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77 results for “Boreholes”
Fig. 3 in Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes
Fig. 3. Ranges of Silurian plectambonitoidean, strophomenoidean, and orthotetoidean brachiopods within the Lithuanian boreholes (see Appendix, Table 1 for details).
Data from: A national VS30 model for South Korea to combine nationwide dense borehole measurements with ambient seismic noise analysis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Storylines of the 2022 UK drought using seasonal hindcasts at Anglian catchments and boreholes
<p>In this study, we investigate the drivers of winter rainfall for the region of eastern England supplied by Anglian Water using a large sample of plausible winters in hindcasts from the ECMWF seasonal forecasting system SEAS5. The SEAS5 hindcast dataset (1982-2021) is used to provide a large sample of plausible winters (Dec, Jan, Feb - DJF). A series of meteorological indices (such as NAO, EA, Nino3.4, polar vortex strength and the SST tripole index) describing atmospheric circulation patterns are calculated from both observed winters (ERA5 reanalysis - 1960-2015) and for each winter in the hindcast dataset. K-means clustering of all the calculated indices are used to create clusters with similar characteristics.</p> <p>Storylines were created to represent plausible pathways of the 2022 drought assuming winter 2022/23 resembled each of the four winter clusters. Storylines was simulated by running GR6J and Aquimod using the top parameter set for the baseline period up until November 2022 after which hindcast rainfall and PET data for each winter (DJF) in the four winter clusters were appended in place of winter 2022/23. This dataset contains simulated river flows and groundwater level for each storyline and for each of the selected river catchments or borehole in the Anglian Water region. Each file is named with the NRFA station id / groundwater borehole name and the cluster number (i.e. C1, C2, C3 or C4).</p> <p>In the LTA100 experiment, spring (MAM), summer (JJA) and autumn (SON) 2023 were assumed to have 100% long term average (LTA) rainfall by selecting the closest years matching 100% LTA rainfall in the observations. In the LTA60 experiment, it is assumed that summer (JJA) 2023 follow 60% LTA seasonal rainfall.</p>
Fig. 1 in Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes
Fig. 1. Map of Lithuania showing the positions of the boreholes mentioned in the text.
Boreholes and temperature logs from the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China, Version 1
Four groups of borehole data from the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau are presented. 1) Boreholes at three sites, with sand surface, natural surface, and near a sand dune, at 66 Road Station - 1994 and 1995 measurements to about 17 meters. 2) Borehole temperatures at Borehole CK123 - 1979, 1984, 1994 measurements to 60 meters.3) Borehole temperatures at five sites in Fenghuoshan Station area - 1962, 1967, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1994, 1995 measurements to 35 meters. 4) Boreholes at Xidatan-Kunlun Pass area - 1994 and 1995 measurements to 17.5 meters; 1994 and 1995 measurements to 25 meters; and 1975, 1976, 1979, 1985, 1989, 1994 and 1995 to 30 meters. Data provided by Wang Shaoling and Cheng Guodong, Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Some of these data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Borehole temperatures from mountain permafrost monitoring, Mongolia, Version 1
Location and description of some geocryological boreholes in Mongolia. Data include latitude, longitude, location, depth of permafrost top and bottom, and mean annual soil temperature. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Borehole temperatures in deep wells of Western Siberia, Russia, 1960-1995, Version 1
This data set is a database of the permafrost and geothermal conditions of the oil and gas deposits of Western Siberia. Data were taken from 736 plots, each having from one to ten wells. The data set includes soil and rock temperatures at 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, and 3000 meters; depth of the bedding of the top and bottom of permafrost layers; size of the thermal flows in the subpermafrost; and thickness of frozen layers and underlying thawed layers. Additional information includes the geographical coordinates of the sites, the air temperature, permafrost-geothermal geological sections, maps of thermal flows, and the distribution of the temperatures at each depth (down to 5000 meters). The data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Permafrost Temperature Data from a Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973 - 2014, Version 1
These data consist of fully processed permafrost temperature data from borehole logs acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from the 24-element US Department of the Interior (DOI) Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) Deep Borehole Array in arctic Alaska beginning in 1973 and ending in 2014. The data represent the true temperatures in the wellbores and surrounding rocks at the time of the measurements.
Borehole locations and permafrost depths, Alaska, USA, Version 1
The methods utilized by the U.S. Geological Survey to measure subsurface temperatures have evolved considerably over the years. Although some of the early measurements were obtained using thermistor strings frozen into permafrost, the vast majority of the measurements were made in fluid-filled holes using a custom temperature sensor. A typical sensor used in Alaska prior to 1989 consisted of a series-parallel network of 20 thermistors; see Sass et al. [1971] for a more detailed description. During a logging experiment, the resistance of the thermistor network was determined using a Wheatstone bridge prior to 1967. After that time, a 4-wire resistance measurement was made using a commercial 5.5-digit multimeter (DMM). Before 1984, boreholes were logged in the 'incremental' or 'stop-and-go' modes; the vertical spacing of the measurements was typically 3-15 m. Beginning in 1984, the depth/resistance measurements were automatically stored on magnetic tape, allowing boreholes to be logged in the 'continuous' mode; the typical data spacing for the continuous temperature logs was 0.3 m (1 ft). Many of the Alaskan boreholes were re-logged several times to quantify the thermal disturbance caused by drilling the holes (see Lachenbruch and Brewer [1959]). A review of current temperature measuring techniques used by the USGS in the polar regions is given by Clow et al. [1996]. Data from 1950-1989 are included on the CAPS CD-ROM Version 1.0, June 1998.
Borehole permafrost data, Kumtor and Taragai Valleys, Tienshan, Kazakhstan, Version 1
This dataset includes observations of the permafrost temperatures in the Inner Tien Shan were started in 1986 by Kazakhstan Alpine Permafrost Laboratory. Observations are carried out on more than 40 boreholes, at altitudes between 3300-4200 m. The depths of the boreholes vary from 30 to 600 m. The boreholes are located in both loose (moraines) sediments and bedrock. Several boreholes are situated in the territory of the 'Kumtor' goldmine. The geocryological conditions of goldmine 'Kumtor' and nearby territory have been discussed in scientific reports 1988, 1989 and articles (see references). Two boreholes were drilled in body of glacier 'Davydov' and located in the central and lateral parts of the glacier (depth - 30 m). A third borehole passed through the glacier, moraine and bedrock to a depth of 600 m. In the Kumtor and Taragai valleys, permafrost temperature in 14 boreholes from 25 to 50 m depth, between 3300-3750 m ASL were observed. The distance between outermost boreholes is about 40 km.Temperature measurements in 9 geological prospecting adits [tunnels] (lengthwise 1500-1900 m) located in the four neighboring valleys (altitudes from 3920 to 4010 m) were carried out. At the same sites, but in natural conditions, the thermal conductivity of the bedrock was determined by the cylindrical sounding method. Grain size, soil moisture content, cryogenic structure and depth of seasonal thaw were also obtained from 15 pits located in differing altitudinal levels and exposures. At two further sites, ground temperatures measurements at depths of 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 cm were taken every hour during daylight hours every 5 days over a two year period. Air temperature, wind velocity and duration of daylight were measured at the same time as the ground temperature measurements. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Shallow Borehole Temperatures, Ilulissat, Greenland, Version 1
This data set contains borehole temperatures from Ilulissat, west Greenland (69°N, 51°N, 44 m asl), recorded from 21 thermistors at depths of 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, 8 m, 9 m, 11 m, 13 m, and 15 m below the surface. Snow depth, snow extent, and surface air temperature were also recorded. Thermometers recorded temperatures once a day from 06 November 1968 to 15 June 1982; however, this data set only contains bi-weekly averages. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.
Catalog of boreholes from Russia and Mongolia, Version 1
This catalog of boreholes from across Russia and Mongolia includes those published in papers and monographs as well as other literature of limited circulation. The 122 boreholes were used to derive a characterization of the Russian territory according to eight geocryological regions. Five boreholes are included for Mongolia. Data from these boreholes were used in the generation of the Circum-arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions (Brown et al., 1997). Data obtained from various sources as noted within each borehole entry. The time period varies for each borehole, but is primarily from the late 1980s to early 1990s. Observation methods include 'Standard logging', a combined natural gamma logging, electric logging and well caliper logging; 'Geothermal observations' which demonstrate the thickness of layer with the temperature below zero (data of Yakutsk Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR); visual observations on ice-content in the core, and depth of appearance of fresh water table; thermologging of the boreholes (studies of 'PGO Yakutskgeologia'); and electric, well caliper and thermal logging in pioneer and exploratory oil and gas wells ('PGO Lenaneftegasgeologia' studies). The permafrost base is exposed by a number of adjacent boreholes; interval of fluctuations of permafrost depth is shown. The data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Borehole and environmental protection descriptive and numerical data, Yamal Peninsula, Russia, Version 1
This database of selected borehole records from the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, contains environmental descriptions (textual and numerical) of the units on the index map, and relevant borehole data. The Index Map of Yamal Peninsula (VSEGINGEO-Earth Cryosphere Institute SB RAS; PI - Prof.E.S.Melnikov) was originally compiled at a scale of 1 to 1,000,000, as 'The Map of Natural Complexes of West Siberia for the Purpose of Geocryological Prediction and Planning of Nature-Protection Measures for the Mass Construction, 1 to 1 mln' (1991) by E.S.Melnikov and N.G.Moskalenko (eds.). It was taken as a base map for nature-protection regionalization. Environmental 'regions', 'sub-regions', 'landscapes' and localities' shown on a landscape map are merged into the nature-protection regions. The map was compiled by interpreting more than 1000 satellite images and aerial photos as well as from analysis of field data from several institutions. Dominating components of the landscape, composition of the surface deposits, geocryological conditions and natural protection of ground water were considered while distinguishing the Nature-Protection Regions within the limits of Environmental Regions (Melnikov, 1988). The map is supplied with relevant databases, containing the following information - number of regions and landscape type; category of resiliency; category of the ground water protection; vegetation type; geological and geocryological structure to the depth of 10-15 m; ice content (of lenses and of macro-inclusions separately); thickness of seasonally frozen and seasonally thawed layers; ground temperature; contemporary exogenic geological (periglacial) processes; and the area affected by these processes.The 55 nature-protection regions of Yamal Peninsula generalize information. To approve the ranges of geocryological and cryolithological characteristics, 160 boreholes were retrieved out of the database containing more than 4000 boreholes data obtained in 1977-1990 by Fundamentproekt Design Institute (Moscow, Russia; PI - Dr.sci.M.A.Minkin) at Kharasavey and Bovanenkovo gas fields and along the pipelines Yamal-Ukhta and Yamal-Uzhgorod. The boreholes have reference to geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude), as well as to the nature-protection region numbers shown on the Index Map. A total of 21 units are covered by borehole data, 5-8 boreholes in each unit, covering most typical conditionsThe original database consisted of 3 relational tables. The first table includes category of resiliency; locality type description; landscape type description; ground-ice content, water saturation, cryogenic structure, macro-ground-ice content; vegetation types; seasonally frozen and seasonally thawed layer depths; ground temperature at 10 m; exogenic geological processes an their paragenesis and combinations; and degree of the surface disturbance. The second relational table contains layer-by-layer description of the lithological section types. The third table for the boreholes includes the description of topography around the borehole; types of geological profiles through the active layer and depths down to the permafrost table; ground temperature at 10-m depth (close to the depth of zero annual amplitude in the area); macro-ice content; and salinity of permafrost. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.
Ground Temperatures from Deep Boreholes in the Ob River Valley, Russia (VK-1615 and ZS-124/124a), Version 1
This data set contains soil temperature data from three deep boreholes in the Ob River valley in Russia. Boreholes were drilled in 1967 (VK-1615), 1977 (ZS-124), and 1980 (ZS-124a) in discontinuous permafrost of approximately 70 m depth. Borehole VK-1615 was sampled to a depth of 100 m between 1971 and 2002, ZS-124 was sampled monthly to a depth of 13 m between 1978 and 1980, and ZS-124a was sampled monthly to a depth of 33.7 m between 1980 and 2002.
IPA-IPY Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) Snapshot Borehole Inventory, Version 1
During the planning and implementation of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007 - 2009, the International Permafrost Association (IPA) coordinated the acquisition of permafrost temperature data under the Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) Project #50. The TSP project goals included the acquisition of standardized temperature measurements (snapshots) from all permafrost regions on Earth, preparation of a global data set, and development of maps of contemporary permafrost temperatures. As a result of the project, networks of boreholes, equipped for long-term permafrost temperature observations, were established and consist of approximately 860 boreholes in both hemispheres with more than 25 participating countries. Approximately 350 of the boreholes were drilled and instrumented during the IPY period under various nationally funded projects. Comparison of the current Mean Annual Ground Temperature (MAGT) and historical data allows participating countries and other users to assess the thermal state of permafrost dynamics over the last several decades. The TSP project also included active layer measurements, many of which are observed annually under the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) project. Future plans are for these networks to become part of an international network of permafrost observatories with data available for monitoring and multidisciplinary research in both polar and non-polar permafrost regions.This data set consists of an inventory of these boreholes in two Excel spreadsheets — one by country (TSP_Borehole_inventory_countries.xls) and one as a composite (TSP_borehole_inventory_composite.xls) for ease in searching. The spreadsheets include the geographic coordinates of the boreholes, elevation, depth of borehole (BH), year drilled, the MAGT, permafrost (PF) thickness, country, responsible person, affiliation, and sponsors. A summary of the number and type of boreholes by country is provided in a PDF document (N_and_S_hemisphere_borehole_summary.pdf), and a high-resolution JPEG image of the borehole locations (TSP_BoreHoles_location_map_highres.jpg) is also included. The inventory lists boreholes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres with 790 of the boreholes located in the Northern Hemisphere. The inventory primarily concentrates on measurements from new and existing boreholes from 2007 to 2009. For historical purposes, some boreholes active since the 1980s are included. Boreholes are classified as four different types: surface (SU) <10 m, shallow (SH) 10-25 m, intermediate (IB) 25-125 m, and deep (DB) >125 m according to the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) classification. For Antarctica, the surface boreholes are split into two subclasses: <SU (<2 m) and SU (2-10 m). The TSP is a field component of the <a href="http://www.gtnp.org">Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost</a> (www.gtnp.org).Data from over 500 of these boreholes are presented and discussed in a series of papers in the special IPY - TSP issue of <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.v21:2/issuetoc">Permafrost and Periglacial Processes</a> (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.v21:2/issuetoc) that include five regional papers and one synthesis paper. The Data Contributors of this data set were senior authors of these papers. All other data contributors are listed under Personnel in the <a href="http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=g02190">metadata record</a> (http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=g02190) for this data set.The TSP Snapshot Inventory was compiled and edited from individual sources by Alexander Kholodov, Permafrost Laboratory, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and Jerry Brown, President (2003-2008), International Permafrost Association.
Datasets of in situ stress and fracture information of four deep scientific boreholes
<p>The data sets contain four MS Excel files with the in situ stress and fracture information from four deep scientific boreholes (Cajon Pass, Long Valley, Nevada Test Site (NTS), and German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB)). The raw data sets were originally provided by Prof. Mark Zoback at Stanford University, which are listed here to support 'Determination of the Crustal Friction and State of Stress in Deep Boreholes using Hydrologic Indicators' by S Zhang, X Ma, and M Zoback.</p> <p>In each Excel file, gradients of the three principal stresses (<em>S</em><sub>V</sub>, <em>S</em><sub>H</sub>, <em>S</em><sub>h</sub>) and pore pressure are provided (unit: MPa / m), where is <em>S</em><sub>V</sub> the (vertical) overburden stress, <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> is the maximum horizontal stress, and <em>S</em><sub>h</sub> is the minimum horizontal stress. The orientation (theta, measured from North) of <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> is also given so that the in situ stress tensor is available for each borehole (interval).</p> <p>Fractures identified by acoustic televiewer (ATV) logs are listed with their depth, dip direction (from North), dip (from horizontal plane), and hydraulic conductivity. Based on the stress gradients, the shear and normal stresses of each fracture are also calculated and presented in each file. In particular, the hydraulic conductivity of each fracture is indexed by '0' (non-conductive/impermeable) or '1' (conductive/permeable), which was previously determined by temperature logs (Barton et al., 1995, Geology; Ito and Zoback, 2000, GRL).</p> <p>Citation:</p> <p> "Zhang, S., Ma, X., & Zoback, M. (2022). Datasets of in situ stress and fracture information of four deep scientific boreholes [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585196"</p>
A new methodology using borehole data to measure angular distances between geological interfaces - Input and processed data
<p>This companion dataset relates to the manuscript "<strong>A new methodology using borehole data to measure angular distances between geological interfaces</strong>", by</p> <p>Michał P. Michalak<sup>a,b,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote1sym"><sup>1</sup></a>, Paweł Marzec<sup>b,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote2sym"><sup>2</sup></a>, Filip Turoboś<sup>c,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote3sym"><sup>3</sup></a>, Paulina Leonowicz<sup>d,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote4sym"><sup>4</sup></a>, Lesław Teper<sup>a,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote5sym"><sup>5</sup></a>, Paweł Gładki<sup>e,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote6sym"><sup>6</sup></a>, Michael J. Pyrcz<sup>f</sup><sup>,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote7sym"><sup>7</sup></a>,</p> <p>Mariusz Szubert<sup>g,</sup><a href="#sdfootnote8sym"><sup>8</sup></a></p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote1anc">1</a> Michał Michalak devised the project, wrote the manuscript, performed the computations and discussed the results.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote2anc">2</a> Paweł Marzec conducted the geological interpretation and discussed the results.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote3anc">3</a> Filip Turoboś conducted the statistical analysis.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote4anc">4</a> Paulina Leonowicz prepared the chapter about stratigraphy.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote5anc">5</a> Lesław Teper prepared the chapter about regional geology.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote6anc">6</a> Paweł Gładki participated in the study conceptualisation (discussion about distance functions)</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote7anc">7</a> Michael Pyrcz discussed the applications of the method and revised the statistical section.</p> <p><a href="#sdfootnote8anc">8</a> Mariusz Szubert was responsible for the data acquisition.</p> <p>The archive contains the input and processed data. The input data contains XYZ coordinates of points documenting the investigated interfaces. The output files contains calculated orientations and coordinates of vectors. The output files can be processed in RStudio.</p>
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