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121 results for “Decomposers”
Decreased ultraviolet radiation and decomposer biodiversity inhibit litter decomposition under continuous nitrogen inputs
<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has altered biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. As a key process involved in carbon and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, litter decomposition is sensitive to external N inputs. However, it remains unclear how the interactions of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and invertebrates) and conventional drivers (e.g., litter chemistry and microbial activities) regulate the responses of litter decomposition to continuous N inputs.</p> <p>Based on an N-addition experimental platform, we conducted a two-year litter decomposition experiment to examine the relative importance of N-induced changes in biotic and abiotic factors in mediating changes in the decomposition rates of four litter types (three representative species and their mixture) along an experimental N gradient in a Tibetan alpine steppe.</p> <p>Our results showed that litter decomposition rates exhibited a consistent decrease in response to N enrichment among all species and their mixture. The slowed decomposition rates with increasing N addition were associated with N-induced reductions in UV radiation and soil bacterial diversity. An additional UV radiation manipulative experiment further confirmed that photodegradation had strong effects on plant litter decomposition at our study site.</p> <p>These results demonstrated that N-induced declines in UV radiation and soil bacterial diversity inhibited litter decomposition, challenging the traditional view that changes in litter chemistry and microbial activities determine the responses of litter decomposition to external N inputs.</p>
Ant body size mediates functional performance and species interactions in carrion decomposer communities
<p>Growing concern over rapid species declines and extinctions has led to considerable interest in the role of biodiversity for maintaining ecological processes. However, the loss of particular species has more pronounced effects on ecosystem services than others, highlighting the importance of key functional species traits and their relationships to ecosystem functioning. Human induced disturbances, such as species invasions, land use changes or abiotic changes, appear to disproportionally impact larger species rather than smaller ones. The loss of large-bodied species in the community diminishes key ecosystem services like seed dispersal, pest control, pollination and decomposition.</p> <p>Here we use carrion, a nutrient-rich ephemeral resource, to test the hypotheses that ants positively affect decomposition rates and that their role in the necrophilous community – as predator or decomposer – is mediated by body size. We further investigate the relative contribution of maggots vs. ants to biomass decomposition.</p> <p>Our results show that ants contributed positively to the decomposition process. Moreover, decomposition was shaped by an intricate interplay between competition and predation among the guild of decomposer insects. As predicted, larger ants show a double action in increasing decomposition rate and predating on maggots, while small ants are rather inefficient decomposers and did not act as predators on other decomposer species.</p> <p>Our study shows that differentiating key taxonomic groups in function of their body size is key to untangle the diversity and directions of the various roles they play within complex ecological processes.</p>
Decomposing cover crops modify root-associated microbiome composition and disease tolerance of cash crop seedlings
<p>The assembly of root-associated microbes during the seedling stage has strong impact on subsequent performance of crops. Major factors influencing this assembly are crop species identity and composition of potential root-colonizing microbes in the bulk soil. The latter can be modified by soil management, such as organic amendments. The incorporation of residues of cover crops before the start of the growing season of cash crops presents an interesting option for steering of root-associated seedling microbiomes as there is a wide range of cover crops species with different properties available for farmers.</p> <p>In a greenhouse study, we examined the effect of soil amendments with milled shoot and root materials of seven cover crop species (niger seed, phacelia, rapeseed, radish, vetch, black oat and buckwheat) on the soil nitrogen and biomass of seedlings of four cash crop species (asparagus, carrot, onion and sugar beet) and their root-associated bacteria and fungi. Field-grown cover crops material used for the study was collected at two time points (before and after winter) which had strong impact on plant elemental composition. Since the soil used for the study was a mixture of sandy arable soils with a history of soil-borne fungal diseases (Fusarium and Rhizoctonia), we also examined whether decomposing cover crop residues had an influence on the severity of damping-off diseases.</p> <p>Within the context of a strong selection of root-associated microbes by cash crop species, we found significant modifying effects by cover crop materials. High-quality residues (with low C/N ratio) caused profound shifts within root-associated Proteobacteria and increases in relative abundance of certain microbial groups such as Bacillaceae and Mortierellomycetes. These changes coincided with differences in establishment and survival of cash crop seedlings. This indicates that fine-tuning of cover crops amendments for different cash crops is required to realize enhanced functioning of root microbiomes.</p>
Supplementary Material for "Decomposing Process Performance based on Actor Behavior"
<p>====================================================================================<br><strong>Supplementary Material for "Decomposing Process Performance based on Actor Behavior"</strong><br>====================================================================================</p> <p>The results of the approach applied to the BPIC17 event log and an R script to <br>produce the figures of the paper.</p> <p>Files:<br>- actor_behavior_all_instances_per_edge/* The raw data files (.pkl)<br>- output_BPIC17_performance_decomposed_forR.csv Precomputed means<br>- performance_decomposed_paper.R Script to produce figures</p> <p>The R script requires a recent R (>4.1) and the following packages:<br>readr, dplyr, reticulate, ggplot2, purrr, xtable<br>It also requires a working Python distribution with reticulate:<br>https://rstudio.github.io/reticulate/index.html</p>
The proper way to spatially decompose the gravitational-wave origin in stellar collapse simulations
<p>This data release contains a jupyter notebook and data that are necessary to reproduce all the figures in the corresponding paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.09729. The readme file explain the nature of the files. You can contact the author for futher information.</p>
Results of the study "Untangling the Waves: Decomposing Extreme Sea Levels in a non-tidal basin, the Baltic Sea"
<p>This archive stores the data of the study "Untangling the Waves: Decomposing Extreme Sea Levels in a non-tidal basin, the Baltic Sea" submitted to the journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences.</p>
Plant community legacy effects on nutrient cycling, fungal decomposer communities and decomposition in a temperate grassland
<p>Soil legacies mediated by plant species-specific microbial communities are major drivers of plant community dynamics. Most soil legacy studies focus on the role of pathogens and mutualists in driving these processes, while much less is known about plant litter-mediated changes to the soil microbial community. Here, we used an existing plant-soil feedback field experiment in which plant communities with different growth strategies (i.e., fast versus slow) and different proportions of functional groups (grasses versus forbs) were allowed to condition the soil over contrasting temporal scales (i.e., one versus two years) in a natural grassland. In the feedback phase, we removed the existent plant community, and replaced it with a standardized response plant community. We then tested the legacy effects of these different soil conditioning treatments on decomposition processes, nutrient cycling and soil decomposer community composition. Soil legacy effects on decomposition and the soil decomposer community composition were most evident right after the start of the feedback phase, but disappeared soon after the new community established. The soil conditioning time and years since disturbance affected most of the soil functions consistently, while no strong effects of plant functional group and plant growth strategy were found. We conclude that after disturbance, it is recovery time, not soil legacy effects, that is the most important factor driving soil functions.</p>
Experimental evidence that leaf litter decomposability and flammability are decoupled across gymnosperm species
<p><span>1. Biological decomposition and wildfire are two predominant and alternative processes that can mineralize organic C in forest litter. Currently, the relationships between decomposition and fire are still poorly understood.</span></p> <p><span>2. We provide an empirical test of the hypothesized decoupling of surface litter bed decomposability and flammability, and the underlying traits and trait spectra.</span></p> <p><span>3. We employed a 41-species set of gymnosperms of very broad evolutionary and geographic spread, because of the wide range of (absent to frequent) fire regimes they are associated with.</span></p> <p><span>4. We found that the interspecific pattern of mass loss proportions in a "common garden" decomposition experiment was not correlated with any of the flammability parameters and an RDA analysis also showed that the decomposability and flammability of leaf litter were decoupled across species. This decoupling originates from the former depending mostly on SSS traits and the latter on PES traits and those trait spectra being virtually uncorrelated.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis. Our results show that, indeed, leaf litter decomposability and flammability parameters are decoupled across species, and this decoupling can be explained by their different drivers in terms of trait spectra: chemical traits for decomposability and size-shape traits for flammability.</span></p>
GNN-powered Approach to Decompose Monoliths to Microservices: A Case Study on Third Party Benchmark
<p>This table shows the original classes in the ftgo-microservice application and the decomposition predicted by the approach using an autoencoder with K-means (AE-K). The common classes are highlighted in green.</p>
GNN-powered Approach to Decompose Monoliths to Microservices: A Case Study on Third Party Benchmark
<p>This table shows the original classes in the ftgo-microservice application and the decomposition predicted by the approach using an autoencoder with C-means (AE-C). The common classes are highlighted in green.</p>
GNN-powered Approach to Decompose Monoliths to Microservices: A Case Study on Third Party Benchmark
<p>The results describe the similarity between the ftgo-microservice application and the decomposition predicted by three AI models.</p>
Data from: Warming-induced functional shifts in the decomposer community interact with plant community compositional shifts to impact litter decomposition
<ol> <li>Climate warming is altering plant and soil microbial communities, with important implications for ecosystem processes like litter decomposition. As warming alters plant community composition, quality of litter will change. Further, shifts in microbial community activity and/or composition will alter microbial function. However, it is not yet completely understood how these shifts will interact to drive decomposition.</li> <li>We explored how changes in plant and microbial communities interact to influence litter decomposition using a 15-year-old grassland warming experiment. Previous studies within this system have shown that warming shifted the microbial community in ways that accelerate litter decomposition while simultaneously shifting the plant community in ways that may slow decomposition. Specifically, warming increased abundance of <em>Sorghastrum</em> <em>nutans</em>, while decreasing abundance of the previously dominant <em>Schizachyrium</em> <em>scoparium</em>. Using a series of lab-based microcosm experiments, we examined the rate at which eight common grasses and, separately, varying abundances of <em>S. nutans </em>and<em> S. scoparium </em>decomposed. Using litter and soil from the warming experiment, we then incubated soils from warmed or control plots with different abundances of <em>S. nutans </em>and<em> S. scoparium</em> in a reciprocal design.</li> <li>We found <em>S. nutans</em> to be the slowest-decomposing grass in our system. Further, decomposition slowed as <em>S. nutans</em> increased and <em>S. scoparium</em> decreased. When examining the interaction of plant and microbial communities, decomposition was generally greater early in our experiment as the relative abundance of <em>S. scoparium </em>increased. However, soil microbial community origin and litter composition interacted significantly. Specifically, decomposition increased with greater relative abundance of <em>S. scoparium</em> on soils derived from control plots, while litter composition did not shape rates of decomposition on soils from warmed plots. The influence of litter species on decomposition waned in the later stages of the experiment when decomposition was driven by microbial community origin.</li> <li>These results suggest that warming-induced changes in microbial community function may interact with changes in plant litter composition to mitigate the impacts of warming on rates of decomposition. This emphasizes the importance of considering concurrent warming-induced changes in both plant and microbial communities on ecosystem processes like decomposition.</li> </ol>
Decomposing Duration Dependence in a Stopping Time Model
<p>This package contains codes and data sets needed to reproduce results in Alvarez, Borovickova, Shimer: Decomposing Duration Dependence in a Stopping Time Model, accepted for publication in the Review of Economic Studies. Detailed description of the files are in "readme.pdf" file which is part of the replication package.</p>
Data for: Decomposability of leaf and wood litter are not correlated across species: Effects of litter traits on decomposition in field and laboratory conditions
<ol> <li>Changes in tree species composition have important effects on the overall rate of litter decomposition at a community level because litter decomposability varies among species and between leaf and wood litter. To understand how changes in tree species composition affect litter dynamics and carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level, it is important to clarify interspecific variations in leaf and wood litter decomposability and the traits driving the variation.</li> <li>Using field data, field experiments, and laboratory experiments, we explored rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition and their relationships to traits of ten deciduous hardwood species in a temperate forest in Japan. Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition at the community level were also estimated by considering species-specific litter inputs and decomposition rates.</li> <li>Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition were not correlated under either field or controlled laboratory conditions. This is probably because the traits that affect decomposition rate differ between leaf and wood litter. Interspecific variation in litter decomposability of leaves and wood was generally consistent between field conditions and laboratory experiments using a single fungus, suggesting that the decomposing fungi set the species-specific decomposition rates. Moreover, the leaf and wood traits that affected decomposition by their specific fungi were different. The aboveground input of wood litter was less than half that of leaf litter, but its half-life was >3 times longer, suggesting that wood and leaves make similar contributions to litter accumulation.</li> <li>Focusing on either leaf or wood litter alone may produce misleading estimates of how species composition changes affect litter dynamics at the community level. Our results provide insight into predicting the response of carbon dynamics to future climate change.</li> </ol>
Decomposing cover crops modify root-associated microbiome composition and disease tolerance of cash crop seedlings
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Data from: The potential for mass ratio and trait divergence effects to explain idiosyncratic impacts of nonnative invasive plants on carbon mineralization of decomposing leaf litter
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Data from: Are Cecropia trees ecosystem engineers? The effect of decomposing Cecropia leaves on arthropod communities
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Data from: Recovery of decomposition rates and decomposer invertebrates during rainforest restoration on disused pasture
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Data from: Wood-inhabiting insects can function as targeted vectors for decomposer fungi
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Data from: The spatial scaling of saprotrophic fungal beta diversity in decomposing leaves
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