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Fig. 2 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 2. Karyotypes of Pimelodella from the Miranda River, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul State. (a) 2n = 46, and (b) 2n = 52.

Fig. 1 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 1. Collection sites of Pimelodella specimens (black circle, 19°34'37"S and 57°00' 42"W) in the Miranda River basin, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

Fig. 4 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 4. Projection of the individual scores obtained through the analysis of the Principal Components of the combined samples of Pimelodella with 2n = 46 (diamonds) and with 2n = 52 (squares).

Fig. 5 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 5. Pectoral-fin spines in Pimelodella from the Miranda River. a) 2n = 46; b) 2n = 52. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 4 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 4. Map of southeastern Brazil showing type locality of Hypostomus yaku, rio Quente, tributary of rio Piracanjuba, rio Paranaíba drainage, upper rio Paraná basin (1 - rio Paranaíba; 2 - rio Grande; 3 - rio Tietê; 4 - rio Paranapanema; 5 - rio Paraná).

Fig. 2 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 2. Detail of the hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral plates of the posterior portion of caudal peduncle in dorsal and lateral views, DZSJRP 15735, holotype, 70.8 mm SL.

Fig. 3 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 3. Dentary teeth from the same specimen of Hypostomus yaku, paratype, DZSJRP 16421, 60.5 mm SL, showing the different size of the medial cuspid according to time of emergence. a) new emerging tooth; b) worn tooth. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 1. Hypostomus yaku, holotype, DZSJRP 15735, 70.8 mm SL, rio Quente, rio Paranaíba drainage, upper rio Paraná basin, Rio Quente, Goiás State, Brazil.

Fig. 6 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil

Fig. 6. Population densities of Eigenmannia trilineata from rio da Lapa, São Domingos karst area, central Brazil, observed from dusk until night phase during two nights (April and August 2001). Asterisk indicates that no sample was recorded in this period at April 2001.

Fig. 4 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil

Fig. 4. Box-plots showing the means and standard deviations (Sd) of population densities data for Eigenmannia vicentespelaea along the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 (a) and between the dry seasons, independent of the years (b) BDS, beginning of dry season; MDS, middle of dry season; EDS, end of dry season.

Fig. 7 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil

Fig. 7. Box-plots showing means and standard deviations of pH (a) conductivity (b) and temperature (c) from the São Vicente II cave stream in the dry seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001 (circle and asterisk represent outliers).

Fig. 3 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil

Fig. 3. Monthly rainfall recorded in the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001. Source: INMET, Posse municipality, Goiás State, central Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil

Fig. 5. Biplot resulting from Principal Component Analysis with seven variables. Dark circles represent sampling units.

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Figure 4 in Seasonality and distribution of Coleoptera families (Arthropoda, Insecta) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

Figure 4. Circular graph of abundance of Coleoptera and the main families (Melolonthidae, Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Bostrichidae, and Chrysomelidae) captured using a light trap in an area of cerrado sensu stricto in Planaltina/DF, Brazil, from June 2015 to May 2016. The areas in blue represent the rainy season (October to March) and the areas in green represent the dry season (April to September).

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Figure 1 in Seasonality and distribution of Coleoptera families (Arthropoda, Insecta) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

Figure 1. Map of Brazil showing the collection point in the Federal District and the light trap used for Coleoptera sampling.

Figs. 13–14 in Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Figs. 13–14. Cyclocephala tucumana, third-instar larva; 13, epipharynx; 14, cibarium, lateral. aca, anterior-most acanthoparia seta; acr, lateroposterior acroparia seta; crp, right part of crepis; lip, tubercle-like process of ligula; ppa, posterior preoral area. Scale = 0.5 mm.

Figs. 48–54 in Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Figs. 48–54. Cyclocephala tucumana, pupa; 48, female, lateral; 49–50, head, frontal (male, female); 51–52, terminalia, ventral (male, female); 53–54, female terminalia with abdomen fully distended (ventral, lateral). ag, male anterior genital ampulla; fg, female genital ampulla; lp, labial palp; mp, maxillary palp; pg, male posterior genital ampulla; pp9, posterior plate of abdominal sternite IX; st9–10, abdominal sternite IX–X; tg9–10, abdominal tergite IX–X. Scale = 2.5 mm.

Figs. 21–23 in Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Figs. 21–23. Cyclocephala tucumana, third-instar larva; 21, right maxilla, inner (cardo omitted); 22, maxilla, hypopharynx and ligula, dorsal; 23, maxilla and labium, ventral. ppa, posterior preoral area. Scale = 0.5 mm (palp details with magnification four times bigger than the maxillolabial complex).

Figs. 1–6 in Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Figs. 1–6. Cyclocephala tucumana; 1, adult male, dorsal; 2, external genitalia of adult female, ventrolateral; 3–4, third-instar larva; 3, lateral; 4, head, frontal; 5–6, terminalia of female pupa, ventral (normal genital ampulla, teratological genital ampulla). fgl–fgr, left and right lobes of female genital ampulla; gcx, left gonocoxite; ggl, left gonangulum; gst, left gonostyle; ppt, left paraproct (barely distinct). Scale, Figs. 1, 3, 5 = 1 mm; Figs. 2, 4 = 0.5 mm (Photos by Rafael Sousa, MZSP).

Figs. 15–20 in Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Figs. 15–20. Cyclocephala tucumana, third instar larva; 15–17, right mandible (ventral, inner, dorsal); left mandible (dorsal, inner, ventral). S1–3, distal, medial, and proximal teeth of incisor (pointed line showing inconspicuous or barely distinct tooth), inn, incisor notch (between S2 and S3). Scale = 0.5 mm.