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122 results for “Dominance Effects”
Data from: Individual, population, and ecosystem effects of hypoxia on a dominant benthic bivalve in Chesapeake Bay
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Data from: The effect of conspecific density, herbivory, and bamboo on seedling dynamics of a dominant oak in a neotropical highland forest
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Data from: Herbivory may mediate the effects of nutrients on the dominance of alien plants
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Data from: Warming enhances sedimentation and decomposition of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems with zero net effect on carbon burial
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Data from: Phenology differences between native and novel exotic-dominated grasslands rival the effects of climate change
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Data from: Long-term and interactive effects of different mammalian consumers on growth, survival and recruitment of dominant tree species
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Competitive effects of a dominant palm on sapling performance in a Neotropical rainforest
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Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland plant via multiple indirect effects
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Data for: Effects of fire on ground-dwelling arthropods in a shrub-dominated grassland
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Data for: Comparing the effect of landscape context on vascular plant and bryophyte communities in a human-dominated landscape
<p><b>Aims:</b> It is important to understand the effect of landscape context on biological communities to predict how biodiversity will be affected on human-dominated landscapes. While many studies have tested the effects of landscape context on the species richness and composition of vascular plants, few have compared the responses of vascular plants and bryophytes on the same landscape. We sampled non-epiphytic bryophytes and vascular plants in 184 plots to test whether three landscape context factors measured four years or four decades previously could predict bryophyte or vascular plant species richness and composition after accounting for local factors.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Temperate forests and oak savannahs, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We used model selection and comparisons to test the effects of<b> </b>surrounding road density, total amount of forest, and distance to the nearest forest edge on species richness, species richness of non-disturbance-associated species, and community composition after controlling for important local predictors including substrate availability and topography.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The species richness of non-disturbance-associated vascular plants was lower in plots with greater surrounding historical road density, and perennial stayer bryophyte richness declined with increasing historical road density and lower historical forest amount, suggesting a potential extinction debt. Landscape context significantly affected total species richness and community composition of vascular plants, but not bryophytes.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> While bryophytes appear to be less sensitive overall to landscape context than vascular plants, disturbance-intolerant perennial stayer bryophytes may decline in the future in response to the increased road density and loss of forest cover that has occurred over the past four decades.</p>
Data from: Dominance and the initiation of group feeding events: the modifying effect of sociality
Individuals can differ in how much they benefit from being in a group depending on characteristics such as their dominance rank or their behaviour. Understanding which categories of individuals influence the decisions of a group could help understand which individuals are benefiting the most. We examine these ideas in wild flocks of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), which feature stable group membership and linear dominance hierarchies. We attempt to infer which individuals are influencing group movement by examining how individuals initiate and join foraging events in relation to their dominance rank, exploratory personality type and position within a social network. We find that the influence of dominance on these behaviours heavily depends on the social connections an individual has, and that the effect of exploratory personality was small. Dominant individuals with a high eigenvector centrality were more likely to initiate a foraging event, while among individuals with a low eigenvector centrality this relationship was reversed, with subordinates being slightly more likely to initiate a foraging event. Analysis also suggested that individuals with a large number of strong social connections would be less affected by dominance than less social individuals. This suggests a system where individuals might adopt different foraging strategies depending on their position within a social network, and highlights the importance of individuals' social phenotype when studying group decision making.
Data from: Incorporating anthropogenic effects into trophic ecology: predator-prey interactions in a human-dominated landscape
Apex predators perform important functions that regulate ecosystems worldwide. However, little is known about how ecosystem regulation by predators is influenced by human activities. In particular, how important are top-down effects of predators relative to direct and indirect human-mediated bottom-up and top-down processes? Combining data on species' occurrence from camera traps and hunting records, we aimed to quantify the relative effects of top-down and bottom-up processes in shaping predator and prey distributions in a human-dominated landscape in Transylvania, Romania. By global standards this system is diverse, including apex predators (brown bear and wolf), mesopredators (red fox) and large herbivores (roe and red deer). Humans and free-ranging dogs represent additional predators in the system. Using structural equation modelling, we found that apex predators suppress lower trophic levels, especially herbivores. However, direct and indirect top-down effects of humans affected the ecosystem more strongly, influencing species at all trophic levels. Our study highlights the need to explicitly embed humans and their influences within trophic cascade theory. This will greatly expand our understanding of species interactions in human-modified landscapes, which compose the majority of the Earth's terrestrial surface.
Data from: Indirect genetic effects and the genetic bases of social dominance: evidence from cattle
Genetic studies of social behaviour have currently received new impetus from models including indirect genetic effects (IGEs) of social partners. This study aimed at investigating the contribution of conspecifics in social dominance, considered as response of dyadic interaction that is, winning (dominant individual) or losing (subordinate). A genetic correlation of −1 is expected between the attitude to win and the attitude to loose, and because a population always accounts for half winners and half losers, the heritability of the dominant status should be close to zero. Specifically, social dominance was studied in Aosta Chestnut and Aosta Black Pied (Bos taurus) breeds, alpine rustic cattle famous for traditional tournaments where pairs of cows assess dominant status in bloodless fights. The outcomes of 25 590 dyadic interactions performed by 8159 individuals in 11 years were analysed by applying a classical quantitative model and models including indirect effects. Data were analysed via Bayesian approach on a threshold trait. The assessment of variances revealed a genetic correlation of −0.976 between direct and indirect genetic components. The heritability measured on a liability scale was 0.122 for direct phenotype, but decreased to 0.014 when the total heritable variance (TBV) was considered. The trend of estimated breeding values showed that the total TBV was constant over the years, even though its direct component increased and the indirect part decreased. This result confirms the relevance of IGEs on social behaviour and the assumption that the mean individual social dominance cannot evolve within a population, due to the evolutionary constraints imposed by the 'social environment'.
Figure 4 in Organic farming and moderate tillage change the dominance and spatial structure of soil Collembola communities but have little effects on bulk abundance and species richness
Figure 4. Spatial random effects explaining abundance, number of species and Berger-Parker index in samples in different management types. Grayscale palette shows scales (meters, 25cm-plots, 7-cm plots). Barplots show Tau parameter of the (spatial) random effects; mixed-effects models were run in each management type separately.
Figure 1 in Organic farming and moderate tillage change the dominance and spatial structure of soil Collembola communities but have little effects on bulk abundance and species richness
Figure 1. Location of the fields studied with different treatments: ODISK (Organic farming and Disking - C and D circles), OTILL (Organic farming and Tillage - A and Bsquares), and CONV (Conventional farming - E and F triangles). Coordinates of locations: A: N 54.482 E 34.928, B: N 54.496 E 34.933, C: N 54.543 E 34.880, D: N 54.555 E 34.996, E: N 54.585 E 35.0187, F: N 54.570 E 34.974. The altitude was from 175 to 234 m above sea level depending on the field.
Figure 2 in Organic farming and moderate tillage change the dominance and spatial structure of soil Collembola communities but have little effects on bulk abundance and species richness
Figure 2. Spatially nested hierarchical sampling design. In total, 486 samples were collected from 6 fields across 3 management types.
Data from: Direct effects dominate responses to climate perturbations in grassland plant communities
Theory predicts that strong indirect effects of environmental change will impact communities when niche differences between competitors are small and variation in the direct effects experienced by competitors is large, but empirical tests are lacking. Here we estimate negative frequency dependence, a proxy for niche differences, and quantify the direct and indirect effects of climate change on each species. Consistent with theory, in four of five communities indirect effects are strongest for species showing weak negative frequency dependence. Indirect effects are also stronger in communities where there is greater variation in direct effects. Overall responses to climate perturbations are driven primarily by direct effects, suggesting that single species models may be adequate for forecasting the impacts of climate change in these communities.
Data from: Evolution of a dominant natural isolate of Escherichia coli in the human gut over the course of a year suggests a neutral evolution with reduced effective population size
In vitro and in vivo evolution experiments on Escherichia coli revealed several principles of bacterial adaptation. However, few data are available in the literature describing the behavior of E. coli in its natural environment. We attempted here to study the evolution in the human gut of a commensal dominant E. coli clone ED1a belonging to B2 phylogroup, through a longitudinal genomic study. We sequenced 24 isolates sampled at three different time points within a healthy individual over almost a year. We computed amutation rate of 6.90x10-7 per base per year of the chromosome for E. coli ED1a in healthy human gut. We observed a very limited genomic diversity, and could not detect any evidence of selection contrary to what is observed in experimental evolution over similar length of time. We therefore suggest that ED1a being well adapted to the healthy human gut evolves mostly neutrally with a low effective population size (Ne ≈ 500 – 1700).
A Study to Determine the Effects of NPSP795 on the Calcium-sensing Receptor in Subjects With Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia as Measured by PTH Levels and Blood Calcium Concentrations
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02204579. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data for: Comparing the effect of landscape context on vascular plant and bryophyte communities in a human-dominated landscape
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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