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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Dynamics Of Mouse-Like Rodent Communities In Anthropogenically Disturbed Territories Of The Southeast Of Western Siberia (Kemerovo Region, Russia)

Fig. 1. The dynamics of similarity of small mammal populations in deforested zones compared to the initial population in taiga (using the Czekanowsky-SØrensen coefficient calculated for species' percentage in the community).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

3D models: the dynamics of the prehistoric communities located in the Mostiștea Valley and Danube Plain (between Oltenița and Călărași)

This dataset is part of a larger project on the dynamics of the prehistoric communities located in the Mostiștea Valley and Danube Plain (between Oltenița and Călărași), supervised by the ArchaeoSciences Division of the Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB)  and Kiel University (Germany), in partnership with HOGENT, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (Belgium), Museum of Bucharest, Museum of the Lower Danube Călărași, Museum of Gumelnița Civilization Oltenița, and "Vasile Pârvan" Institute of Archaeology (Romania), under the "Sultana School of Archaeology" initiative. Spatial data play a crucial role in archaeological research, and orthophotos, digital elevation models, and 3D models are frequently used for the mapping, documentation, and monitoring of archaeological sites. Thanks to the availability of compact and low-cost uncrewed airborne vehicles, the use of UAV-based photogrammetry is well matured in this field over the last two decades. More recently, compact airborne systems are also available that allow the recording of thermal data, multispectral data, and airborne laser scanning. For this project, various platforms and sensors are applied at the Chalcolithic archaeological sites in the Mostiștea Basin and Danube Valley (Southern Romania). By analyzing the performance of the systems and the resulting data, insight is given into the selection of the appropriate system for the right application. This analysis requires thorough knowledge of data acquisition and data processing as well. As both laser scanning and photogrammetry typically result in very large amounts of data, a special focus is also required on the storage and publication of the data. Hence, the objective of this project is to provide a full overview of various aspects of 3D data acquisition for UAV-based mapping. Based on the conclusions drawn in our related publications, it is stated that photogrammetry and laser scanning can result in data with similar geometrical properties when acquisition parameters are appropriately set. On the one hand, however, the used ALS-based system outperforms the photogrammetric platforms in terms of operational time and the area covered. On the other hand, conventional photogrammetry provides flexibility that might be required for very low-altitude flights, or emergency mapping. Furthermore, as the used ALS sensor only provides a geometrical representation of the topography, photogrammetric sensors are still required to obtain true color- or false color composites of the surface. Lastly, the variety of data, like pre- and post-rendered raster data, 3D models, and point clouds, requires the implementation of multiple methods for the online publication of data. Various client-side and server-side solutions are presented to make the data available for other researchers.

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Data from: Migratory singers dynamically overlap the signal space of a breeding warbler community

Migratory species inhabit many communities along their migratory routes. Across taxa, these species repeatedly move into and out of communities, interacting with each other and locally breeding species and competing for resources and niche space. However, their influence is rarely considered in analyses of ecological processes within the communities they temporarily occupy. Here, we explore the impact of migratory species on a breeding community using the framework of acoustic signal space, a limited resource in which sounds of species within communities co-exist. Migrating New World warblers (Parulidae, hereafter referred to as migrant species) often sing during refueling stops in areas and at times during which locally breeding warbler species (hereafter breeding species) are singing to establish territories and attract mates. We used eBird data to determine co-occurrence of 19 migrant and 11 breeding warbler species across spring migration in SW Michigan, generated a signal space from song recordings of these species, and examined patterns of signaling overlap experienced by breeding species as migrants moved through the community. Migrant species were present for two-thirds of the breeding season of local species, including periods when breeding species established territories and attracted mates. Signaling niche overlap experienced by individual breeding species was idiosyncratic and varied over time, yet niche overlap between migrant and breeding species occurred more commonly than between breeding species or between migrant species. Nevertheless, the proportion of niche overlap between migrant and breeding warblers was similar to overlap among breeding species. Our findings showed that singing by migrant species overlapped the signals of many breeding species, suggesting that migrants could have unexplored impacts on communication in breeding species, potentially affecting song detection and song evolution. Our study contributes to a growing body of research documenting impacts of migratory species on communities and ecosystems.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

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Data from: Individual energetics scale up to community coexistence: Movement, metabolism and biodiversity dynamics in fragmented landscapes

Unraveling the intricate mechanisms that govern community coexistence remains a daunting challenge, particularly amidst ongoing environmental change. To understand the response of individual animals to environmental change, physiology and individual metabolism are often studied. However, this perspective is currently largely lacking in community ecology. We argue that the integration of individual metabolism into community theory can offer new insights into coexistence. We present the first individual-based metabolic community model for a terrestrial mammal community to simulate energy dynamics and home range behavior in different environments. Using this model, we investigate how ecologically similar species coexist and maintain their energy balance under food competition. Only if individuals of different species are able to balance their incoming and outgoing energy over the long-term will they be able to coexist. After thoroughly testing and validating the model against real-world patterns such as of home range dynamics and field metabolic rates, we applied it as a case study to scenarios of habitat fragmentation - a widely discussed topic in biodiversity research. First, comparing single-species simulations with community simulations, we find that the effect of habitat fragmentation on populations is strongly context-dependent. While populations of species living alone in the landscape were mostly positively affected by fragmentation, the diversity of a community of species was highest under medium fragmentation scenarios. Under medium fragmentation, energy balance and reproductive investment were also most similar among species. We therefore suggest that similarity in energy balance among species promotes coexistence. We argue that energetics should be part of community ecology theory, as the relative energetic status and reproductive investment can reveal why and under what environmental conditions coexistence is likely to occur. As a result, landscapes can potentially be protected and designed to maximize coexistence. The metabolic community model presented here can be a promising tool to investigate other scenarios of environmental change or other species communities to further disentangle global change effects and preserve biodiversity.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest

Figure 1. Map of the RPPN Foz do Rio Aguapeí and location of the six studied areas in the RPPN Foz do Rio Aguapeí. Legend: (1) Lagoa São Gabriel; (2) Lagoa das Piranhas; (3) Lagoa dos Porcos; (4) Constructed wetland; (5) Aguapei river –; and (6) Lagoa da sede. Sources: CESP (2013) and Google Earth (2021).

Figure 2 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest

Figure 2. Cumulative curve of the 52 waterfowl bird species in the RPPN Foz do Rio Aguapeí showing stability from sample 27 to 31.

Figure 3 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest

Figure 3. NMDS (stress of 0.097) of the spatial distribution of the aquatic bird community recorded by the transect method in the lagoons of the RPPN Foz do Aguapeí, during the dry (rounded symbols) and rainy seasons (square symbols). Legend: LS = Lagoa da Sede; LSG = Lagoa São Gabriel; LP = Lagoa da Piranha and LPO = Lagoa dos Porcos.

Figure 4 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest

Figure 4. NMDS (stress of 0.001) of the spatial distribution of the aquatic bird community recorded by the transect method in the lotic environments of the RPPN Foz do Aguapeí, during the dry (rounded symbols) and rainy seasons (square symbols). Legend: AR = Aguapeí River and CW = Constructed wetland.

Fig. 7 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 7. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of hexapod families identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. (A) RDA revealed that the explained variance derived on the first (X) and second (Y) axes for the first 19 families in the two principal components (i.e., PC1 and PC2) were 0.773 and 0.227, respectively. Triplot revealed the association between hexapod compositions at the family level and monthly average temperature (MAT) and monthly cumulative precipitation (MCP). Families are indicated by red arrows, and climatic factors are indicated by blue arrows. Samples collected in spring (April), summer (June and August), fall (October), and winter (December and February) are indicated by red triangles, empty triangles, diamonds, and circles, respectively. The eigenvalues on the first and second axes were 0.262 and 0.194, respectively. The arrow lengths and directions correspond to the variance explained by the climatic factors. The directions of the arrows indicate whether the magnitude of the variance explained by the climatic factors increased. The perpendicular distances between the family and climatic variable axes (or arrows) in the plot reflect their correlations; the smaller the distance is, the stronger the correlation is. (B) Spearman's Pearson correlation coefficients between the individuals of 19 hexapod families and two climate factors. The values for each family are presented in a gradient of blue to red to represent the families' expected correlations with the climatic factors. The values in the blue bars indicate the explained variance by the climatic factors for each family. The first three capital letters of family name in panel B were used in place of the full name of each family.

Fig. 6 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 6. Spatial ordination of hexapod compositions—determined through principal component analysis—identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012. The dominant families with extremely low PC2 values (lower than -0.2) are listed (details provided in Table S4). The right and left areas present hexapods in the winter and summer groups, respectively.

Fig. 5 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 5. Transformed numbers (logN values) of adult (solid circle) and nymphal (empty circle) individuals belonging to the dominant family Cicadellidae identified in bimonthly surveys during 2009–2012.

Fig. 3 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 3. Variations of hexapod biodiversity indices in bimonthly surveys. Variations of Evenness (circle), Shannon (square), and Simpson (triangle) indices during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 4 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 4. Numbers of individuals and the biomass transformed on the basis of body length data collected in bimonthly survey during 2009–2012. The numbers of individuals (solid circles) and biomass (empty circles, mg) were transformed into logN values. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 2 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 2. Bimonthly dynamics of numbers of individuals in the dominant hexapod orders Collembola (square), Hemiptera (triangle), and Hymenoptera (circle) surveyed during 2009–2012. Temperature is indicated by gray bars.

Fig. 1 in Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Fig. 1. Percentage distribution of individuals belonging to hexapod families of the dominant orders of Hemiptera, Collembola, and Hymenoptera surveyed on Yushan bamboo during 2009–2012. Family names are listed beneath the axis. Families were presented in colors.

Fig. 4 in Parasite community dynamics in an invasive vole ‾ From focal introduction to wave front

Fig. 4. Statistical associations between ectoparasites and endoparasites infecting bank voles, Myodes glareolus. All associations are due to the presence of a coinfecting species, positive relationships are shown in black and negative relationships are in grey. The predicted absolute percentage change (see Methods for definition) of the dependent variable is given for each interaction. Parentheses identify whether the relationship is based on body mass (BM), host sex (S) or at the mid-point along the invasion wave (WM). Lice had a prevalence of less than 10% so were excluded from analyses.

Fig. 1 in Parasite community dynamics in an invasive vole ‾ From focal introduction to wave front

Fig. 1. Sampling sites of the invasive bank vole, Myodes glareolus, across the Republic of Ireland. Curraghchase and Adare are the focal point of introduction, Gort, Nenagh and Cashel are mid-wave, and Tuam, Birr and New Ross represent the invasion front. For all trapping sites along the invasion gradient (black = focal point of introduction, grey = mid-wave, and white = invasion front), bar charts depict the prevalence of each parasite and boxplots indicate the mean parasite abundance (log x +1), where boxes indicate the mean, and lines the 95% confidence intervals.

Fig. 3 in Parasite community dynamics in an invasive vole ‾ From focal introduction to wave front

Fig. 3. Parasite interactivity index from eight sampling sites at three points along an invasion gradient (black = focal point of introduction, grey = mid-wave, and white = invasion front) in the Republic of Ireland. Boxes represent upper and lower quartile, with median indicated, with bars representing maximum and minimum range.

Fig. 2 in Parasite community dynamics in an invasive vole ‾ From focal introduction to wave front

Fig. 2. Parasite abundance of the invasive bank vole, Myodes glareolus, from eight locations at three points along an invasion gradient (black = focal point of introduction, grey = mid-wave, and white = invasion front) in the Republic of Ireland. Boxes represent upper and lower quartile, with median indicated, with bars representing maximum and minimum range.