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Fig. 7 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 7. Early Devonian bryozoan Podoliapora doroshivi gen. et sp. nov., from the Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. SEM photographs of zooids coated by micro−fibrils of host shell microstructure. A. ZPAL Br XIV/008. Basal view of partly preserved autozooid, cylindrical−heterozooid and "stolons" (A1). Lateral view of proximal part of autozooid showing partly preserved main tunnel−like stolon (A2). B. ZPAL Br XIV/009. Lateral view of side wall of autozooid (B1). Partly preserved autozooid with accessory tubules and internal view showing cuticle layer preserved inside the zooid and external coated layer with imprint of host shell microstructure (B2). Obliquely internal view of autozooid (vestibular part not preserved) showing cuticle with folds of longitudinal parietal muscles preserved (B3). Internal view of autozooid showing folds of circular and longitudinal muscles (B4).

Fig. 4 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 4. Early Devonian bryozoan Podoliapora doroshivi gen. et sp. nov., from the Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. SEM photographs showing phosphatized soft−tissue preserved inside autozooids. ZPAL Br XIV/009. A. Internal view (A1) showing wrinkling frontal (arrow) and lateral cystid walls, setigerous collar twisted within the vestibulum, entrance of the main stolon into the autozood is preserved below the vestibulum, secondary−order "stolons" partly preserved in both sides of the autozooid, oblique lateral view (A2) showing accessory tubules and imprints of the host shell microstructure preserved on the surface of the coating layer. B. Internal view of autozooid (B1) and close−up showing longitudinal parietal muscles and irregular shape of autozooids occurring in dense colonies (B2). C. Internal view showing setigerous collar twisted within vestibulum.

Fig. 2 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 2. Early Devonian bryozoan Podoliapora doroshivi gen. et sp. nov., from the Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. A. Lateral view of a single autozooid showing external morphological features, ZPAL Br XIV/102. B. Reconstruction in transverse section. C. Reconstruction in longitudinal section.

Fig. 1 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 1. Location map of the studied section, Lower Devonian, middle Lochkovian, Chortkiv Formation in Doroshiv, Podolia Ukraine. A. Map of Ukraine showing location of the study area; rectangle indicates general locality, enlarged in B and C. B. Distribution of the Silurian and Devonian deposits in Podolia, SW Ukraine; 1, Eastern extent of the Silurian deposits; 2, Eastern extent of the Devonian deposits; 3, Eastern extent of the Old Red Sandstone−type deposits; 4, Trans European Suture Zone. C. Location of the Doroshiv outcrop in the vicinity of Dniestr valley. Modified from Małkowski et al. (2009).

Fig. 10 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 10. SEM photographs of phosphatized endolithic community of bryozoans and "fungi" (morphotype B) from the Early Devonian of Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. ZPAL Br XIV/154. A. Fragmentary preserved colony in basal view. B. Oblique view showing filaments with perpendicular branches. C. Close−up of branching filaments. D–F. Side views of bryozoan autozooid perforated by endolithic "fungal" hyphae.

Fig. 3 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 3. Early Devonian bryozoan Podoliapora doroshivi gen. et sp. nov., from the Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. Stereo−pairs of phosphatized colonies in basal view; frontal parts of the colonies and orifices are not visible as they opened onto the surface of the host shell. A–C. Internal views of partly preserved zooids with basal walls collapsed, soft−tissue preserved inside autozooids, and orifices visible at the distal ends of autozooids. A. ZPAL Br XIV/008. B. ZPAL Br XIV/009. C. ZPAL Br XIV/015. D–F. Basal views of the colonies with zooid completely preserved. D. ZPAL Br XIV/002. E. ZPAL Br XIV/155. F. ZPAL Br XIV/157.

Fig. 6 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 6. Early Devonian bryozoan Podoliapora doroshivi gen. et sp. nov., from the Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. SEM photographs showing imprints of the molluscan host shell microstructures preserved on the surface of the coating layer (internal mould of the interstitial space). A. Basal part of the autozooid specimen, ZPAL Br XIV/155. B. Oblique lateral view showing the coating layer with host shell microstructure preserved; the external surface of cuticle is visible only in places where the coating layer have been damaged; arrow shows poorly visible micro−pore on the surface of cuticle, ZPAL Br XIV/002. H

Fig. 6. Echinocystitid echinoid Rhenechinus hopstaetteri Dehm, 1953, BSPG.1955 I 585 in Morphology and ecological setting of the basal echinoid genus Rhenechinus from the early Devonian of Spain and Germany

Fig. 6. Echinocystitid echinoid Rhenechinus hopstaetteri Dehm, 1953, BSPG.1955 I 585 (holotype), Hunsrück Slate, Lower Emsian, Lower Devonian; Gemünden, Rhineland−Palatinate, Germany. A. General view. B. Detail of ambulacral plating. C. Detail of oral region. Abbreviations: ps, peristomial membrane; t, tooth; 1, 2a, b, 3a–c, first three rows of interambulacral plates.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and ecological setting of the basal echinoid genus Rhenechinus from the early Devonian of Spain and Germany

Fig. 1. Map showing the geographical position and geological setting of the Aguión Formation and the echinoid bearing horizon (arrowed symbol), modified from García−Alcalde (1992).

Fig. 7. Echinocystitid echinoid Rhenechinus hopstaetteri Dehm, 1953 in Morphology and ecological setting of the basal echinoid genus Rhenechinus from the early Devonian of Spain and Germany

Fig. 7. Echinocystitid echinoid Rhenechinus hopstaetteri Dehm, 1953, DBM.HS 285, Hunsrück Slate, Lower Emsian, Lower Devonian; EschenbachBocksberg mine, Bundenbach, Rhineland−Palatinate, Germany. A. General view. B. Detail of adoral plating showing pedicellariae and spines. C. Detail of adoral ambulacral plating. Abbreviations: amb, ambulacral zone; ap, apical disc region; p, pedicellaria; ps, pedicellarial stalk element; pst, peristome.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and ecological setting of the basal echinoid genus Rhenechinus from the early Devonian of Spain and Germany

Fig. 3. Echinocystitid echinoid Rhenechinus ibericus (Hauser and Landeta, 2007). Aguión Formation, Emsian, Lower Devonian, Arnao, Asturias, NW Spain. A. UO DGO−23001 showing adoral plating and elements of the lantern. B. UO DGO−23000 showing partially articulated plating of the upper surface. Abbreviations: H, hemipyramid; t, tooth; 1, 2a, b, 3a–c, first three rows of interambulacral plates.

Fig. 1. A in Early Devonian scolecodonts from Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 1. A. General location of the study area. B. Locations of the sampled sections (triangles). Numbers of the sections after Nikiforova et al. (1972); in parenthesis numbers used by Drygant and Szaniawski (2012).

Fig. 7 in Early Devonian scolecodonts from Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of selected elements of paulinitid scolecodonts and undetermined anterior elements from Lower Devonian of Podolia: Ivanye Horizon, section 58 (D, O), section 73 (M, N, K), section 76 (A–C, E, G–J, L); Chortkiv Horizon, section 70 (F). A–D. "Kettnerites"? spp. A, B. Left mandibles in dorsal view. A. ZPAL Sc.8/8.19, sample S.IZ.13. B. ZPAL Sc.8/11.14, sample S.Za.2. C, D. Right mandibles in dorsal view. C. ZPAL Sc.8/7.1, sample S.IZ.16. D. ZPAL Sc.8/10.6, sample S.Za.12. E. Family uncertain, gen. et sp. indet. A, ZPAL Sc.8/7.9, sample S.IZ.16, in lateral view. F. Family uncertain, gen. et sp. indet. B, ZPAL Sc.8/4.22, sample S.Zo.4, in lateral view. G. Family uncertain, gen. et sp. indet. C, ZPAL Sc.8/7.18, sample S.IZ.18, in lateral view. H, M–O. "Kettnerites" spp. left MIII. H. ZPAL Sc.8/11.5, sample S.I.Z.18, in dorsal (H 1) and left lateral (H 2) views. M. ZPAL Sc.8/6.6, sample S.Do.6, in right lateral (M 1) and dorsal (M 2) views. N. ZPAL Sc.8/6.7, sample S.Do.6, in left lateral (N 1) and dorsal (N 2) views. O. ZPAL Sc.8/11.13, sample S.Za.12, in left lateral (O 1) and dorsal (O 2) views. I–L. "Kettnerites"? spp. left and right MIV. I. ZPAL Sc.8/7.13, sample S.IZ.18, right element in ventral lateral view. J. ZPAL Sc.8/8.22, sample S.I.Z.13, right element in ventral lateral view. K. ZPAL Sc.8/6.15, sample S.Do.2, left element in dorsal lateral view. L. ZPAL Sc, 8/8.8, sample S.IZ.6, left element in ventral lateral view.

Fig. 4 in Early Devonian scolecodonts from Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 4. SEM micrographs of mochtyellid scolecodonts from Podolia. A–C. Mochtyella sp. A, lower part of the Borshchiv Horizon, section 48, Lower Lochkovian, sample S.Kh.1. A. ZPAL Sc.8/2.1, right MI in dorsal (A 1), left lateral (A 2), and right lateral (A 3) views. B. ZPAL Sc.8/2.2, incomplete right MI in dorsal view. C. ZPAL Sc.8/2.3, incomplete left MI in dorsal view. D. Mochtyella? sp., anterior tooth; lower part of the Borshchiv Horizon, section 48, Lower Lochkovian, sample S.Kh.1, ZPAL Sc.8/2.21. E, F. Mochtyellidae gen. et sp. indet., undetermined elements MI, upper part of the Ivanye Horizon, section 76, Pragian. E. ZPAL Sc.8/11.5, sample S.IZ.13, incomplete right MI in left lateral view. F. ZPAL Sc.8/8.18, sample S.IZ.13, left MI in right lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Early Devonian scolecodonts from Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of polychaetaspid scolecodonts from Lower Lochkovian of Podolia, lower part of Borshchiv Horizon, section 48, sample S.Kh.1. A–G. Polychaetaspis kozlowskii sp. nov. A. ZPAL Sc.8/2.6, holotype, right MI in dorsal view. B. ZPAL Sc.8/2.15, right MI in dorsal view. C. ZPAL Sc.8/2.14, incomplete right MI in dorsal (C 1) and ventral (C 2) views. D. ZPAL Sc.8/2.5, basal plate in dorsal (D 1) and right lateral (D 2) views. E. ZPAL Sc8/2.17, left MI in dorsal (E 1) and left lateral (E 2) views. F. ZPAL Sc.8/2.13, left MI in dorsal (F 1) and oblique ventral (F 2) views. G. ZPAL Sc.8/2.4, left MI in dorsal (G 1) and oblique left lateral (G 2) views. H. Polychaetaspis? sp., ZPAL Sc.8/2.20, left MIII? in dorsal (H 1) and right lateral (H 2) views. I–L. Polychaetaspis? spp. anterior plates (MIV). I. ZPAL Sc8/2.1, right MIV in dorsal (I 1) and dorsal lateral (I 2) views. J, K. Right MIV in ventral lateral view. J. ZPAL Sc8/2.12. K. ZPAL Sc.8/2.11. L. ZPAL Sc8/2.24, left MIV in ventral lateral view.

Fig. 3 in Early Devonian scolecodonts from Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 3. Internal structure preserved on the weathered surface of the right MI of "Kettnerites" sp., ZPAL Sc.8/14.5, sample S.IZ.4 from Ivanye Horizon, Lower Pragian, Podolia.

Fig. 5 in Colour patterns in Early Devonian cephalopods from the Barrandian Area: Taphonomy and taxonomy

Fig. 5. Ptenoceras? sp. Praha−Braník, Pragian, Praha Formation, DvorceProkop Limestone. Specimen NM−L 7644, juvenile shell with preserved colour pattern (A, B) and schematic outlines of colour pattern (C, D), lateral (A) and ventral (B) views.

Fig. 3 in Colour patterns in Early Devonian cephalopods from the Barrandian Area: Taphonomy and taxonomy

Fig. 3. Colour patterns in Devonian cephalopods Ptenoceras. A. Ptenoceras nudum (Barrande, 1865). Praha−Hlubočepy, Dalejan, Daleje−Třebotov Formation, Třebotov Limestone. Specimen NM−L 40727 in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views, showing colour bands—zigzags on ventral side of the whorl and a trace of colour band ventrolaterally (indicated by arrow). B. Ptenoceras alatum (Barrande, 1865). Koněprusy, Pragian, Praha Formation, Koněprusy Limestone. Specimen NM−L 40726, in lateral (B1) and frontal (B2) views, exhibiting bifurcating colour bands oblique to axis of the shell.

Fig. 1 in Colour patterns in Early Devonian cephalopods from the Barrandian Area: Taphonomy and taxonomy

Fig. 1. Adapertural part of orthoceratoid body chamber with preserved colour pattern; counterpart, specimen NM−L 38470. Koněprusy, Klonk section, Lower Devonian, Lochkovian, Lochkov Formation, Monograptus uniformis Zone, probably interbed 20/21 (see Chlupáč et al. 1972). A. Photograph. B. Schematic drawing.

Fig. 6 in Colour patterns in Early Devonian cephalopods from the Barrandian Area: Taphonomy and taxonomy

Fig. 6. False colour pattern in Pseudorutoceras bolli Barrande, 1866. NM−L 449 from Praha−Hlubočepy, Dalejan, Daleje−Třebotov Formation, Třebotov Limestone. A. A part of the body chamber with original Barrande's inscription noticing "test", aperture up. B. The same specimen in opposite orientation, artificially abraded adapical part with wavy dark lines; ventrolateral view.