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FIGURES 36-46 in Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy

FIGURES 36-46. Mature larva of L. alzonai (36, 37, 42-44), L. freyi (38, 39, 45) and L. pacei (40, 41, 45, 46, 46A, 46B). 36-41, epipharynx and microstructure (37, 39, 41); 42-46, right (42, 44-46) and left (43) mandible with distal portion (43, 44, 46B) and region of seta L1 (46A). Abbreviations: Acp—anterior cuticular processes, Bc—buccal cavity, Ch—channels, L1, L2—code of mandibular setae, Mt—median tooth, Pcp—posterior cuticular processes, Ph—pharynx, Pmt—paramedian tooth, Ps1—peg seta, Sm—sensillum.

FIGURES 1-9. Mature larva, habitus. 1, 4, 7 in Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy

FIGURES 1-9. Mature larva, habitus. 1, 4, 7, Lathrobium alzonai; 2, 5, 8, L. L. freyi; 3, 6, 9, L. pacei.

FIGURES 24-35 in Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy

FIGURES 24-35. Mature larva of L. alzonai (24, 25 30, 31), L. freyi (26, 27, 32, 33) and L. pacei (28, 29, 34, 35). 24-29, left antenna (24, 26, 28) and apical section (25, 27, 29) in dorsal aspect; 30-35, anterior margin of nasale (30, 32, 34) and region of median and paramedian teeth (31, 33, 35) in dorsal aspect; Abbreviations: Lt—lateral teeth, Pmt—paramedian tooth, Ps—peg seta, Mt—median tooth, I-IV—antennal and maxillary palp articles, Sa—sensory appendage, So—solenidia.

FIGURES 97-108 in Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy

FIGURES 97-108. Mature larva of L. alzonai (97, 99, 102-105, 107, 108), L. freyi (106) and L. pacei (98, 100, 101). 97, 98, base of mandible with microstructure; 99, 100, mandible in dorsal (99) and ventral (100) aspect; 101, micro seta (L1) of mandible; 102, mala; 103, apical section of mala; 104, apical section of stipes in dorsal aspect; 105, apical section of maxillary palp; 106, ligula in dorsal aspect; 107, microstructure of anterior region of mesonotum; 108, abdominal spiracle of pair VI. Abbreviations: Lg—ligula, Ma—mala, Mi—microtrichia, Mp—maxillary palp, Sp—spiracle, St—stipes, L1, L2—setae of mandible.

FIGURES 75-81 in Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy

FIGURES 75-81. Mature larva of L. pacei (75, 78, 79-81), L. freyi (76) and L. alzonai (77, 77A). 75, pronotum; 76-78, prothorax and microstructure of lateral region (77A); 79, thoracic tergite III and abdominal tergite I; 80, abdominal tergite II; 81, abdominal segments IX and X in dorsal view. Abbreviations: A—anterior seta, Ap—posterior pore, D—discal setae of rows a and b, L—lateral seta, P—posterior seta, Pr—presternum, Te—tergite, Tg—tergal gland, Sp—spiracle, Stp—sternum, Ug—urogomphus.

Figure 3 in Shedding light on species boundaries in small endogeic animals through an integrative approach: species delimitation in the centipede Clinopodes carinthiacus (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) in the south-eastern Alps

Figure 3. Subdivision of specimens into candidate species according to a model-based cluster analysis through normal mixture models on ten morphological characters (Table 2). The ventral view of the forcipular segment is illustrated for representative specimens of the candidate species. Denticles are indicated by arrowheads. The lower panel shows Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values of different models (coded as in the paper by Scrucca et al., 2016) in relation to the hypothetical number of candidate species.

Figure 2 in Shedding light on species boundaries in small endogeic animals through an integrative approach: species delimitation in the centipede Clinopodes carinthiacus (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) in the south-eastern Alps

Figure 2. Subdivision of 16S, COI and 28S haplotypes into candidate species according to different species delimitation methods. The ultrametric trees used for the general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) analyses are illustrated for the haplotypes of 16S and COI (all nodes: bootstrap supports ≥ 81% for 16S and ≥ 71% for COI). The median-joining network is illustrated for the 28S haplotypes (see also Supporting Information, Fig. S2). Mountain ranges where the haplotypes were found are also indicated.

Figure 6 in Shedding light on species boundaries in small endogeic animals through an integrative approach: species delimitation in the centipede Clinopodes carinthiacus (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) in the south-eastern Alps

Figure 6. Geometric morphometric analysis of between-population variation of the shape of the forcipular coxosternite in Clinopodes carinthiacus s.s.. The left panel shows landmarks (circles) and semilandmarks (diamonds) on a representative specimen (PD-G 7787, from population GUI). The right panel shows the distribution of 40 specimens from eight populations (codes as in Table 1) on the first and second principal components (bgPC 1 and bgPC 2) obtained from a between-group principal components analysis of the symmetric component of the shape. Polygons indicate populations. The wireframes along the components represent the variation in shape (dark blue) in comparison to the average shape (light blue).

Figure 1 in Shedding light on species boundaries in small endogeic animals through an integrative approach: species delimitation in the centipede Clinopodes carinthiacus (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) in the south-eastern Alps

Figure 1. Study area (white contour), sampling sites for the integrative species delimitation analysis (labelled symbols; codes as in Table 1) and all other sites of occurrence based on confidently identified specimens and validated published records (symbols without labels). Sites of occurrence of the two resulting species are distinguished (see key), and the single site of syntopy is indicated (white arrow).

Figure 4 in Shedding light on species boundaries in small endogeic animals through an integrative approach: species delimitation in the centipede Clinopodes carinthiacus (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) in the south-eastern Alps

Figure 4. Number of pairs of legs in specimens confidently identified as belonging to Clinopodes carinthiacus s.s. and Clinopodes strasseri in the study area. Differences between species are statistically significant for both males and females (Mann–Whitney U-test: P <0.0001 for both sexes; Supporting Information, Table S8).

Fig. 3 in An integrative taxonomic study reveals carychiid microsnails of the troglobitic genus Zospeum in the Eastern and Dinaric Alps (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae)

Fig. 3 The major clades recovered within the Dinaride and Alpine Zospeum radiation. Top: Bayesian inference tree; bottom: maximum likelihood consensus tree. * refers to individuals sequenced in this study

Fig. 8 in An integrative taxonomic study reveals carychiid microsnails of the troglobitic genus Zospeum in the Eastern and Dinaric Alps (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae)

Fig. 8 (a–e) Zospeum frauenfeldii, (a1–2) NMBE 553388, Podpeška Jama, sh: 1.982 mm. — (b1–2) NHMW 71882, Podpeška Jama, sh: 1.986 mm. — (c1–2) Paratype of Z. frauenfeldii osolei, MCSMNH 6835, Osoletova jama, sh: 2.01 mm; (d1–2) Paratype of Z. frauenfeldii osolei, ditto, sh: 1.805 mm. — (e1–2) NMBE 548795, Hrustovača špilja, sh: 1.494 mm. —(f–j) Zospeum subobesum, (f1–2) Syntype, MCSMNH 2083, Tounjčica, sh: 1.718 mm. — (g1–2) NMBE 553326, Tounjčica, sh: 1.655 mm. — (h) NMBE 553323, Sustav Đula Medvedica, sh: 1.637 mm. — (i) NMBE 553322, Jama ispod heliodroma, sh: 1.35 mm.

Fig. 9 in An integrative taxonomic study reveals carychiid microsnails of the troglobitic genus Zospeum in the Eastern and Dinaric Alps (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae)

Fig. 9 (a–e) Z. pagodulum, (a1–2) Holotype, NMBE 548815, Kučka jama, sh: 1.982 mm. — (b) NMBE 553363, Jama ispod Tominićevog brega, sh: 1.759 mm. — (c) NMBE 553361, Pećina kod sela Puhari, sh: 1.781 mm. — (d) NMBE 553360, Lučićka špilja, sh: 1.613 mm. — (e1– 2) NMBE 548789, Grnjača špilja, sh: 1.765 mm. —(f–n) Z. robustum, (f1–2) NMBE 553536, Tonkovića špilja, sh: 1.826 mm. — (g) NMBE 554397, Tonkovića špilja, sh: 1.52 mm. —(h) NMBE 553368, Špilja pod

Fig. 7 in An integrative taxonomic study reveals carychiid microsnails of the troglobitic genus Zospeum in the Eastern and Dinaric Alps (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae)

Fig. 7 (a–d) Zospeum obesum, (a1–2) NMBE 553409, Krška jama, sh: 1.961 mm; (b) ditto, sh: 1.972 mm; (c) ditto, sh: 2.08 mm; (d) ditto, sh: 1.975 mm. —(e–h) Zospeum exiguum, (e) Paratype (?Holotype), NHMW 32008, Križna jama, sh: 1.74 mm. — (f) NHMW 49752, Veliki iz Krkinc jama, sh: 1.812 mm. — (g1–2) NMBE 553384, Križna jama, sh: 1.569 mm. — (h1– 2) NMBE 548798, Jama Borušnjak 3, sh: 1.688 mm. —(i–q) Zospeum pretneri, (i1–2) NMBE 553290, Gornja Cerovačka pećina, sh: 1.251 mm; (j) ditto, sh: 1.251 mm. — (k) NMBE 553285, Muda labudova, sh: 1.274 mm; (l) ditto, sh: 1.08 mm. — (m) NMBE 553287, Draženova puhaljka, sh: 1.223 mm; (n) ditto, sh: 1.23 mm; (o1–2) ditto, sh: 1.184 mm. — (p1–2) NMBE 553297,

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FIGURES 27–33 in The species of the Chthonius heterodactylus group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the eastern Alps and the Carpathians

FIGURES 27–33. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 27, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Câmpeni, no. 579). 28–30, Left chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (28), ♀ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (29) and ♂ (Romania, Cluj, no. 551) (30). 31, Right chela, lateral view, of ♀ (Romania, Cluj, no. 551). 32–33, Movable finger of right chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Câmpeni, no. R61A). Figure 27: male from Romania, Câmpeni, no. 579; 28–29: adults from Romania, Jara, no. 553bis; 30–31: adults from Romania, Cluj, no. 551; 32–33: adults from Romania, Câmpeni, no. R61A (Scale bar 0.1 mm).