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FIG. 9 in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 9. — Harmelinius uniserialis (Harmelin, 1978), vicarious kenozooids: A, drawing of two interconnected KZ, laterally budded by 2 AZ; B, light photography of the same zooids; C, part of colony with seven variously shaped KZ connected to several AZ; D, two differently sized KZ budded from the lateral walls of two AZ; E, pentagonal KZ with proximal corner folded on the budding locus of the maternal zooid; F, frontal wall of a large KZ with central window open on a thick, multilayered wall, surrounded by seven porous knobs. Distansescharella d'Orbigny, 1853: G, D. alcicornis (Jullien, 1882), large vicarious KZ with central window, abutted on to an AZ and close to an adventitious avicularium; H, D. seguenzai Cipolla, 1921, reticulum formed by three small KZ with a central window surrounded by 2-5 conical spinous processes with a likely porous tip; I, D. alcicornis, avicularium with opesia and rostrum poorly differentiated, and proximal side folded on the maternal zooid. Origin: A, B, Azores, São Miguel bathyal slope, Biaçores Stn 197, 815 m (9A copied from Harmelin 1978, fig. 2); C, F, Hyères SMT, Stn DW 200; D, E, Tyro SMT, Stn DW 276; G, I, R/V Thalassa, Y434, 620 m, on Lophelia prolifera (Linnaeus, 1758); H, R/V Calypso, Stn 1902, Libya. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 200 µm; C, 400 µm; E, G, H, 100 µm; I, 50 µm.

FIG. 4 in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 4. — Harmelinius uniserialis (Harmelin, 1978), morphology of non ovicelled autozooids and ancestrula: A, autozooid (AZ) with two avicularia (AV1) and distal budding from the kenozooidal cap, budded from the lateral side of another AZ; B, AZ distal part with a AV1 avicularium, note the foramen through the transverse wall separating the AZ orifice from the kenozooidal cap (idem in A), the concave proximal edge of the orifice and the unequal size of costae; C, eroded kenozooidal cap showing its subconical chamber and the broken base of the AZ transverse wall; D, distal part of AZ showing the boundary between the kenozooidal cap and the orifice frame; E, ancestrula and AZ, note their contrasting sizes and the proximal budding by the ancestrula. Origin: A, B, C, Hyères SMT, Stn DW 200; D, E, Tyro SMT, Stn DW 276. Scale bars: A, B, E, 200 µm; C, D, 100 m.

FIG. 8 in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 8. — Harmelinius uniserialis (Harmelin, 1978), drawings of five types of avicularia: A, "adnate" (AV3); B, "pyramidal" (AV4); C, "giant" (AV5); D, "columnar" (AV1); E, "globular" (AV2). Origin: copied from diverse SEM pictures. Scale bar: 50 µm.

FIG. 2 in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 2. — Harmelinius uniserialis (Harmelin, 1978), colonized substrates and general aspect of colonies: A, fragment of Madrepora oculata Linnaeus,1758; B, pebble; C, part of colony showing non-caudate autozooids, optical view; D, other aspect of the same colony, SEM view; E, part of colony with typical features. Origin: A, C, D, Hyères SMT, Stn DW 184; B, Irving SMT, Stn DW 251; E, Tyro SMT, Stn DW 276. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 400 µm.

FIG. 7. — A in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 7. — A, Glabrilaria pedunculata (Gautier, 1956), ovicelled zooid crowned by seven pedunculate avicularia; B, Cribrilaria cassidainsis Harmelin, 1984, colony edge with ten interzooidal avicularia. Origin: A, B, Mediterranean Sea, France, La Ciotat, 3PP Cave, 40-60 m inside; A, B, 20-24 m depth. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, 200 µm.

FIG. 3 in Biodiversity of bathyal coral gardens - portrait of a uniserial bryozoan endemic to the South Azorean Seamount Chain: an unexpected evolutionary testbed?

FIG. 3. — Harmelinius uniserialis (Harmelin, 1978), structure of colonies and graphs of zooid proportions: A - a, distal budding of autozooids with long cauda; b, lateral budding of autozooid (AZ) and kenozooid (KZ); c, abutment of kenozooid on ovicelled AZ - 1, KZ (21% white), non-ovicelled AZ (78% grey), ovicelled AZ (1% black); 2, non ovicelled AZ without avicularium (AV) (59% white), with one AV (24% grey), with two AV (17% dark); 3, ovicelled AZ, with one AV (23% grey), with two AV (77% dark); B, ovicellar kenozooid connected to the lateral pore chamber of an adjacent AZ; C, zooidal aggregation with 12 AZ without cauda, 28 AV and three KZ; D, clustering of three AZ without cauda, involving a small vicarious kenozooid abutted on to an avicularium (AV4) in proximal position, co-occurring with another AV type (AV2); E, dense aggregation of KZ. Origin: A, B, Tyro SMT, Stn DW 276; C, D, E, Tyro SMT, Stn DW 278. Scale bars: A, C, E, 400 µm; B, D, 200 µm.

FIG. 11. — A-C in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 11. — A-C, Bryocryptella torquata (Jullien, 1903); A, colony fragment, frontal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2815a; B, colony fragment, dorsal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2815b; C, detail view of zooids, FAN31: AMPG(IV) 3500a; D, Tessaradoma boreale (Busk, 1860), colony fragment, FAN28: AMPG(IV) 3613. E-F, Kionidella excelsa Koschinsky, 1885; E, colony fragment, basal view, FAN7: AMPG(IV)3570a; F, frontal view of a few zooids, FAN16: AMPG(IV) 3572. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, E, 200 µm; C, F, 100 µm; D, 1 mm.

FIG. 9. — A, B in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 9. — A, B, Cupuladria cf. canariensis (Busk, 1859); A, frontal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078a; B, dorsal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078b; C, D, Discoporella reussiana (Manzoni, 1869); C, frontal view of a whole colony, KER30: AMPG(IV) 3102; D, dorsal view of a whole colony, KER30: AMPG(IV) 3101; E, Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816), detail of an internode showing two zooids in frontal view, KER17: AMPG(IV) 3150a; F-H, Canda rectangulata Udin, 1964; F, dorsal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506a; G, frontal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b; H, Detail of the same fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b. Scale bars: A-D, 1 mm; E, H, 100 µm; F-G, 200 µm.

FIG. 8. — A-C in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 8. — A-C, Crisia aculeata Hassall, 1841; A, internode, frontal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2828a; B, internode, dorsal view, POTB13 2828b: AMPG(IV); C, internode with gonozooid, KAP22: AMPG(IV) 3339. D-F, Crisia denticulata (Lamarck, 1816); D, internode, frontal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2829a; E, internode dorsal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2829b; F, gonozooid, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2829c. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B-F, 200 µm.

FIG. 6 in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 6. — Theoretical zonation in a transect from coastal to upper bathyal palaeoenvironments following Pérès & Picard (1964). This bionomic depth zonation illustrates the situation on flat muddy bottoms in areas with very clear waters, like in the oligotrophic (eastern) Mediterranean Sea. The distribution of bryozoan growth-form assemblages (in average number of fragments per sample) and the average number of species in each assemblage is indicated in a grey circle (partly inspired from Moissette 2000).

FIG. 1. — A in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 1. — A, Situation map of Crete within the eastern Mediterranean; B, geological sketch map of the island of Crete (after Krijgsman et al. 1994), with location of the studied sections.

FIG. 7. — A, B in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 7. — A, B, Anguisia verrucosa Jullien, 1882; A, bifurcating branch, FAN36: AMPG(IV) 3471; B, encrusting base (left) and erect peristome of the encrusting proximal zooid of a running branch (right), FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3470; C, D, Exidmonea atlantica (Forbes in Johnston, 1847); C, fragment of a branch, frontal view (with a gonozooid on the left upper part), POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2853a; D, fragment of a branch, dorsal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2853b; E-G, Ybselosoecia typica (Manzoni, 1878); E, fragment of a branch (with a large gonozooid), frontal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2881a; F, detail of the ooeciostome of another gonozooid, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2881b; G, fragment of a branch, dorsal view, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2881c. Scale bars: A, D, 200 µm; B, G, 100 µm; C-E, 500 µm.

FIG. 2 in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 2. — Schematic sedimentary log of Potamida composite section with sample location and semi-quantitative abundances of bryozoan species.

FIG. 10. — A-C in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 10. — A-C, Scrupocellaria cf. elliptica (Reuss, 1847); A, view of some zooids showing opesia with 4 spine bases on the outer distal part and 3 spine bases + 1 scutal spine on the inner distal rim, FAN36: AMPG(IV) 3587; B, zooids with 7 spine bases and the scutum, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3586a; C, dorsal surface of a colony fragment with small vibracularia and radicular pores, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3586b; D, E, Scrupocellaria scrupea Busk, 1852; D, ovicellate colony fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3590a; E, detail frontal view showing opesia with five spine bases, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3590b; F-H, Cellaria salicornioides Lamouroux, 1816; F, part of a slender internode, FAN18: AMPG(IV) 3513a; G, detail view showing denticles and endotoichal ovicells, POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2821a; H, avicularia in frontal and lateral view (arrow), POTB13: AMPG(IV) 2821b; I, Gemellipora eburnea Smitt, 1873, broken internode showing two zooids with two oval scars separated by a thin interzooidal groove, CAP032: AMPG(IV) 3426. Scale bars: A-E, G, I, 100 µm; F, H, 200 µm.

FIG. 12. — A-G in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 12. — A-G, Batopora rosula (Reuss, 1847); A, colony, basal-lateral view (arrow indicates the scar of an ovicellate zooid), FAN7: AMPG(IV) 3475a; B, colony, apical view, FAN7: AMPG(IV) 3475b; C, colony, lateral-apical view, FAN7: AMPG(IV) 3475c; D-G, juvenile forms (G, basal view), FAN18: AMPG(IV)a-d; H-I, Orbitulipora excentrica Seguenza, 1880; H, whole colony, FAN22: AMPG(IV) 3580a; I, detail view of the left part of the same colony (arrows indicate ovicellate zooids), FAN22: AMPG(IV) 3580a. Scale bars: H, 500 µm; A-C, I, 200 µm; D-G, 100 µm.

FIG. 5 in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 5. — Schematic sedimentary log of Faneromeni section with sample location and semi-quantitative abundances of bryozoan species.

FIG. 3 in Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean

FIG. 3. — Schematic sedimentary log of Keramoutsi section with sample location and semi-quantitative abundances of bryozoan species.

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Fig. 16 in Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters

Fig. 16. Adeonellopsis toyoshioae sp. nov. A. Colonies from Amami Oshima (NSMT-Te776). B. Branch showing autozooids with broad multiporous spiramen (NSMT-Te776). C. Branch showing crenulate periphery, with tubular peristomes and acute avicularia (NSMT-Te776). D. Branch bifurcation lacking vicarious avicularia (NSMT-Te776). E. Distal end of branch showing young autozooids with large multiporous spiramen (NSMT-Te776). F. Old autozooids with immersed spiramen (NSMT-Te776). A = optical photograph; B–F = SEM images. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, E = 300 μm; C, F = 500 μm; D = 200 μm.

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Fig. 15 in Diversity and distribution of adeonid bryozoans (Cheilostomata: Adeonidae) in Japanese waters

Fig. 15. Adeonellopsis parvirostrum sp. nov. A. Middle of branch, showing autozooids lacking suboral avicularium (NSMT-Te780). B. Kenozooids in old part of branch (NSMT-Te780). C. Autozooids and marginal vicarious avicularia at periphery of branch (NSMT-Te780). D. Lateral view of vicarious avicularium at branch bifurcation (NSMT-Te780). SEM images. Scale bars: A, C–D = 200 μm; B = 300 μm.