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88 results for “Community: disturbance”
Data from: Interspecific variation in post-disturbance growth responses of a savanna tree community and its implications for escaping the fire trap
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Data from: Repeat disturbances have cumulative impacts on stream communities
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Data from: Functional responses of multi-taxa communities to disturbance and stress gradients in a restored floodplain
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Data from: Disturbance intensity is a stronger driver of biomass recovery than remaining tree-community attributes in a managed Amazonian forest
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Data from: Human disturbance increases functional but not structural variability of stream fungal communities
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Data from: Arboreality increases reptile community resistance to disturbance from livestock grazing
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Data from: Disturbance alters beta-diversity but not the relative importance of community assembly mechanisms
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Data from: Disturbed Amazonian forests support diminished breeding bird communities
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Data from: Trophic position determines functional and phylogenetic recovery after disturbance within a community
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Projected effects of climate change on boreal bird community accentuated by anthropogenic disturbances in western boreal forest, Canada
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Data from: Forest disturbance accelerates thermophilization of understory plant communities
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Climate warming threatens the persistence of a community of disturbance-adapted native annual plants
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Anthropogenic disturbance impacts ectomycorrhizal communities and abiotic soil properties: implications for an endemic forest disease
<p>In forest ecosystems, habitat fragmentation negatively impacts stand structure and biodiversity; the resulting fragmented patches of forest have distinct, disturbed edge habitats that experience different environmental conditions than the interiors of the fragments. In southwest Western Australia, there is a large-scale decline of the keystone tree species <i>Corymbia calophylla </i>following fragmentation and land use change. These changes have altered stand structure and increased their susceptibility to an endemic fungal pathogen, <i>Quambalaria coyrecup</i>, which causes chronic canker disease especially along disturbed forest habitats. However, the impacts of fragmentation on belowground processes in this system are not well understood. We examined the effects of fragmentation on abiotic soil properties and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities, and whether these belowground changes were drivers of disease incidence. We collected soil from 17 sites across the distribution range of <i>C. calophylla. </i>Soils were collected across a gradient from disturbed, diseased areas to undisturbed, disease-free areas. We analysed soil nutrients and grew <i>C</i>. <i>calophylla </i>plants as a bioassay host. Seedlings were harvested and roots collected after six months of growth. DNA was extracted from the roots, amplified using fungal specific primers and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Concentrations of key soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were much higher along the disturbed, diseased edges in comparison to undisturbed areas. Disturbance altered the community composition of ECM and AMF; however, only ECM communities had lower rarefied richness and diversity along the disturbed, diseased areas compared to undisturbed areas. Accounting for effects of disturbance, ECM diversity and leaf litter depth were highly correlated with increased disease incidence in <i>C. calophylla</i>. In the face of global change, increased virulence of an endemic pathogen has emerged in this Mediterranean-type forest.</p>
Data from: Plant host identity and soil macronutrients explain little variation in sapling endophyte community composition: is disturbance an alternative explanation?
1. Bacterial endophytes may be fairly host specific; nonetheless, an important subset of taxa may be shared among numerous host species forming a community-wide core microbiome. Moreover, other key factors, particularly the supply of limiting macronutrients and disturbances, may supersede the importance of host identity. 2. We tested the following four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: 1. The Host Identity Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among different host plant species. 2. The Core Microbiome Hypothesis: a subset of microbial taxa will be shared among all host plant species. 3. The Soil Resource Supply Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among habitats with experimentally elevated levels of macronutrients. 4. The Disturbance-Disruption Hypothesis: disturbances created by the periodic application of antibiotics structure bacterial endophyte communities. 3. We tested these hypotheses by characterizing endophytes using high-throughput sequencing among seedlings of five phylogenetically diverse tree species nested within a long-term, full factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium soil fertilization experiment. We artificially disturbed one of our focal species by applying antibiotics every 10-14 days for 29 months within the soil (N,P,K) fertilization experiment. 4. While we detected a significant effect of host identity and soil nutrient additions, together they explained little variation in endophyte community composition (< 10%). We found unequivocal evidence for a core microbiome shared by all species. Specifically, we found nine OTUs were present among 95% or more of all control saplings, representing a third of the total reads. These bacterial taxa belonged to the Actinobacteria. 5. In contrast, disturbance (antibiotics) explained more endophyte variation than all nutrient addition combinations combined and twice the variation explained by host identity for all five tree species. Synthesis: Our results challenge the idea that host identity is a primary filter shaping bacterial endophyte communities; this suggests that many of the same bacterial taxa occur inside plant hosts even if those host plants are phylogenetically diverse. Moreover, we documented a distinct core microbiome shared among our five focal tree species. Finally, we found that disturbance was an important driver of microbial community composition, which parallels the importance of disturbance in other areas of community ecology.
Data from: Alien and native plant establishment in grassland communities is more strongly affected by disturbance than above- and below-ground enemies
Understanding the factors that drive commonness and rarity of plant species and whether these factors differ for alien and native species are key questions in ecology. If a species is to become common in a community, incoming propagules must first be able to establish. The latter could be determined by competition with resident plants, the impacts of herbivores and soil biota, or a combination of these factors. We aimed to tease apart the roles that these factors play in determining establishment success in grassland communities of 10 alien and 10 native plant species that are either common or rare in Germany, and from four families. In a two-year multisite field experiment, we assessed the establishment success of seeds and seedlings separately, under all factorial combinations of low vs. high disturbance (mowing vs mowing and tilling of the upper soil layer), suppression or not of pathogens (biocide application) and, for seedlings only, reduction or not of herbivores (net-cages). Native species showed greater establishment success than alien species across all treatments, regardless of their commonness. Moreover, establishment success of all species was positively affected by disturbance. Aliens showed lower establishment success in undisturbed sites with biocide application. Release of the undisturbed resident community from pathogens by biocide application might explain this lower establishment success of aliens. These findings were consistent for establishment from either seeds or seedlings, although less significantly so for seedlings, suggesting a more important role of pathogens in very early stages of establishment after germination. Herbivore exclusion did play a limited role in seedling establishment success. Synthesis: In conclusion, we found that less disturbed grassland communities exhibited strong biotic resistance to establishment success of species, whether alien or native. However, we also found evidence that alien species may benefit weakly from soilborne enemy release, but that this advantage over native species is lost when the latter are also released by biocide application. Thus, disturbance was the major driver for plant species establishment success and effects of pathogens on alien plant establishment may only play a minor role.
Data from: Identifying 'vital attributes' for assessing disturbance-recovery potential of seafloor communities
<p>Soft-sediment macrofaunal community data used in "Identifying 'vital attributes' for assessing disturbance-recovery potential of seafloor communities" in <em>Ecology and Evolution</em>.</p> <p>Data is macrofauna community data from two soft-sediment disturbance recovery experiments conducted in the Tvärminne-Hanko Archipelago in the Baltic Sea, and Kawau Bay in New Zealand.</p>
Data for: Effects of biotic interactions on plant fecundity depend on spatial and functional structure of communities and time since disturbance
<p><span>Biotic interactions in plant communities affect individual fitness and community dynamics. Interactions between plants vary in space, over time and with organisational complexity. Yet it is challenging to quantify temporal, spatial and functional determinants of different types of interactions between long-lived perennial plant species and their effect on lifetime fecundity. We studied how plant-plant, pollinator- and seed predator-mediated interactions affect year-to-year variation in three fecundity components (cone production, seed set and seed survival) during post-fire recovery. Age-stratified data on the three fecundity components were collected in 19 even-aged communities comprising 20 serotinous <em>Protea </em>shrub species in the South African Fynbos. We analyse data on these fecundity components with neighbourhood models to infer the sign and strength of interactions throughout post-disturbance recovery, the neighbour plant traits that shape them and the spatial scale at which interactions take place. For each fecundity component, these models describe how neighbourhood effects change over time and with spatial distance between plants. For each focal plant, we then predicted neighbourhood effects on individual fecundity components and cumulative reproductive output at different post-fire stand ages. Competitive effects on cone production and seed set increased with post-fire stand age as biomass and floral resources for pollinators build up. In contrast, neighbourhood effects on seed survival were weak throughout post-disturbance recovery. Plant-plant interactions were shaped by neighbour traits related to resource acquisition, whereas animal-mediated interactions depended on neighbour traits related to resource availability for pollinators and seed predators. The spatial scale of the interactions increased from plant-plant over predator-mediated to pollinator-mediated interactions. The joint effect of these interactions on cumulative reproductive output caused the proportion of focal plants experiencing competition to increase with time since fire. We show that temporal changes in biotic interactions throughout post-disturbance recovery of perennial plant communities depend on functional traits and can be integrated to neighbourhood effects on lifetime fecundity. Studying the temporal, spatial and functional determinants of neighbourhood effects on lifetime fecundity is important for predicting not only individual plant fitness, but also population and community dynamics in changing environments. </span></p>
Data from: A meta-analysis of community response predictability to anthropogenic disturbances.
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Data for: Effects of biotic interactions on plant fecundity depend on spatial and functional structure of communities and time since disturbance
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Data from: Regional productivity mediates the effects of grazing disturbance on plant cover and patch-size distribution in arid and semi-arid communities
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.