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382 results for “Dune”
Multiple chromosomal inversions contribute to adaptive divergence of a dune sunflower ecotype
<p>Both models and case studies suggest that chromosomal inversions can facilitate adaptation and speciation in the presence of gene flow by suppressing recombination between locally adapted alleles. Until recently, however, it has been laborious and time-consuming to identify and genotype inversions in natural populations. Here we apply RAD sequencing data and newly developed population genomic approaches to identify putative inversions that differentiate a sand dune ecotype of the prairie sunflower (<em>Helianthus petiolaris</em>) from populations found on the adjacent sand sheet. We detected seven large genomic regions that exhibit a different population structure than the rest of the genome and that vary in frequency between dune and non-dune populations. These regions also show high linkage disequilibrium and high heterozygosity between, but not within arrangements, consistent with the behavior of large inversions, an inference subsequently validated in part by comparative genetic mapping. Genome-environment association analyses show that key environmental variables, including vegetation cover and soil nitrogen, are significantly associated with inversions. The inversions co-locate with previously described "islands of differentiation," and appear to play an important role in adaptive divergence and incipient speciation within <em>H. petiolaris</em>.</p>
A novel hybrid beachgrass is invading U.S. Pacific Northwest dunes with potential ecosystem consequences
<p>Invasive plants formed via hybridization, especially those that modify the structure and function of their ecosystems, are of particular concern given the potential for hybrid vigor. In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, two invasive, dune-building beachgrasses, <em>Ammophila arenaria</em> (European beachgrass) and <em>A. breviligulata</em> (American beachgrass) have hybridized and formed a new beachgrass taxa (<em>Ammophila arenaria</em> × <em>A. breviligulata</em>) but little is known about its distribution, spread, and ecological consequences. Here we report on surveys of the hybrid beachgrass conducted across a 250-km range from Moclips, Washington to Pacific City, Oregon in 2021 and 2022. We detected nearly 300 hybrid individuals, or an average of 8–14 hybrid individuals per km of surveyed foredune. The hybrid was more common at sites within southern Washington and northern Oregon where <em>A. breviligulata</em> is abundant (75–90% cover) and <em>A. arenaria</em> is sparse and patchy. The hybrid displayed morphological traits such as shoot density and height that typically exceeded its parent species suggesting hybrid vigor. We measured an average growth rate of 30% over one year, with individuals growing faster at the leading edge of the foredune, nearest the beach. We also found a positive relationship between hybrid abundance and that of <em>A. arenaria</em>, suggesting that <em>A. arenaria</em> density may be a controlling factor for hybridization rate. The hybrid showed similar sand deposition and associated plant species richness patterns compared to its parent species, although longer-term studies are needed. Finally, we found hybrid individuals within and near conservation habitat of two Endangered Species Act-listed, threatened bird species, the western snowy plover (<em>Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus</em>) and the streaked horned lark (<em>Eremophila alpestris strigata</em>), a concern for conservation management. Documenting this emerging hybrid beachgrass provides insights into how hybridization affects the spread of novel species and the consequences for communities in which they invade.</p>
DEM for "The lithified aeolian dune field adjacent to the Apollinaris Sulci, Mars: Geological history and paleo-wind record"
<p>This repository contains the digital elevation model and digitally rectified graphic used in the publication titled "The lithified aeolian dune field adjacent to the Apollinaris Sulci, Mars: Geological history and paleo-wind record" by Hunt, Day, Edgett, and Chojnacki, submitted to Icarus after revision in October 2021. </p> <p>The repository contains two TIFF files, one each for the DEM and DRG, and projection and world files for each. For questions or more information contact daym@epss.ucla.edu </p>
Barchan Dunes: Geomorphometric Data
<p><strong>Purpose of the Dataset</strong></p> <p> These data were gathered as the foundation for a geomorphometric study of barchan dunes. The intent is for the data to be used in bulk (for the law of large numbers) because of randomly distributed measurement errors (see error analysis section in the BarchanDataDescription.docx file). Data for individual dunes should be used with caution. More details are provided in the BarchanDataDescription.docx file.</p> <p><strong>Dataset heading</strong></p> <p>For the BarchanDunes-GeomorphometricData.xlsx file, Column A, name and/or country of dune field; Column B, sample (dune) number (ED and MD refer to Earth dune and Mars dune); W<sub>1</sub> and W<sub>2</sub> are body width and horn-to-horn width; L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are body length and total length; H<sub>1</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> are the horn lengths; and latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees. Negative values for latitude and longitude represent coordinates in the southern or western hemispheres, respectfully.</p>
Above and belowground plant traits of dominant dune grasses from Duck, Outer Banks, USA
<p>We examined above and belowground traits among four prominent dune grasses of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America: <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i>, <i>Panicum amarum</i>, <i>Spartina patens</i>, and <i>Uniola paniculata</i>. Whole plant samples of each species were collected from the foredune at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, USA and quantified for several above and belowground traits (e.g., stem height, rhizome number and length, root surface area by diameter class, root tensile strength, mycorrhizal percent infection).</p>
Data for Quantification and classification of grainflow morphology on natural dunes
<p><strong>Overview:</strong></p> <p>The attached file, “GrainflowMorphologyCharacteristics.xlsx”, includes the grainflow morphometric attributes used in the article “Quantification and classification of grainflow morphology on natural dunes” by Zhang, Pei; Sherman, Douglas J.; Pelletier, Jon D.; Ellis, Jean T.; Farrell, Eugene J.; Li, Bailiang, published in <em>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</em>.</p> <p><strong>Key to variables (unit):</strong></p> <p>Date: date of data collection at Jericoacoara, Brazil.</p> <p>Dunes: “S” indicates samples from the smaller dune (21.3 m high), and “L” indicates samples from the larger dune (54.5 m high). Details of the metrics may be found in the associated publication (https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5348).</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\bar{l_{g}}\)</span> (m): average length</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\bar{w_{g}}\)</span> (m): average width</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(r_{t}\)</span> : rectangularity</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(TRI\)</span>: triangularity</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(e_{g}\)</span>: elongation</p> <p>Type: classified types</p>
The distribution and impact of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) on a dune building engineer (Calamagrostis arenaria)
<p>These data sets are used to run the analyses in the paper '<em>The distribution and impact of an invasive plant species (</em>Senecio inaequidens<em>) on a dune building engineer (</em>Calamagrostis arenaria<em>)</em>' by Van De Walle et al., 2022, Neobiota (in progress).</p> <p>The presence/absence data (PA) of <em>Senecio inaequidens</em> in European coastal dunes can be found in 'Senecio_PA.xlsx', in the tab 'senecio_PA', together with the country and location where the occurrences were mapped. All coordinates of the samples are available in the tab 'coordinates samples'.</p> <p>'Marram_growth_experiment.xlsx' contains the data gathered during the growth experiment. The origin of the sand is subdivided in 3 columns: 'Location' represents the location along the Belgian coast where sand was gathered, 'senecio' represents whether sand was gathered from underneath a senecio plant or not and 'biota' represents whether biota could affect marram grass growth (biota = 0 thus means that the sand was sterilized).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Disturbance is thought to enhance the probability of invasive species establishment, a prerequisite for naturalization. Coastal dunes are characterized by disturbance in the form of sand dynamics. We studied the effect of this disturbance on the establishment and spread of an invasive plant species (<em>Senecio inaequidens</em>) in European coastal dunes. Local sand dynamics dictate the spatial configuration of marram grass (<em>Calamagrostis arenaria</em>). Therefore, marram grass configuration was used as a reliable proxy for disturbance. As marram grass plays a crucial role in natural dune formation, we evaluated the possible effects <em>S. inaequidens</em> could have on this process, if it would be able to naturalize in European coastal dunes.</p> <p> We expected the highest probability of <em>S. inaequidens </em>establishment at intermediate marram grass cover because too low cover would increase sand burial, whereas high cover would increase competition. However, our results indicate that <em>S. inaequidens</em> is quite capable of handling higher levels of sand burial. Thus, probability of <em>S. inaequidens</em> establishment was high under low marram cover but slightly lowered when marram cover was high, hinting at the importance of competition.</p> <p>We expected a negative impact of <em>Senecio</em>-altered soils on marram grass growth mediated by soil biota. However, marram grass grew better in sand gathered underneath <em>Senecio</em> plants due to abiotic soil modifications. This enhanced growth may be caused by <em>Senecio</em> leaf litter elevating nutrient concentrations in an otherwise nutrient-poor substrate. If such increased plant growth is a general phenomenon, further expansion of <em>S. inaequidens</em> could accelerate natural succession in European coastal dunes.</p>
Daubigny's 'The Dunes at Camiers"
Photogrammetry scan of Daubigny's 'The Dunes at Camiers,' 1871, in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art. More information about the painting here: http://collections.artsmia.org/art/3531/the-dunes-at-camiers-charles-francois-daubigny Made with about 60 80-megapixel photos, built in PhotoScan. This is a low-res version of the object; contact permissions@artsmia.org for a higher-resolution file. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data Accompanying "Leveraging successional facilitation to improve restoration of foundational dune grasses along a frequently disturbed coastline"
<div> <h1>Experimental Data accompanying "Leveraging successional facilitation to improve restoration of foundational dune grasses along a frequently disturbed coastline"</h1> Authors: Hallie Fischman, Copeland Cromwell, Joe Morton, Ralph Temmink, Tjisse van der Heide, Pete Adams, Christine Angelini <h1>Manuscript Abstract</h1> <a href="https://github.com/halliefischman1/Dune-Succession/blob/main/README.md#manuscript-abstract"></a></div> <p>Coastal ecosystems provide critical storm and flood protection services, but are rapidly degrading worldwide, making their restoration urgent. Here, we evaluated whether successional facilitation, where pioneers facilitate climax species, could be leveraged to accelerate coastal dune revegetation. A survey spanning 270km of Southeast US coastline revealed that Panicum amarum (bitter panicum) supported higher plant richness than Uniola paniculata (sea oats), and that sea oat cover was 230% greater on mature dunes than disturbed dunes, suggesting bitter panicum functions as a pioneer and sea oats is a climax species. A reciprocal transplant experiment confirmed this interpretation: bitter panicum stem production and height fell by 37% and >20 cm, respectively, when planted proximate to sea oats versus in isolation, whereas sea oats produced 38% more and >12 cm taller stems when planted proximate to bitter panicum versus in isolation. A second experiment evaluating the density-dependence of this facilitative interaction revealed that sea oats transplanted into low densities of bitter panicum grew >15% taller than isolated and high-density treatments. However, within seven months, wave inundation eliminated >60% propagules in both experiments. To explore foredune inundation frequency and its implications for dune revegetation, we applied empirical wave runup models at 101 locations throughout Volusia County, Florida. While disturbance frequency varied seasonally and annually, sites with low dune crests and steep beach slopes experienced frequent inundation (>50 events/year). Given the interactions between geomorphology and vegetation success, we present decision matrix to guide managers in determining optimal revegetation methods tailored to project goals and site conditions.</p> <div> <h1>Methods and Data Description</h1> <a href="https://github.com/halliefischman1/Dune-Succession/blob/main/README.md#methods-and-data-description"></a></div> <p>Experiment 1: Uniola paniculata (sea oats) and panicum amarum (bitter panicum) were planted in one of three treatments. Controls are in bare areas, Adjacent treatments (adj) are planted 50cm away from naturally occuring patches of the other species (ie, SO-adj-NPA is sea oats planted adjacent to natural bitter panicum), and Within treatments are planted in a naturally occuring patch of the other species (ie, SO-in-NPA is sea oats planted into a patch of natural bitter panicum). Each replicate consisted of 5 transplant propagules in an X configuration. At each monitoring, all stems were counted and the maximum height of each plot was measured. Plot treatments were reassigned during monitoring, if needed, such that any plot with the heterospecific growing within the 0.25 m2 area was considered a “within plot” and any plot with the heterospecific <50 cm away was considered an “adjacent plot”. See maunscript for additional details.</p> <p>Experiment 2: Sea oats were planted in the same configuration (5 propagules in an X) surrounded by varrying densities of natural bitter panicum. At each monitoring, we counted all bitter panicum stems within a 1m radius of the transplant, all propogule stems, and measured the height of the tallest transplant in each plot. Treatments were binned based on the number of surrounding bitter panicum stems at the final monitoring point: “Zero”, containing no stems within the 1 m radius (n=20 plots); “Low”, 1-9 stems in the surrounding 1 m radius (n=46 plots); “Mid” 10-34 stems in the 1 m radius (n=29 plots); and “High”, 35-70 stems in the 1m radius (n=25 plots). See manuscript for additional details.</p> <p>Datasets contains stem counts and heights of planted grasses over time. Stem counts are provided for each of the 5 propagules that comprise a single experimental unit, and a single maximum height is provided per plot. Plots were monitored approximately bimonthly until grasses were eroded by waves (see manuscript). Additional information on treatments are provided in the manuscript and data methods sections.</p>
Figure 2 in Structural and diversity changes in coastal dunes from the Mexican Caribbean: the case of the invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Figure 2. Height patterns of the coastal dune vegetation in the sampling plots.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA
FIGURE 2. High resolution image of UUIC 1873. Scale bar equals 10 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA
FIGURE 3. Map of tracks and trackways on UUIC 1873. Scale bar equals 10 cm.
DUNE: Dust depletion UNified method across cosmic time and Environments
<p>Table 1 and appendices B-C from the paper "DUNE: Dust depletion UNified method across cosmic time and<br>Environments".</p>
Image 4 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 4. Citrullus colocynthes
Image 6 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 6. Gisekia pharnaceoides
Image 3 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 3. Bulbostylis barbata
Image 8 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 8. Pedalium murex
Figure 1 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Figure 1. Study area
Image 1 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 1. Sand dune in Manapadu Village
Population bottleneck associated with but likely preceded the recent evolution of self-fertilization in a coastal dune plant
<p>Evolution of self-fertilization may be initiated by a historical population bottleneck, which should diagnostically reduce lineage-wide genetic variation. However, selfing can also strongly reduce genetic variation after it evolves. Distinguishing process from pattern is less problematic if mating system divergence is recent and geographically simple. Dramatically reduced diversity is associated with the transition from outcrossing to selfing in the Pacific coastal endemic Abronia umbellata that includes large-flowered, self-incompatible populations (var. umbellata) south of San Francisco Bay and small-flowered, autogamous populations (var. breviflora) to the north. Compared to umbellata, synonymous nucleotide diversity across 10 single-copy nuclear genes was reduced by 94% within individual populations and 90% across the whole selfing breviflora lineage, which contained no unique polymorphisms. The geographic pattern of genetic variation is consistent with a single origin of selfing that occurred recently (7–28 kya). These results are best explained by a historical bottleneck, but the two most northerly umbellata populations also contained little variation and clustered with selfing populations, suggesting that substantial diversity loss preceded the origin of selfing. A bottleneck may have set the stage for the eventual evolution of selfing by purging genetic load that prevents the spread of selfing.</p>
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