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FIG. 14 in A new fossil rorqual (Mammalia, Cetacea, Balaenopteridae) from the Early Pliocene of the North Sea, with a review of the rorqual species described by Owen and Van Beneden

FIG. 14. — Description of measurements of the cranium of Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n. sp.: A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view; C, ventral view. The numbers correpond to and illustrate the measurements in Appendix 3.

FIG. 6. — Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n in A new fossil rorqual (Mammalia, Cetacea, Balaenopteridae) from the Early Pliocene of the North Sea, with a review of the rorqual species described by Owen and Van Beneden

FIG. 6. — Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n. sp., paratype NHG 22347-a, b: A, ventral view, line drawing; B, ventral view, photograph; C, left lateral view, line drawing. Abbreviations: see p. 333, 334. Scale bars: A, B, 10 cm; C, 5 cm.

FIG. 13 in A new fossil rorqual (Mammalia, Cetacea, Balaenopteridae) from the Early Pliocene of the North Sea, with a review of the rorqual species described by Owen and Van Beneden

FIG. 13. — Phylogenetic relationship of Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n. sp., most parsimonious tree. Tree length: 326 steps; consistency index (CI): 0.6963; retention index: 0.8361; homoplasy index: 0.3037; rescaled CI: 0.5822.

FIG. 9. — Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n in A new fossil rorqual (Mammalia, Cetacea, Balaenopteridae) from the Early Pliocene of the North Sea, with a review of the rorqual species described by Owen and Van Beneden

FIG. 9. — Diunatans luctoretemergo n. gen., n sp., holotype NHG 22279-n, left tympanic: A, posterior view, photograph; B, dorsal view, photograph; C, posterior view, line drawing; D, lateral view, line drawing; E, dorsal view, line drawing; F, medial view, line drawing; G, anterior view, line drawing. Abbreviations: see p. 333, 334. Scale bars: 5 cm.

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Text-fig. 1. Location of Ivanovce Pliocene primate site in Slovakia within the wider area of the Carpathians-Pannonian Basin (white circle). The northern wall of the former limestone quarry at Ivanovce near Trenčín in western Slovakia. Several karst fillings provided a rich early Pliocene vertebrate assemblage. a: schematic sketch of the site showing the location of different karst fillings, b: photo of the same site during the palaeontological research in 1960s. in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 1. Location of Ivanovce Pliocene primate site in Slovakia within the wider area of the Carpathians-Pannonian Basin (white circle). The northern wall of the former limestone quarry at Ivanovce near Trenčín in western Slovakia. Several karst fillings provided a rich early Pliocene vertebrate assemblage. a: schematic sketch of the site showing the location of different karst fillings, b: photo of the same site during the palaeontological research in 1960s.

FIG. 11 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 11. — Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d'en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter.

FIG. 13 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 13. — Dihoplus schleiermacheri (Kaup, 1832) from Alcoy: A, right p3 (Alc 24), occlusal view; B, left p4 (Alc 25), occlusal view; C, D, right m1 (Alc 26); C, occlusal view; D, lingual view; E, F, left m1 (Alc 27); E, occlusal view; F, lingual view; G, H, right m3 (Alc 28); G, lingual view; H, occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 2 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 2. — Bivariate plot of the P4 of Agriotherium insigne (Gervais, 1859) from Alcoy (cast MNHN), A. insigne from Montpellier (Gervais 1859b), A. roblesi Morales & Aguirre, 1976 from Venta del Moro (MGUV), A. palaeoindicum (Lydekker, 1884) and A. sivalense (Falconer & Cautley, 1836), A. intermedium Qiu & Schmidt-Kittler, 1983 and A. africanum Hendey, 1972. Abbreviations: DAP, anteroposterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter.

FIG. 8 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 8. — Bovidae from Alcoy: A-K, Alephis boodon (Gervais, 1852); A, B, right P2 (MAA); A, labial view; B, occlusal view; C, D, left M3 (M-2101); C, labial view; D, occlusal view; E, F, right m3 (MAA); E, occlusal view; F, lingual view; G, right m2 (MAA), labial view; H, I, second phalanx (M-693); H, dorsal view; I, lateral view; J, distal fragment of metacarpal (M-698), dorsal view; K, left astragalus (M-2430), dorsal view; L, Tragoportax sp., left astragalus (M-2435), dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 5 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 5. — Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth of Sus Linnaeus, 1758 and Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925: S. arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from Alcoy (MCNV, MNHN); S. arvernensis from Perpignan (UCBL, NMB) and Villafranca de Asti (NMB); P. palaeochoerus (Kaup, 1833) from Eppelsheim (HLD), Wissberg (HLD, NMM), Gau Weinheim (BSPHGM), Esselborn (HLD), Castell de Barberá (IPS), Can Ponsic (IPS), Montréjau (NMB, UCBL), Hennersdorf (NMW), Wienerberg (NMW), Belvedere (NMW), VÖsendorf (IPUW, NMW) and Magersdorf (IPUW); isolated specimens from Eppelsheim, Wissberg, Esselborn, VÖsendorf and Montréjau are included, but for the rest of localities, only those specimens from tooth rows with premolars are included; P. provincialis (Gervais, 1859) from Venta del Moro (MNCN), Arenas del Rey (IPS), Montpellier (UCBL, NMB, LPUM), Roussillon (cast NMB) and Casino (AFS); Propotamochoerus sp. of MN11-13 from Maramena (studied in Mainz), Samos (NMW) and Baccinello V3 (NMB). Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter; DTa, transverse diameter of the anterior or first lobe.

FIG. 1 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 1. — Diagram of the eastern sector of the Betic Chain with the location of the Alcoy-Mina site. Figures modified from Rodríguez Estrella (1977), Pierson d'Autrey (1987) and Santisteban et al. (1997).

FIG. 7 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 7. — Bivariate plots of the upper incisors of Sus Linnaeus, 1758 and Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925: S. arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from Alcoy (MCNV), Perpignan (NMB) and Villafranca (NMB); Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus (Kaup, 1833) from Wissberg (NMM), Castell de Barberà (IPS), Hostalets (IPS), Montréjau (NMB) and Mariatal (IPUW); Propotamochoerus provincialis (Gervais, 1859) from Venta del Moro (MNCN) and Casino (AFS); Propotamochoerus sp. of MN11-13 from Maramena (studied in Mainz), Samos (NMW) and Baccinello V3 (NMB); recent Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 from Spain (MNCN, UCM), the Netherlands (ZMA, NNML), Germany (ZMA, HUJ) and Israel (HUJ). Abbreviations: DLL, labio-lingual diameter; DMD, mesio-distal diameter.

FIG. 10 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 10. — Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy: A, right P2 (MAA), reversed section; B, right M1-2 (MAA), reversed section; C, left p3-4 (MAA); D, right m1-m3 (MNHN). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 6 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 6. — Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth of Sus Linnaeus, 1758 and Propotamochoerus Pilgrim, 1925: S. arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from Alcoy (MCNV, MNHN, MNCN, MAA); S. arvernensis from Gorafe IV (IPS), Perpignan (UCBL, NMB, MNCM), Roussillon (casts in NMB), Villafranca de Asti (NMB), Trévoux (UCBL), Bra (DSTUST) and Piedrabuena (studied in MNCN); P. palaeochoerus (Kaup, 1833) from Eppelsheim (HLD), Wissberg (HLD, NMM), Gau Weinheim (BSPHGM), Esselborn (HLD), Castell de Barberà (IPS), Drôme (MGL), Münchener Flinz (BSPHGM), Isarbet (cast NMB), Pyrha (cast MNHN), VÖsendorf (IPUW) and Wienerberg (NMW); isolated specimens from Eppelsheim, Wissberg, VÖsendorf and Montréjau are included, but for the rest of localities only those specimens from tooth rows with premolars or from skull fragments are included; P. provincialis (Gervais, 1859) from Venta del Moro (MNCN), Montpellier (UCBL, NMB, Montpellier) and Casino (AFS, IGF); Propotamochoerus sp. of MN11-13 from Maramena (studied in Mainz), Samos (NMW), and Baccinello V3 (NMB). Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter; DTa, transverse diameter of the anterior or first lobe.

FIG. 12 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 12. — Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d'en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter.

FIG. 3 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 3. — Ursus boeckhi Schlosser, 1899 from Alcoy: A, right M1 (Alc 20); B, fragment of left jaw with m1-m2 (Alc 21). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 14 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 14. — Anancus arvernensis (Croizet & Jobert, 1828) from Alcoy, left m3 (332M), occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 9 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 9. — Alephis boodon (Gervais, 1852) from Alcoy: A, B, second phalanx (M-693); A, dorsal view; B, proximal view; C, D, left metacarpal (Alc 9); C, proximal view; D, transversal section. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 4 in Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy

FIG. 4. — Sus arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from Alcoy: A, B, left m2 (MNHN); A, occlusal view; B, lingual view; C-E, right p4 (MNHN); C, occlusal view; D, lingual view; E, labial view; F-H, right P2 (MNHN); F, occlusal view; G, lingual view; H, labial view; I, right M3 (MNHN), occlusal view; J, right M2 (MNHN), occlusal view; K, left M2 (MNHN), occlusal view; L, left M3 (MNHN), occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 33 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 33. — Tympanics of Piscobalaena sp. (MCZ 17885) referred to?Mesocetus species indet. by Kellogg (reproduced from Kellogg 1944); A-C, left tympanic; A, dorsal view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D-F, right tympanic; D, ventral view; E, medial view; F, posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm.