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Fig. 6 in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 6. Preserved lectotype of Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) from Florida, USA (MCZ HOL-509, 190 mm long). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view with original labels. Scale bar = 35 mm. Photos by G. Borrero.
Fig. 5 in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 5. Geographic distribution of species and subspecies of Isostichopus Deichmann, 1958. A. I. badionotus (Selenka, 1867) (gray circles), I. maculatus phoenius (Clark, 1922) (red squares) and I. maculatus maculatus (Greeff, 1882) (blue circles). B. I. fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) (green circles) and I. macroparentheses (Clark, 1922) (orange circles). Locations for I. badionotus and I. fuscus were constructed based on observation records in Global Biodiversity Information Facility data and from museum specimens. Locations forI. maculatus phoenius, I. maculatus maculatus andI. macroparentheses were constructed based only on confirmed localities of collected or preserved museum specimens.
Fig. 8 in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 8 (continued on next page). Color patterns and morphological variation of Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) (DNA sequences and detailed information of some specimens are indicated in Table 1, see Photo ID column for correspondence). A–U, I'. Specimens with "Chips" color pattern from Bocas del Toro, Panamá (A–I), Neguanje, Colombia (J–L), La Guajira, Colombia (M–Q); juveniles from Neguanje, Colombia (R–U). V–B'. Specimens with "Uniform" pattern from Bocas del Toro (Panama) (V–X), La Guajira, Colombia (Y), Curaçao (Z), Magdalena, Colombia (A'–B'). C'–K'. Specimens with "Reticulated" pattern from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C'–E'), Juvenile from Neguanje, Colombia (F'), Punta Betin, Magdalena, Colombia (G'–I'), La Guajira, Colombia (J'–K'). L'–O'. Specimens with "Black and yellow" pattern from Bocas del Toro, Panamá (L'), Magdalena, Colombia (M'–O'). Photos: A–I, Q, V–X, C'–E', L', O' by G. Borrero; R–U by G. Ospina; J–L by E. Acosta; M–P, Y, J'–K' by E. Ortiz; Z, M' by M. González-Wangüemert; G'–I' by J. Gómez; and A'–B', N' by S. Zea. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Fig. 3D in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 3D. Bayesian inference tree of mitochondrial 16S gene fragment. The numbers on the nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability / Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap %) / Neighbor Joining (bootstrap %). A hyphen (-) indicates that the node was not recovered by a particular method. Specimen ID and color pattern designation as in Fig. 3A. Specimens of I. badionotus (Selenka, 1867) with unknown color pattern are indicated in black color.
Fig. 3C in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 3C. Bayesian inference tree of mitochondrial COI-Fr2 gene fragment. The numbers on the nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability / Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap %) / Neighbor Joining (bootstrap %). A hyphen (-) indicates that the node was not recovered by a particular method. Specimen ID and color pattern designation as in Fig. 3A. Specimens of I. badionotus (Selenka, 1867) from Brazil with unknown color pattern are indicated in black color.
Fig. 3A in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 3A. Bayesian inference tree of concatenated sequences of the mitochondrial COI-Fr1 (Barcoding region), COI-Fr2 and 16S gene fragments. The numbers on the nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability / Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap %) / Neighbor Joining (bootstrap %). A hyphen (-) indicates that a node was absent in the tree estimated by a particular method. Individuals are indicated by the field number, which includes the initial letter of the locality and the color pattern when available (see Table 1, Fig. 1). Text color meaning: green = Isosostichopus maculatus maculatus (Greeff, 1882); blue = I. maculatus phoenius (Clark, 1922); pink = I. badionotus (Selenka, 1867) Chips (CH) pattern; purple = Uniform (U) pattern; red = reticulated (R) pattern; orange = Black and Yellow (BY) pattern. Sequences from GenBank are indicated with their accession number and species ID as included in GenBank (see Table 1). Outgroup species: Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) and Stichopus horrens Selenka, 1867.
Fig. 1 in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 1 (continued on next page). Color patterns of species and subspecies of Isostichopus Deichmann, 1958. A–J. Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867). A. Pink background and dark brown spots (Chips pattern – CH) (BT99, Panamá). B. Close-up of A, note large dark brown spots and small dots. C. Light brown background and darker ocellar spots (CH pattern) (INV TEJ1125-Ma10, Colombia). D. Close-up of C, note large ocellar spots and small black dots. E. Uniform black background (Uniform pattern – U) (BT59, Panamá). F. Beige background color with a reticulum of darker brown and yellow papillae (Reticulated pattern – R) (USNM 1659460-BT20, Panamá). G. Close-up of F, reticulated pattern in detail. H. Reticulated pattern with brown papillae (R pattern) (INV TEJ1167-SM4R, Colombia). I. Close-up of H, reticulated pattern in detail. J. Black background and yellow papillae (Black and yellow pattern-BY) (INV TEJ1176-SM13, Colombia). K–Y. Isostichopus maculatus phoenius (Clark, (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Neighbour-Joining (NJ). BI and ML were performed, using the GTR evolutionary model and NJ using K2P distances. BI was performed with MrBayes ver. 3.2.6 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003); the data set was run twice, using four Markov chains for ten million generations; trees were sampled every 500th generation, the first 2.5 million generations were discarded, and a 50% majority tree was obtained. ML analysis was performed in MEGA X (Kumar et al. 2018); support was assessed with 1000 bootstrap reiterations.
Fig. 2 in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 2 (see previous page). Ossicles of species and subspecies of Isostichopus Deichmann, 1958. A–H. Tables. A. Regular tables present in several parts of the body in the five species (1–2 = lateral view; 3 = top or dorsal view; 4 = ventral view). B. Large, regular tables, only present in I. maculatus maculatus (Greeff, 1882) (lateral view). C. Table with reduced disc, only present in the dorsal body wall of I. macroparentheses (Clark, 1922) adults (lateral view). D. Large tables with disc and spire modified, only present in the top of the dorsal papillae of I. maculatus maculatus – "modified maculatus tables" (lateral view, top view). E. Regular tables present in the ventral body wall and tube feet (top and lateral view). F. Tables with low and incomplete spires, present in the tentacles (top view). G. Tables with circular spire, several pillars, observed in the cloaca of I. fuscus (top and lateral view). H. Large tables with well-developed spires, several pillars forming a very dense and thick crown of spines, present in the mouth membrane and other internal organs (top and lateral view). I–T. Rods. I. Large thin C-shaped rods present in I. macroparentheses. J–K. Thin C, S-shaped rods present in the body wall, papillae and tube feet, and some internal organs. L. Thick C rods and worm-shaped rods present in the dorsal papillae of I. maculatus maculatus and I. maculatus phoenius (Clark, 1922). M. Simple rods present in several internal organs. N. Simple rods present in gonads. O. Simple rods present in the tentacles. P. Cross-shaped rods present in the intestine. Q. Branched rods present in several internal organs. R. Irregular plate-like branched rods present mostly in the anterior cloaca. S. Large, curved rods with quadrangular projections in the middle, present in the papillae. T. Large slightly or strongly curved rods with wide perforated expansions in the middle, present in the tube feet. U–X. Perforated plates. U. Perforated plates from papillae. V. Perforated plate from tube feet. W. End-plate. X. Tridimensional spheres only observed in the respiratory trees of I. macroparentheses. Photos by G. Borrero.
Fig. 3B in Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus Isostichopus
Fig. 3B. Bayesian inference tree of mitochondrial COI-Fr1 gene fragment. The numbers on the nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability / Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap %) / Neighbor Joining (bootstrap %). A hyphen (-) indicates that the node was not recovered by a particular method. Specimen ID and color pattern designation as in Fig. 3A. Specimens of I. badionotus (Selenka, 1867) with unknown color pattern are indicated in black color.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Review of the North American species of Marimatha Walker with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae) and the description of Pseudomarimatha flava (Noctuinae, Elaphriini), a new genus and species confused with Marimatha.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Review of the North American species of Marimatha Walker with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae) and the description of Pseudomarimatha flava (Noctuinae, Elaphriini), a new genus and species confused with Marimatha". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/4e1adc72-60c9-4846-af21-ed080ed81401">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4e1adc72-60c9-4846-af21-ed080ed81401</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4e1adc72-60c9-4846-af21-ed080ed81401">https://gbif.org/dataset/4e1adc72-60c9-4846-af21-ed080ed81401</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) alebion and G. (P.) tamerlanus Groups, with Notes on Taxonomic and Distribution Confusions (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) alebion and G. (P.) tamerlanus Groups, with Notes on Taxonomic and Distribution Confusions (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/5973e41e-4808-4a2f-a220-7afe5c899cff">https://bionomia.net/dataset/5973e41e-4808-4a2f-a220-7afe5c899cff</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/5973e41e-4808-4a2f-a220-7afe5c899cff">https://gbif.org/dataset/5973e41e-4808-4a2f-a220-7afe5c899cff</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Scrophularia longiflora Benth. and S. nana Stiefelh. (Scrophulariaceae), two distinct species from Iran, confused under the name S. farinosa Boiss..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Scrophularia longiflora Benth. and S. nana Stiefelh. (Scrophulariaceae), two distinct species from Iran, confused under the name S. farinosa Boiss.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d37b25f7-6746-4dee-9a0c-dc690e951707">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d37b25f7-6746-4dee-9a0c-dc690e951707</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d37b25f7-6746-4dee-9a0c-dc690e951707">https://gbif.org/dataset/d37b25f7-6746-4dee-9a0c-dc690e951707</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9182a649-923b-4a69-bac0-d41873ded32e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9182a649-923b-4a69-bac0-d41873ded32e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9182a649-923b-4a69-bac0-d41873ded32e">https://gbif.org/dataset/9182a649-923b-4a69-bac0-d41873ded32e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 5 in Correction of the misidentifications and confusion surrounding Ochodaeus grandiceps Fairmaire, 1897 (Coleoptera: Ochodaeidae), and the description of a new species of ochodaeid from Cuba
Figure 5. Distribution of Parochodaeus specimens from Cuba (circles) with the type locality of P. perdidus, n.sp., indicated in orange. Provincial abbreviations shown: CF = Cienfuegos, CM = Camagüey, GU = Guantánamo, and SC = Santiago de Cuba.
Figure 1 in Correction of the misidentifications and confusion surrounding Ochodaeus grandiceps Fairmaire, 1897 (Coleoptera: Ochodaeidae), and the description of a new species of ochodaeid from Cuba
Figure 1. Holotype of Ochodaeus grandiceps Fairmaire (MNHN), now Nothochodaeus grandiceps, with labels.
Figures 2–4. Parochodaeus perdidus, n in Correction of the misidentifications and confusion surrounding Ochodaeus grandiceps Fairmaire, 1897 (Coleoptera: Ochodaeidae), and the description of a new species of ochodaeid from Cuba
Figures 2–4. Parochodaeus perdidus, n.sp. 2) Dorsal habitus of holotype. 3) Holotype labels. 4) Oblique lateral view of holotype, showing the ventrally projected pollex of the right protibia in lateral view (arrow), and bituberculate clypeus.
FIGURE 12 in Wing Tracheation in Chrysopidae and Other Neuropterida (Insecta): A Resolution of the Confusion about Vein Fusion
FIGURE 12. Line drawings of forewings and hind wings of a thorny lacewing and a mantispid lacewing. A. Mucroberotha sp. (Rhachiberothidae). B. Plega sp. (Mantispidae). See figure 2 for explanation of abbreviations.
FIGURE 13 in Wing Tracheation in Chrysopidae and Other Neuropterida (Insecta): A Resolution of the Confusion about Vein Fusion
FIGURE 13. Microphotograph and line drawing of the wing base of Plega sp. (Mantispidae), showing the basal fusion of R and M, ventral view.
FIGURE 9 in Wing Tracheation in Chrysopidae and Other Neuropterida (Insecta): A Resolution of the Confusion about Vein Fusion
FIGURE 9. Line drawings of forewing and hind wing of Oedosmylus sp. (Osmylidae). See figure 2 for explanation of abbreviations.
FIGURE 6 in Wing Tracheation in Chrysopidae and Other Neuropterida (Insecta): A Resolution of the Confusion about Vein Fusion
FIGURE 6. Line drawings of forewings and hind wings of an antlion and owlfly. A. Acheron trux (Walker) (Ascalaphidae). B. Undetermined species of Dendroleontini (Myrmeleontidae). See figure 2 for explanation of abbreviations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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