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FIGURES 33–38 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 33–38. Hymenes of sternum valves of Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. TEM. 33, 34. Hymenes with very small and rounded perforations becoming linear slits at the margin. 35–37. Hymenes with fine transverse slits with some small-rounded in the middle. 38. Hymenes degraded. Scale bars = 200 nm (Fig. 33), 0.2 μm (Figs 34–38).

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FIGURES 45–53. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. 45–50 SEM. 51–53 TEM. 45, 46 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 45–53. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. 45–50 SEM. 51–53 TEM. 45, 46. External view of the valve raphe. 47–49. Internal view of the sternum valve. 50. External view of the sternum valve. 51. General view of the sternum valve. 52. Areolae with broken hymens. 53. Detail of the fimbriae of sternum valve valvocopula. Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs 45–47, 50, 51), 5 μm (Figs 48, 49), 0.5 μm (Fig. 52), 1 μm (Fig. 53).

FIGURES 27–32 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 27–32: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of cingula. Fig. 27: Valvocopula (VC), and second (S), third (T) and fourth (F) band of ARV. Fig. 28: Opposite pole. Figs 29, 30: Internal views of the terminal areas of RV and ARV with valvocopula (VC), respectively. Arrows indicate the open parts of valvocopula. Fig. 31: Valvocopula (VC) and the second band (S) with ligula (L), remaining on RV. Fig. 32: Valvocopula (VC) and second band (S) of araphid valve (ARV).

FIGURES 19–24 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 19–24: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of araphid valves (ARV). Figs 19, 21, 23: External views of ARV. Figs 20, 22, 24: Internal views of ARV. Figs 19, 20: Whole valves. Figs 21, 22: Marginal areas. Fig. 23: Areolae occluded by the hymenes with perforations in a parallel array. Fig. 24: Alveoli occluding by hymenes (arrows) located near the outer surface.

FIGURES 11–18 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 11–18: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of raphid valves (RV). Figs 11, 13, 14, 17: External views of RV. Figs 12, 15, 16, 18: Internal views of RV. Figs 11, 12: Whole valves. Figs 13, 15: Distal raphe ends in terminal area. Figs 14, 16: Proximal raphe ends in central area. Figs 17, 18: Areolae occluded by the hymenes with linear perforations in a centric array.

FIGURES 1–10 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 1–10: Cocconeis churalis. LM images of holotype and other specimens. Figs 1–8: Raphid valves (RV) (Figs 1–4) and araphid valves (ARV) (Figs 5–8) of the same frustule. Figs 1, 5: Specimens from holotype slide. Figs 9, 10. Specimens from fixed sample. Fig. 9. Cell showing a C-shaped and elaborately lobed plastid. Fig. 10. C. churalis (arrows) and Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua (arrowheads), epiphytic on Murrayella periclados.

FIGURES 25, 26 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 25, 26: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of araphid valves (ARV). Fig. 25: External face of immature ARV showing alveoli, each with one foramen. Fig. 26: Early stage of ARV formation, with rudimentary raphe (arrows).

FIGURES 41–43 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 41–43: Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (SEM). Internal views of the RV. Fig. 41: complete valve, without the RV valvocopula. Note the fine radiate striation and absence of marginal rim. The helictoglossae are very close to the margin. Fig. 42: detail of the marginal oblong flame-like areolae and rounded areolae structured on a hexagonal pattern. Note the presence of short intercalary marginal striae (arrows). Fig. 43: detail of the simple and straight low raised helictogloss. Note the internal hymenate pore occlusion of the areolae. SEM, scale bars: Fig. 41: 5 µm; Fig. 42: 1 µm; Fig. 43: 0.4 µm.

FIGURES 30–35 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 30–35: Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (SEM). Internal views of the SV. Fig. 30: complete valve, with the SV valvocopula open at one apex (arrows). Fig. 31: detail of the areolae hymen with radial long slits. Fig. 32: SV valvocopula expending on the margin, with digitate long fimbriae taking place on the interstriae. The valvocopula manages a space between the valve and the copula (visible on the broken apex) and creates loculi (arrow). Figs 33, 34, 35, detail of the loculi and digitate fimbriae endings (arrows). SEM, scale bars: Fig. 32: 6 µm; Fig. 30: 5 µm; Fig. 34: 2 µm; Figs 33, 35: 1 µm; Fig. 31: 0.7 µm.

FIGURES 36–40 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 36–40: Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (SEM). External views of the RV. Fig. 36: complete valve, with the RV valvocopula open at one apex (arrows). Fig. 37: detail of the areolae on apex, and distal raphe ending close to the margin. Fig. 38: central area restricted and central raphe endings opposed and close to each other. Fig. 39: detail of the arborescent volae closing the areolae (most often two per areolae). Fig. 40: relatively narrow cingulum with a supplementary cingular band/copula (arrow). SEM, scale bars: Fig. 36: 7 µm; Fig. 40: 3 µm; Fig. 38: 2 µm; Fig. 37: 1 µm; Fig. 39: 0.3 µm.

FIGURES 19–25 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 19–25: Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (SEM). External views of the SV. Fig. 19, 20, 21: complete valve. Fig. 22: detail of the margin, with pearls-globular corpuscles spread on the striae. Figs 23, 24: apex and detail of the apically/axially elongated areolae in mid-valve. Fig. 25: open SV valvocopula (arrows). SEM, scale bars: Fig. 20: 8 µm; Fig. 21: 6 µm; Fig. 19: 5 µm; Fig. 24: 3 µm; Figs 22, 23, 25: 1 µm.

FIGURES 13–18 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 13–18. Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (LM). Fig. 13, RV striae (arrow). Fig. 14, RV showing the central raphe endings, and SV valvocopula (arrow). Fig. 15, RV, Fig. 16, SV, Fig. 17, RV with central raphe endings (arrow). Fig. 18, SV showing the digitate SV valvocopula. LM, scale bars: Figs 13–18: 10 µm.

FIGURES 26–29 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 26–29: Cocconeis pinnata from Tahiti Island (SEM). External views of the SV. Figs 26, 28, 29: details of the areolae from the margin of the valve, with complex arborescent volae and pearls-globular corpuscles in between. Fig. 27: detail of the axially elongated areolae in the mid-valve. SEM, scale bars: Fig. 27: 1 µm; Fig. 26: 0.7 µm; Figs 28, 29: 0.5 µm.

FIGURES 2–6 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 2–6: Fig. 2: Cocconeis pinnata var. artica Østrup (1910, pl. 13, fig. 13); Fig. 3a,b: C. pinnata illustrated by Grunow in Van Heurck (1880–1885, figs 6, 7); Fig. 4: C. pinnata Gregory ex Greville (Greville 1859, fig. 1); Fig. 5a,b,c,d,e: C. pinnata illustrated by Peragallo & Peragallo (1897–1908, pl. II, figs 11–14); Fig. 6a,b,c,d,e,f: C. pinnata illustrated by Schmidt (1877–1958, pl. 189, figs 1–5). LM, scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURE 1: Location of the Society Archipelago in the South Pacific and map of Tahiti Island showing the sampling site (north of 'Tombeau du Roi', 17° 31.405' S; 149° 31.106' W).

FIGURES 7–12 in Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens

FIGURES 7–12. Cocconeis pinnata from type slides (LM). On the cover slip of each slide, numbered diamond circled sectors localise specimens labelled on the slide margin. A rough benchmark gives now origin on each slide. Fig. 7, SV; Fig. 8, RV: from slide BM 4986, a specimen not circled by Greville, close to sector 6, coordinates 9 S, 19.5 E. Fig. 9, SV; Fig. 10, RV: Lectotype from slide BM 4986, circled specimen, sector 5, coordinates 4 S, 14.5 E. Fig. 11, SV; Fig. 12, RV: from slide BM 1467, circled specimen, sector 3, coordinates 2 S, 12.5 E. LM, scale bars: Figs 7–12: 10 µm.

FIGURES 2–11 in Cocconeis tortilis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 2–11: Cocconeis tortilis. LM (2–5), TEM (6–9) and SEM (10, 11), holotype and other specimens. Figs 2–5: Focused for raphid valves (RV) (Figs 2, 3) and araphid valves (ARV) (Figs 4, 5) of the same frustule. Figs 2, 4: Specimens from holotype slide. Figs 6–9: RV (Figs 6, 7) and ARV (Figs 8, 9). Fig. 10: C. tortilis (arrowheads), epiphytic on Codium intricatum. Fig. 11: C. tortilis, epiphytic on Asparagopsis taxiformis.

FIGURE 1 in Cocconeis tortilis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURE 1: Map of the 5 sampling sites in the North Pacific coast of Japan (arrows). Numbers (I–V) correspond to those in text.

FIGURES 29–35 in Cocconeis tortilis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 29–35: Cocconeis tortilis, SEM (29–31, 33–35) and LM (32), cingula. Fig. 29: Valvocopula (VC), and the second (S) and the third (T) bands of ARV. Fig. 30: Opposite pole. Arrows indicate the disorder of arrangement of striae. Figs 31, 33: Internal views of the poles of RV and ARV with valvocopula (VC), respectively. Arrows indicate the open parts of valvocopula. Fig. 32: Valvocopula of ARV. Arrow indicates the open part of valvocopula. Figs 34, 35: Open parts (arrows) of each band of ARV. Note that the sternum is inclined from the apical axis (dashed line).

FIGURES 22–28 in Cocconeis tortilis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 22–28: Cocconeis tortilis, SEM (22–26, 28) and TEM (27), araphid valves (ARV). Figs 22, 24, 26: External views. Figs 23, 25, 28: Internal views. Figs 22, 23: Whole valves. Figs 24, 25: Valves between the axial and marginal area. Figs 26, 27: Areolae occluded by the hymenes with perforations in a parallel array. Fig. 28: Loculate areolae occluding by hymenes (arrows) located near the outer surface.