0-2 cm level: a) Foraminiferal density (FD) as the number of specimens normalised to 50 cc of sediments and species richness; b) Dominance index; c) bias corrected Shannon (H' bc) and the exponential function Exp(H' ) indexes.

Fig. 3 in Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall

Fig. 3: Potentially toxic elements (PTE) concentration in the Ser (a) and Res (b) stations calculated for the 0-1 cm level. PTEs are expressed in micrograms per gram (µg/g).

Fig. 1 in Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall

Fig. 1: Study area and location of the Ser (Servola) and Res (Riserva Naturale Marina di Miramare) stations. The Servola pipeline is evidenced in the enlarged square.

Fig. 2 in Seasonal response of benthic foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure in two stations of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): the marine protected area of Miramare versus the Servola water sewage outfall

Fig. 2: Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen saturation and chlorophyll a at Ser and Res stations during the seasonal sampling.

Fig. 4 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 4 Larger benthic foraminifera from the Maastrichtian of Iran (Tarbur Fm.: a-b, d, f), Turkey (Garzan Fm.: c), Qatar (Simsima Formation: e). a-c Canalispina iapygia Robles-Salcedo et al. (a-b, Fasa section; c from Çoruh et al., 1997, pl. 76, fig. 3 as Siderolites calcitrapoides). d-f Dictyoconella complanata Henson (d, f Naghan section, e from Henson, 1948, pl. 10, fig. 14). T = Tarburina zagrosiana Schlagintweit & Rashidi in f. m.t. = marginal trough in e and d.

Fig. 6 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 6 Pseudedomia hamaouii Rahaghi from the Campanian (Lopha Limestone Member: b), and upper Maastrichtian of Iran (Tarbur Formation: a, d), and Somalia (Auradu Formation: c). a Bioclastic packstone with P. hamaouii Rahaghi, Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck (S), and Omphalocyclus macroporus Lamarck (O); Fasa section. b from Rahaghi (1976, pl. 1, fig. 11). c from Luger (2018, pl. 16, fig. 10 as Pseudedomia sp.). d Fasa section.

Fig. 7 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 7 Pseudorbitolina schroederi Luger from the Maastrichtian of Somalia (Auradu Formation, a-b), and Iran (Tarbur Formation, c-d). a, b from Luger (2018, pl.7, figs. 7-8; holotype in 7), c-d from Naghan section (d from Schlagintweit et al. (2016b, fig. 11c as Pseudorbitolina marthae).

Fig. 3 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 3 Larger benthic foraminifera from the Maastrichtian of Iran (Tarbur Fm.: a, d, f-h, j-k, m-n, p-t), Somalia (Auradu Formation: b-c, e, l, o), and Turkey (Garzan Fm.: i). a-b Accordiella? tarburensis Schlagintweit & Rashidi (a from Schlagintweit and Rashidi, 2016, fig. 6a, holotype, Mandegan section; b from Luger, 2018, pl. 13, fig. 6 as Dukhania? cherchii, holotype). c, g Dictyoconus bakhtiari Schlagintweit, Rashidi & Babadipour (c from Schlagintweit et al., 2016b, fig. 10b, Naghan section; g from Luger (2018, pl. 6, fig. 4 as Dictyoconus sp. 1). d, e-f, h Gyroconulina columellifera Schroeder & Darmoian (e from Luger, 2018, pl. 7, fig. 3; d from Schlagintweit et al., 2016a, fig. 4k, Mandegan section; f, h Naghan section). i–n Gen. et sp. indet. (i from Çoruh et al., 1997, pl. 76, fig. 5 as Dictyoconella complanata; l from Luger, 2018, pl. F-2, fig. 9 as Antalyna korayi; j-k, m-n Naghan section). o–t Antalyna korayi Farinacci & Köylüoğlu (o from Luger, 2018, pl. F-2, fig. 10; p-t Naghan section).

Fig. 2 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 2 Above: Subdivison of the Maastrichtian stage: comparison of different used substages and biostratigraphic use of selected larger benthic foraminifera. Examples: Loftusia minor (acc. to Meriç and Görmüş, 2001), Siderolitidae (acc. to Robles-Salcedo et al., 2018, 2019), and relationship to biozonation of Wynd (1965) (modified herein). Below: Example of the Palaeoelphidium multiscissuratum subzone (new name) of the Omphalocyclus-Loftusia assemblage zone sensu Wynd (1965), upper Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation, SW Iran. Loftusia sp. in the middle with agglutinated test of Palaeoelphidium multiscissuratum (Smout) (detail from Luger, 2018, pl. 26, fig. 10, illustrated as Laffiteina aff. jaskii Rahaghi), and Omphalocyclus (O).

Fig. 1 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 1 Distribution of Maastrichtian shallow-water carbonates along the margins of the northern Arabic and northeastern African plates (modified from Scotese, 2001). For lithostratigraphy and distribution see Barrier and Vrielynck, 2008).

Fig. 7 Broeckinella hensoni n in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 7 Broeckinella hensoni n. sp., upper Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of the Naghan section, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a, c Subaxial sections. Specimen shown in A displays more than 40 chambers in the uncoiled adult part. d Detail from c showing initial coiled part. e Oblique equatorial section. f Slightly oblique equatorial section showing flabelliform test morphology (test diameter: ~6.6 mm). Thin-sections: 2NG 153 (a), 2NGN (b, f), 2NG 38 (c–d), NG 197-1 (e). Scale bars 1.0 mm.

Fig. 6 in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 6 Broeckinella arabica Henson, upper Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of the Mandegan (a, d) and Naghan sections (b– c, e–f), Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a, c–d Oblique equatorial sections, partly fragmentary, in some parts crossing the subepidermal network (e.g., a and left side of d). Note the undivided central part of the chambers in c. b Tangential section in the plane with only main partitions aligned between subsequent chambers (= zone 2 in Henson 1948; see Fig. 6a). e–f Oblique sections. Note initial planispiral part in the megalospheric specimen in e passing the proloculus (arrow). Note also the chambers undivided in the central part in e. Thin-sections: Rt 104 (a), NG 42-1 (b), NG 21 (c), Rt 85 (d), 2NG 49 (e), 2NG 112 (f). Scale bars 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8 Broeckinella hensoni n in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 8 Broeckinella hensoni n. sp., upper Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of the Naghan (a, d–e) and Mandegan (b–c, f) sections, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a Oblique equatorial section. Note porcelaneous test of Cuvillerinella sp. below. b Detail showing fine subepidermal network (sn, below), followed by zone with radial partitions (rp) only and finally the undivided central chamber part with foramina (f) piercing the septa (s). c Oblique section cutting the initial planispiral part. d–e Oblique equatorial sections showing zones of different internal structure (see Text-Figure 3). f Detail from c showing initial planispirally coiled part with numerous chambers. Note also the fine subepidermal network and main partitions (right side). Thin-sections: 2NG 166 (a), Rt 67-1 (b), RT 72 (c, f), 2NG 118 (d), 2NG 172 (e). Scale bars 1.0 mm for a, c–e, 0.2 mm for b and f.

Fig. 5 in Maastrichtian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Arabian Plate Sensu Lato: New Data From Somalia, Turkey, And Iran

Fig. 5 Cyclopsinella steinmanni (Munier-Chalmas) from the upper Maastrichtian of Somalia (Auradu Formation: a), Iran (Tarbur Formation: b-c, e-f), and C. steinmanni from the upper Santonian of France (d). a from Luger (2018, pl. 4, fig. 10 as Saudia sp.). b-c, e-f Naghan section. Note the aligned pillars (partly fusing laterally) in b and f, and sporadic rudimentary short rafter (r) in e. d from Gendrot (1964, pl. 1, fig. 10). Abbreviations: pi = pillar, r = rafter, s = septum.

Fig. 4 in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 4 Internal structure of Broeckinella arabica Henson. a Drawing of a slightly oblique equatorial section (slightly modified from Henson, 1947, fig. 13c; see also Cherchi and Schroeder 1978, fig. 1C). 1 = subepidermal layer (network; exoskeleton), 2 = zone with transverse partitions only, 3 = undivided chamber interior (lacking endoskeleton); septa with foramina. b Tangential equatorial section of Broeckinella arabica showing the three zones of Henson (1948). Thin-section Rt 85, Mandegan section. c Tangential equatorial section showing main partitions aligned between successive chambers (detail from Fig. 6d). Thin-section NG 42-1, Naghan section.

Fig. 5 Broeckinella hensoni n in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 5 Broeckinella hensoni n. sp. (a) and Broeckinella arabica Henson (b–d) from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation, Naghan section. a Foraminiferal wackestone with Broeckinella hensoni n. sp., thin-section 2NG 197. b Foraminiferal wackestone with Broeckinella arabica Henson, 2NG 128-1. c–d Details from b, showing a microspheric specimen. Scale bars in c and d = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 3 Naghan section, along the road from Naghan to Izeh with the type-level of Broeckinella hensoni n. sp. marked by an asterisk (left side).

Fig. 1 in Broeckinella Hensoni N. Sp., A New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran And A Revision Of The Genus Broeckinella Henson, 1948

Fig. 1 Peneroplis aragonensis (Peybernès) nov. comb. a Equatorial section. b Broken axial section (both from Peybernès, 1984, pl. 1, fig. 1 and 7, Late Albian of Spanish Pyrenees). c Detail from d showing fine surface ornamentation (striae). d Slightly oblique equatorial section. e Subaxial section showing fine striae of surface ornamentation (c-e from the Late Albian Barcenaciones Formation, Cantabria, N-Spain, leg M. Najarro).

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Fig. 3 in Dictyoconella Henson, 1948, Upper Cretaceous Larger Benthic Foraminifera: A Taxonomic Revision With The Establishment Of Gusicella Gen. Nov. (Type-Species Dictyoconella Minima Henson)

Fig. 3 Dictyoconella complanata Henson from the Maastrichtian of Qatar (a-b) and Iran (c-e). a, isolated specimen, holotype (from Henson, 1948, pl. 6, fig. 2). Section planes 1-----1' and 2-----2' refer to b and d respectively. b, transverse section parallel to the median plane (from Henson, 1948, pl. 6, fig. 3, parataype). c, slightly oblique median section. Note the inclination of the chambers towards the apex. Thin section 2Ng 83. d-e, slightly oblique subaxial sections, perpendicular to the median plane (s = septum, f = foramen). Thin sections 2Ng 81, 2Ng 80-5. deuteroconch, eccentric position with twisted apex. Mi- Larger Benthic Foraminifera associated with dasycladale- crospheric embryo not discernible within a close-coiled an algae (Fig. 2). Gusicella minima occurs more common whorl. Adult chambers arched and rectilinear. Exoskelein the lower part of the Tarbur Fm. associated with Om- ton with several orders of horizontal and vertical partiphalocyclus and Loftusia (Wynd, 1965: Omphalocyclu- tions forming a delicate subepidermal network. The marclus-Loftusia assemblage zone), and other taxa such as ginal zone is separated from the central zone by a mar- Gyroconulina columelliforma Schroeder & Darmoian ginal trough. Central zone with pillars alternating be- (Fig. 2c-d). D. complanata is restricted to the upper part tween subsequent chambers. Foramina multiple in the of the Tarbur Formation in a more inner platform setting central zone and with straight arrangement between (compared to the occurrence of G. minima). Here it is chambers; marginal foramina are present. Wall finely associated with taxa such as Loftusia div. sp., Dicyclina agglutinated, thin, consisting of an epiderm and a delicate schlumbergeri Munier-Chalmas, Tarburina zagrosiana sub-epidermal cellular layer. Schlagintweit & Rashidi and Pseudonummoloculina Comparisons: Morphologically, Dictyoconella is unique kalantarii Schlagintweit & Rashidi (Fig. 2a-b). among all other Orbitolinidae due to its strongly compressed (flattened) test. This makes a detailed comparison SYSTEMATICS to the other Upper Cretaceous genera of the Orbitolinidae superfluous. Douglass (1960, p. 256) stated that "it is Phylum Foraminifera d'Orbigny, 1826 likely" that Dictyoconella "is merely a variant of the ge- Class Globothalamea Pawlowski et al., 2013 nus Iraqia". This assumption must be rejected because of Order Loftusiida Kaminski and Mikhalevich in Kamin- the difference in the central zone: reticulate in Iraqia (e.g. ski, 2004 Moullade, 1965) and pillaroid in Dictyoconella. It is Suborder Loftusiina Kaminski and Mikhalevich in Ka- worth noting at this point that the incorrect view of minski, 2004 Douglass was also approved by BouDagher-Fadel and Superfamily Orbitolinoidea Martin, 1890 Price (2009, p. 7) who included Dictyoconella in a group Family Orbitolinidae Martin, 1890 of "Orbitolinids with radial partitions that became zig- Subfamily Dictyoconinae Moullade, 1965 zagged, thickening and fusing centrally. Last but not Genus Dictyoconella Henson, 1948 emended herein least, neither Dictyononella complanata nor "D." minima Type-species: Dictyoconella complanata Henson, 1948. were treated in the revision of the Orbitolinidae by Cruz- Holotype P.35832 in Henson (1948), in repository at the Abad (2018) although the genus was considered valid by Natural History Museum London. Loeblich and Tappan (1987). Accessible from the origi- Diagnosis: Large-sized, laterally compressed test, flabel- nal samples of Qatar deposited at the Natural History liform. The test displays a distinct asymmetry, with one Museum in London (see pictures at nhm.ac.uk), the specside (with the eccentric embryo) that is wider (with re- imens were labeled Dictyoconella (Dictyoconus) comspect to the central axis) and presents a concave outer planata by Henson. In fact, Dictyconella is best described periphery in equatorial section. Test base distinctly con- as a distinctly compressed (flattened) Dictyoconus vex. Megalospheric embryo simple, biloculine with ellip- Blanckenhorn. Two specimens of Dictyoconella comsoidal protoconch and hemispherical to sickle-shaped planata were interpreted as microspheric specimens of