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FIGURE 6 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 6. Cleithrum (Cle) and postcleithrum (Pc) for the Río Cauca species of Characidium: a.) C. caucanum, IMCN 4529; b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4820; c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527, paratype; d.) C.cf. zebra, IUQ 945.

FIGURE 7 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 7. Comparison of the shape of the medial process of the fifth vertebra in the Characidium species present from the Magdalena-Cauca basin. a.) C. caucanum, IMCN 4529; b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4820; c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527; d.) C. cf. zebra, IMCN 2336. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 5. Swimbladder shape of the Characidium species from the Río Cauca drainage. a.) Characidium caucanum, IMCN 4529 (44.3 mm. SL); b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4529 (77.7 mm. SL); c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527 (45.2 mm. SL) and d.) C. cf. zebra, IUQ 945 (39.9 mm. SL). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 2. Species of the genus Characidium present in the trans-Andean region of Colombia. a.) Characidium caucanum (holotype) FMNH 56057; b.) Characidium phoxocephalum (holotype), FMNH 56061; c.) C. caucanum, IUQ 563 (male); d.) C. phoxocephalum, IUQ 1250; e.) C. caucanum, IUQ 563 (female); f.) C. chancoense (holotype), IMCN 4528; g.) C. zebra (holotype), FMNH 53547; h.) C. sanctjohanni (holotype), ICN-MHN 211; i.) C. cf. zebra, SU 50391; j.). C. sanctjohanni, IMCN 8928; k.) C. cf. boavistae, UCO-P 409; l.) C. cf. boavistae, IMCN 2615.

FIGURE 1. Characidium chancoense. a in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 1. Characidium chancoense. a.) IMCN 4528, Holotype 50.5 mm SL; Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Río Chanco, tributary of Río Cauca. Scale bar: 1cm. b.) Live specimen (uncataloged).

FIGURE 4 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 4. Medial view of (a.) left premaxilla and (b.) dentary of Characidium chancoense, IMCN 4527, paratype. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)

FIGURE 3. Distribution map of the Characidium species in the trans-Andean region. Red-white-X circle: type locality of C. chancoense; gray circle: C. santjohanni; red triangle: C. phoxocephalum; blue triangle: C. cf. zebra; white circle: C.cf. boavistae; blue pentagon: C. caucanum; pink circle: C. chancoense. Some symbols corresponds to more than one species record.

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FIGURE 3 in A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Map of the rio das Velhas sub-basin, rio São Francisco basin, showing the collection sites of Characidium cacah (red star); symbol represents more than one sampling point.

FIGURE 4 in The unknown diversity of the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) in the Chocó biogeographic region, Colombian Andes: Two new species supported by morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 4 Scale detail of C. tatama n. sp. IMCN 8924, Paratype, 36.3 mm LS, white arrows show the rounded point characteristic in the lateral line

FIGURE 2 in The unknown diversity of the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) in the Chocó biogeographic region, Colombian Andes: Two new species supported by morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 2 Ultrametric tree using BEAST representing the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Characidium using COI sequences. Branch lengths were adjusted to a strict molecular clock. The black bars represent the UTOs obtained with the ABGD, GMYC and bPTP molecular delimitation methods and the majority consensus. Green dots posterior probability (>0.95)

FIGURE 1 in The unknown diversity of the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) in the Chocó biogeographic region, Colombian Andes: Two new species supported by morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1 Distribution map of the Characidium genus in the trans- Andean and cis-Andean regions of Colombia. Black triangle (HT)/yellow cicle, C. tatama n. sp.; red triangle (HT)/orange circle, C. dule n. sp.; red diamond, C. caucanum; red circle, C. phoxocephalum; white red mark (HT)/ purple circle, C. chancoense; white circle, C. cf. boavistae; blue diamond, C. cf. zebra; red-black star (HT)/grey circle, C. santcjohanni; HT, holotype

FIGURE 3 C. tatama n in The unknown diversity of the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) in the Chocó biogeographic region, Colombian Andes: Two new species supported by morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 3 C. tatama n. sp., Holotype, IMCN 8925, 38.1 mm LS, Colombia, Chocó, San José Del Palmar. Scale bar = 1 cm

FIGURE 7 in The unknown diversity of the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) in the Chocó biogeographic region, Colombian Andes: Two new species supported by morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 7 Detail of the composition of spots in C. dule n. sp. IMCN 8929, Paratype 38.24 mm LS, arrows show the detail. Scale bar = 1 cm

FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 4. The rio Paraguaçu Basin with the known distribution of Characidium clistenesi sp. nov. Highlighting in the inset indicates Northeastern Brazil, with a square indicating the expanded area. A black star indicates the type locality, and white stars additional known records. Each symbol may represent more than one lot.

FIGURE 6 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic series of Characidium bimaculatum in lateral view. (A) MZFS 15786, 25.1 mm SL (male, with hooks on branched pelvic-fin rays); (B) MZFS 15786, 18.3 mm SL (juvenile, immature); (C) MZFS 15786, 18.3 mm SL (juvenile, immature); (D) MZFS 15786, 16.3 mm SL (juvenile, immature); (E) MZFS 15786, 14.4 mm SL (juvenile, immature); and (F) MZUSP 120553, 10.5 mm SL (juvenile, immature).

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 3. Field underwater photographs of Characidium clistenesi sp. nov. taken (A) in rio São José (voucher MZUSP 120487), and (B) in rio Capivara (voucher MZUSP 120464). Specimens not preserved.

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 5. Characidium bimaculatum, (A) ANSP 69523, 43.0 mm SL, holotype in lateral view, male; (B) MZFS 15889, 36.7 mm SL, male; (C) MZFS 15889, 29.3 mm SL, female. Photo of holotype courtesy of M. Sabaj.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 2. Characidium clistenesi, sp. nov, paratypes in lateral view. (A) MZUSP 120532, 27.5 mm SL, mature male, picture taken soon after formalin preservation; (B) MZUSP 120532, 22.7 mm SL, mature female; (C) MZUSP 120547, 23.3 mm SL, young male with hooks on branched pelvic-fin rays; (D) MZUSP 120547, 21.0 mm SL, juvenile, sex undetermined; and (E) MZUSP 120550, 20.7 mm SL, juvenile, sex undetermined.

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

FIGURE 1. Characidium clistenesi, sp. nov, holotype (MZUSP 120530, 27.4 mm SL, male) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, and (C) ventral views.