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79 results for “Black bear”
Data from: American black bears perceive the risks of crossing roads
Roadways may negatively impact wildlife species through vehicular-related mortality and spatial displacement or obstruction. Here we investigated physiological responses, which provide insights into the animal's perception of its environment. We deployed GPS-collars in combination with cardiac biologgers on American black bears (Ursus americanus; 18 bear-years) in areas with differing road densities across Minnesota, USA. We tested whether bears exhibited acute stress responses, as defined by significant increases in heart rate (HR), associated with road crossings. Maximum HR between successive telemetry locations were, on average, 13 bpm higher when bears were known to cross a road. They crossed a road, on average, once per day. Different demographic groups (males, females with and without cubs) responded similarly. We found stronger HR responses when crossing high-traffic roads relative to low-traffic in half of the bear-year combinations we sampled. Bears crossed high-traffic roads mainly at night, but low traffic roads during daylight. Bear HRs first became elevated when 73−183 meters away from roadways. Our findings suggest that roadways act as an acute stressor, but the magnitude of the stress response appears to be mild. Elevated HRs may reflect an increased vigilance and recognition of threat when preparing to cross a road. Bears' recognition and alertness to human-related threats is adaptive for living in human-altered landscapes.
Figure 3 from: Furusaka S, Kozakai C, Nemoto Y, Umemura Y, Naganuma T, Yamazaki K, Koike S (2017) The selection by the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) of spring plant food items according to their nutritional values. ZooKeys 672: 121-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.10078
Figure 3 - Right-angled mixture triangles (RMT) depicting the macronutrient balance of Quercus crispula, Salix bakko, Malus toringo, Elaeagnus umbellata, Alnus firma, Clethra barbinervis, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Betula ermanii leaves in early and late May. The RMT on the left a is early May, while the RMT on the right b is late May. Crude protein is represented on the implicit axis which varies inversely with distance from the origin (the dashed gray line indicates 25% protein content).
Figure 2 from: Furusaka S, Kozakai C, Nemoto Y, Umemura Y, Naganuma T, Yamazaki K, Koike S (2017) The selection by the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) of spring plant food items according to their nutritional values. ZooKeys 672: 121-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.10078
Figure 2 - Proportion of observed time for each food item and seasonal changes in the nutritional values of Quercus crispula (left) leaves, Malus toringo (center) leaves, and Salix bakko (right) leaves from early May (leaf flash) to late June 2013. A The proportion of time for which bears were observed consuming (2013: black and 2014: gray) B total energy C neutral detergent fiber, and D crude protein. Different lower case letters within each graph indicate significant differences (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.05). White circles indicate when bears were observed consuming Q. crispula leaves (early May and late May), M. toringo leaves (early May), and S. bakko (early May and late May).
Figure 1 from: Furusaka S, Kozakai C, Nemoto Y, Umemura Y, Naganuma T, Yamazaki K, Koike S (2017) The selection by the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) of spring plant food items according to their nutritional values. ZooKeys 672: 121-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.10078
Figure 1 - Map of the study area, located in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains range in Tochigi and Gunma Prefectures, central Japan. Black lines were trails to observe bears and black circles were the points of vegetation surveyed in the Ashio area.
Animal-borne video systems provide insight into the reproductive behavior of the Asian black bear
<p>Previous studies on the mating system of the Asian black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) have been limited to observations of captive populations and estimations of multiple paternities. Hence, the mating system of wild bears remains poorly understood. Animal-borne camera systems (i.e., cameras mounted on animals) provide novel tools to study the behavior of elusive animals. Here, we used an animal-borne video system to record the activities of wild bears during the mating season. Video camera collars were attached to four adult Asian black bears (Male 'A' and 'B', and female 'A' and 'B') captured in Tokyo, central Japan, in May and June 2018. The collars were retrieved in July 2018, after which the video data were downloaded and analyzed in terms of bear activity and mating behavior. All the bears were found to interact with other uniquely identifiable bears for some of the time (range 9–22 days) during the deployment period (range 36–45 days), and multiple mating in males were documented. Both males and females exhibited different behaviors on social days (i.e., days when the bear interacted with conspecifics) compared to solitary days (i.e., days with no observed interactions with conspecifics). Compared to solitary days, the bears spent a lower proportion of time on foraging activities, and higher proportion of time on resting activities on social days. Our results suggest that Asian black bears have a polygamous mating system, as both sexes consort and potentially mate with multiple partners during a given mating season. Furthermore, bears appeared to reduce their foraging activities on social days, and engaged more in social interactions.</p>
Data from: Molecular phylogeny and SNP variation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) derived from genome sequences
We assessed the relationships of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos), and black bears (U. americanus) with high throughput genomic sequencing data with an average coverage of 25X for each species. A total of 1.4 billion 100-bp paired-end reads was assembled using the polar bear and annotated giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) genome sequences as references. We identified 13.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the three species aligned to the polar bear genome. These data indicate that polar bears and brown bears share more SNP with each other than either does with black bears. Concatenation and coalescence-based analysis of consensus sequences of approximately one million base pairs of ultra-conserved elements (UCE) in the nuclear genome resulted in a phylogeny with black bears as the sister group to brown and polar bears, and all brown bears are in a separate clade from polar bears. Genotypes for 162 SNP loci of 336 bears from Alaska and Montana showed that the species are genetically differentiated and there is geographic population structure of brown and black bears but not polar bears.
Figure 2 in Camera traps reveal use of caves by Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus) (Mammalia: Ursidae) in southeastern Iran
Figure 2. Camera trap set up on (A) rocks and (B) tree in the Dehbakri-Dalfard area.
Figure 2 in The status and conservation of the Asiatic black bear in Nikshahr County, Baluchistan District of Iran
Figure 2. Points and transects visited within the study area.
Figure 2 in Seasonal diets of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the Khangchendzonga National Park, Eastern Himalaya India
Figure 2. Flow chart of scat analysis procedure in the laboratory.
Data from: Molecular phylogeny and SNP variation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) derived from genome sequences
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Demography of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in a semiarid environment
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Data from: American black bears perceive the risks of crossing roads
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Data from: The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence
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Animal-borne video systems provide insight into the reproductive behavior of the Asian black bear
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Preservation of bone mass and structure in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) through elevated expression of anabolic genes
GEO Series GSE35796. Ursus americanus. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Gene Expression Data of Hibernating and Summer Active Black Bears
GEO Series GSE15099. Ursus americanus. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Comparative functional genomics of adaptation to muscular disuse in hibernating mammals (black bears)
GEO Series GSE62220. Ursus americanus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
MiRNA regulation of auto-anticoagulation in hibernating black bears: A Novel Translational Approach
GEO Series GSE124398. Ursus americanus. 21 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Modulation of gene expression in heart and liver of hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus)
GEO Series GSE27875. Ursus americanus. 35 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.