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91,407 results for “Effects With / Effects Of”
The effects of changing vegetative composition on the abundance, species diversity and activity of birds at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997
This data package contains bird abundance data collected in plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected in an effort to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, plant community functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on plant community function, including effects on animals. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, bird abundance and habitat preference data was collected in 1997. This data set consists of plot number, treatment type, and time of bird presence by taxa and by habitat and behavior. This study is complete.
warmXtrophic: plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of climate warming and herbivory across multiple years at Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research Sites (KBS LTER), Michigan, USA, and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), Michigan, USA.
Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on ecological communities. Whereas most climate change ecology experiments manipulate abiotic drivers to measure direct effects of climate on species or communities, fewer quantify the indirect effects through biotic interactions, especially over multiple sites and years. In this factorial experiment we manipulate temperature through open-top chambers, and the level of insect herbivory through insecticide. At two early successional field sites separated by 3 degrees of latitude and 3°C of mean annual temperature (University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI and Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI), 6 replicate 1-m2 plots per treatment were installed in May 2015. 12 plots per site are at ambient temperature, 12 are warmed with year-round non-UV filtering polycarbonate and wood frame construction OTCs for tall-stature plants (Welshofer et al. 2018 MEE). Insecticide reduces insect herbivory in half the plots (Welshofer et al. 2018 Oecologia). Over the course of the experiment, OTCs warmed the plant communities by 1.9°C-3.0°C on average over the growing season. Each year, through 2021, plant traits and community responses were measured at the species level: plant phenology (green-up, flowering, flowering duration, seed set); plant percent cover (aerial % cover of the 1m2 plot); plant traits (specific leaf area, C and N content), herbivory damage to leaves, and plant species biomass (only in 2021). Further methodological details are found within each response variable metadata. This experiment is ongoing and further data package updates are planned. L0 data is available upon request. R scripts can be found here: https://github.com/SpaCE-Lab-MSU/warmXtrophic. The biotic and abiotic community context and relative strengths of direct vs. indirect effects may yield ecological surprises under climate change unless addressed together. Large-scale experiments like this one can improve our ability to unde
Data for: Climate warming and drought effects on volatile organic compound emissions from Solidago altissima
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected from Solidago altissima in drought and warming treatments in the KBS-LTER Rain Exclusion Experiment (REX). This sampling took place in July 2022 when the plants had been experiencing warming (via open-top chambers) for 20 months, and drought (via rainout shelters) for 3 weeks. The data presented here are the final data files used for analysis, and contain VOC abundance values per plant across the four climate treatments: ambient, warmed, drought, and warmed + drought. Code is available at: https://github.com/dobsonk2/REX_VOCs (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15169943)
Modeling the effects of lake morphology on chloride retention and salt-driven stratification in two urban lakes in St. Paul, MN
Road salt inputs have caused widespread salinization of urban lakes in northern temperate regions. Watershed characteristics are known to be important drivers of lake chloride concentrations, but there has been less focus on how lake morphometry influences seasonal and interannual dynamics in lake chloride, and how these chloride levels may alter mixing in the water column. We analyzed chloride retention for two urban lakes (Como Lake and Lake McCarrons) in Saint Paul, Minnesota, that are in adjacent watersheds and have similar surface areas, but differ in depth and water residence time. Summer chloride concentrations were negatively related to total summer precipitation for Como Lake (maximum depth 2.2 m), but the relationship was less strong for Lake McCarrons (maximum depth 7.6 m). We used a zero-dimensional model to simulate chloride dynamics in both lakes and tracked the fate of chloride over time. In Como Lake, the mass of chloride in the lake turns over within three years, whereas chloride inputs are retained for >10 years in Lake McCarrons. We then used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model (GLM-AED) to examine how lake depth affects how current chloride loading rates alter lake mixing. Salt inputs significantly extended the duration of summer stratification for simulated lakes with depths of 8 m or more, and salt inputs increased the number of days of hypoxia and anoxia across all depths. These results underscore the importance of considering lake morphometry in understanding the effects of salt inputs on lake ecosystems.
Shrub effects on seeding establishment, 2019 - 2020.
Plant communities in mountain ecosystems are particularly vulnerable due to amplified rates of warming (Pepin and Lundquist, 2008; Pepin et al., 2015) and declines in snowpack (Fyfe et al., 2017). As a result of these global change drivers, there is a widespread pattern of biotic shifts in the alpine (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2018). However, it is unclear how important these biotic shifts will be in mediating the response of other species to global change. For example, the uphill movement and expansion of structure-forming species (e.g. trees, shrubs, cushion plants), can create small-scale variations in the conditions experienced by species (microclimates) through their effects on snow, wind, solar radiation, and soil properties (Holtmeier and Broll, 1992; Seastedt and Adams, 2001; Pistón et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2019). One such expanding structure-forming group of species are shrubs—the expansion and densification of shrubs is occurring in arctic and alpine zones across the globe (Myers-Smith et al., 2011; Formica et al., 2014; Elmendorf et al., 2012b, 2012a).Shrub microclimatic effects can alter fine-scale variability across the landscape, which may have important consequences for plant communities through increased heterogeneity and modified exposure. For instance, the microclimatic effects shrubs in the alpine may facilitate the establishment of subalpine species that need to migrate uphill to track their climatic niche (Akhalkatsi et al., 2006; Martínez, 2012; Cranston and Hermanutz, 2013). References Akhalkatsi, M., Abdaladze, O., Nakhutsrishvili, G., and Smith, W. K., 2006: Facilitation of seedling microsites by Rhododendron caucasicum extends the Betula litwinowii alpine treeline, Caucasus Mountains, Republic of Georgia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 38(4):481–488. Bueno de Mesquita, C. P., Tillmann, L. S., Bernard, C. D., Rosemond, K. C., Molotch, N. P., and Suding, K. N., 2018: Topographic heterogeneity explains patterns of vegetation respons
SBC LTER: Reef: Defenses of macroalgae and effects on epifaunal larvae
Larvae of the solitary ascidian, Ciona robusta, were placed in petri dishes with various species of macroalgae from the Santa Barbara Channel, and larval survival to settlement was assessed. The total phenolic contents (indicative of defensive chemicals) of the algae species were also measured, and a correlation between larval survival and phenolic content investigated. Experiments took place in Spring and Summer 2024. Data are contained in two tables: 1) larval survival in control treatments (not exposed to algae), 2) larval survival in treatment dishes (exposed to algae) as well as phenolic content of each macroalgae individual tested.
Effects of Fire Seasonality on Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2007-2020)
Desert grassland vegetation is a key resource upon which rangelands in the southwestern US are built, and managing these ecosystems remains a critical challenge today. This experimental fire seasonality research project, in collaboration with the USFWS, USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Sevilleta LTER, is intended to provide land management agencies with information about vegetation recovery following fire under different seasonal conditions and burning treatments. This experimental research will enable the FWS to more effectively set project objectives for prescribed burning on the Sevilleta NWR to benefit not only wildlife habitat, but to better align the timing and intensity of fire to benefit the reestablishment of the dominant native grama grasses Bouteloua eriopoda and B. gracilis. Since its creation in 1973, management has been devoted to restoring the Sevilleta NWR to the natural conditions that might have been seen around the turn of the century. The Sevilleta NWR is an ideal place for research because climatic conditions, plant species composition and net primary production following wildfire have been well documented by the Sevilleta LTER. Additional experimental research is needed, however, to better inform managers about the timing and use of fire as an ecosystem restoration and management tool. This is an on-going, long-term experiment under the auspices of the Sevilleta LTER program.
Effects of Multiple Resource Additions on Community and Ecosystem Processes: NutNet NPP Quadrat Sampling at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Two of the most pervasive human impacts on ecosystems are alteration of global nutrient budgets and changes in the abundance and identity of consumers. Fossil fuel combustion and agricultural fertilization have doubled and quintupled, respectively, global pools of nitrogen and phosphorus relative to pre-industrial levels. In spite of the global impacts of these human activities, there have been no globally coordinated experiments to quantify the general impacts on ecological systems. This experiment seeks to determine how nutrient availability controls plant biomass, diversity, and species composition in a desert grassland. This has important implications for understanding how future atmospheric deposition of nutrients (N, S, Ca, K) might affect community and ecosystem-level responses. This study is part of a larger coordinated research network that includes more than 40 grassland sites around the world. By using a standardized experimental setup that is consistent across all study sites, we are addressing the questions of whether diversity and productivity are co-limited by multiple nutrients and if so, whether these trends are predictable on a global scale.
Effects of Multiple Resource Additions on Community and Ecosystem Processes: NutNet Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Two of the most pervasive human impacts on ecosystems are alteration of global nutrient budgets and changes in the abundance and identity of consumers. Fossil fuel combustion and agricultural fertilization have doubled and quintupled, respectively, global pools of nitrogen and phosphorus relative to pre-industrial levels. In spite of the global impacts of these human activities, there have been no globally coordinated experiments to quantify the general impacts on ecological systems. This experiment seeks to determine how nutrient availability controls plant biomass, diversity, and species composition in a desert grassland. This has important implications for understanding how future atmospheric deposition of nutrients (N, S, Ca, K) might affect community and ecosystem-level responses. This study is part of a larger coordinated research network that includes more than 40 grassland sites around the world. By using a standardized experimental setup that is consistent across all study sites, we are addressing the questions of whether diversity and productivity are co-limited by multiple nutrients and if so, whether these trends are predictable on a global scale. Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and and foliage, over time and incoporates growth as well as loss to death and decomposition. To measure this change the vegetation variables, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots (SEV231, "Effects of Multiple Resource Additions on Community and Ecosystem Processes: NutNet NPP Quadrat Sampling") and regressions correlating species biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
The Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Young and Old
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Effects of ON/OFF deep brain stimulation on cognitive control in treatment-resistant depression (EEG)
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Effects of Phase Regression on High-Resolution Functional MRI of the Primary Visual Cortex
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Effects of crown gall disease on natural microbiota of Vitis vinifera - genome annotations
<p>Young grapevines (Vitis vinifera) frequently die due to the crown gall (CG) disease induced by the plant pathogen Allorhizobium vitis (Rhizobiaceae). Virulent members of A. vitis harbour a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid and cause formation of CGs due to genes encoded on the T-DNA. Expression of the oncogenes by transformed host cells induce cell proliferation, metabolic and physiological changes. The CG produces opines uncommon to plants, which provide an important nutrient source for A. vitis harbouring opine catabolism enzymes. CGs host a defined bacterial community and the mechanisms establishing a CG-specific bacterial community are currently unknown. Thus, we were interested in whether genes homologous to those of the Ti-plasmid coexist in the genomes of the microbial species coexisting in CGs. We isolated eight bacterial strains from grapevine CGs, sequenced their genomes and tested their virulence and opine utilization ability in bioassays. In addition, the eight genome sequences were aligned to the sequences of a Ti-plasmid and seven published bacterial genomes, including closely related plant associated bacteria but not from CGs. Homologous genes for virulence and opine anabolism were only present in the virulent Rhizobiaceae. By contrast, homologs of the opine catabolism genes were present in all strains including the non-virulent members of the Rhizobiaceae and non-Rhizobiaceae, indicating horizontal gene transfer of the opine degradation cluster from virulent to non-virulent strains. These results along with those of the opine utilization assay support the important role of opine utilization for co-colonization of virulent and non-virulent bacteria in CGs, thereby shaping the CG community.</p> <p>This dataset contains the prokka annotations of the genomes as used in "Opportunistic bacteria of grapevine crown galls are equipped with the genomic repertoire for opine utilization"</p>
Datasets for "Gravitational waves from the chiral magnetic effect"
<pre>This directory contains an index.html file with links to the run directories and idl plotting routines with secondary data for the other figures for the paper "Gravitational waves from the chiral magnetic effect" by A. Brandenburg, Y. He, T. Kahniashvili, M. Rheinhardt, and J. Schober. If anything turns out to be incomplete, please email brandenb@nordita.org.</pre>
Background data: Untangling the effects of multiple human stressors and their impacts on fish assemblages in European running waters
<p>This dataset presents some backkground data from the EFI+ database. Related work addresses human stressors and their impacts on fish assemblages at pan-European scale by analysing single and multiple stressors and their interactions. Based on an extensive dataset with 3105 fish sampling sites, patterns of stressors, their combination and nature of interactions, i.e. synergistic, antagonistic and additive were investigated. </p> <p>Data were derived within the EU-project "Improvement and Spatial extension of the European Fish Index (EFI+)". EFI+, an EU FP6 research project from 2007-2009 was designed to gain new knowledge and to further develop and improve new biological assessment methods to meet needs of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). </p> <p>Background data are available for boxplots and barplots shown in the related research article in STOTEN.</p>
MAR2PROTECT - Coconut shell derived activated carbon for effective separation of greenhouse gases - DATASET
<p>The need for innovative and efficient adsorptive materials with enhanced structural characteristics that facilitate the selective capture of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is critical. Porosity and surface area play an important role in the adsorptive capture and separation of GHGs, enabling the design of processes that reduce GHGs emissions. This study shows how residual coconut shell (CS) biomass can be reused for the design of novel biomaterials (CS-CO<sub>2</sub>, CS-ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) with structural characteristics that promote the selective adsorption of GHGs. Additionally, the results are compared with those obtained with activated carbon monoliths (ACM) and a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF Fe-BTC) to understand the impact of different porous solid matrices on adsorptive GHG capture. In this context, the adsorption performance of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,1-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) on CS-CO<sub>2</sub>, CS-ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, ACM and Fe-BTC were measured by gravimetry at 283.15 K, 303.15 K and 323.15 K. The experimental data are correlated using the dual-site Langmuir adsorption model, and the selectivities of the commercial mixtures R-410A, R-407C, R-404A and CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> are calculated using the Ideal Adsorption Solution theory (IAST). CS-ZnCl<sub>2</sub> has a higher selectivity for R-125 over R-32 in the separation of R-410A at low pressure, and also a higher selectivity for R-407C due to its larger pore volume. In the separation of the R-404A refrigerant blend, CS-CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbs predominantly R-134a and R-143a over R-125. Finally, the ACM material preferentially adsorbs CO<sub>2</sub> over CH<sub>4</sub>, owing to its large and elongated micropores that favour the adsorption of the smaller molecule. This study introduces novel and innovative materials to enhance the separation of GHGs mixtures, contributing to a reduction in their emissions.</p>
Results: Predicted cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value from public green spaces in Paris V2
<p>This dataset represents results predicting the cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value for public green spaces in Paris for 40 hot days above the minimum mortality threshold in 2019. </p> <p>This is version 2. The value of a statistical life (VSL) has been corrcted and all values adjusted. </p> <p>The data format is a shapefile with coordinate reference system RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93 (EPSG:2154).</p> <p>Please see the Variable_name csv file for description of the variable names. </p> <p>The (non-reproducible) code is available at https://github.com/j-k-garrett/REGREEN_Paris_heat</p> <p>These results are from the submitted (September 2025) paper entitled:</p> <p><strong><span>Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Heat: Health and Economic Value of Paris’s Public Green Spaces</span></strong></p> <p>Authored by:</p> <p>Joanne K. Garrett<sup>1</sup>, David Neil Bird<sup>2</sup>, Timothy J. Taylor<sup>1</sup>, Elizabeth McCarthy<sup>3</sup>, David H. Fletcher<sup>4</sup>, Benedict W. Wheeler<sup>1</sup>, Marianne Zandersen<sup>5</sup>, Laurence Jones<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK</p> <p><sup>2 </sup>Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Department of Environmental Studies, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, USA</p> <p><sup>4</sup> UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK</p> <p><sup>5 </sup>Department of Environmental Science, iClimate Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Denmark</p> <p> </p>
Dataset - Sex and Habitat effects on Verrallia aucta parasitism in Philaenus spumarius in Scotland
<p>This csv file contains data for analysis on the sex and habitat effects on <i>Verrallia aucta</i> parasitism in <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> in Scotland. <i>P. spumarius</i> were sampled from three different habitat types within eleven sites across Scotland and molecularly screened for <i>V. aucta</i> parasitism using qPCR. Csv file contains total number of <i>P. spumarius </i>samples, total number of <i>V. aucta </i>positive <i>P. spumarius </i>samples and percent positive, per sex and habitat, within each site.</p>
Curated mode-of-action data and effect concentrations for chemicals relevant for the aquatic environment
<p>Chemicals in the aquatic environment can be harmful to organisms and ecosystems. Knowledge on effect concentrations as well as on mechanisms and modes of interaction with biological molecules and signaling pathways is necessary to perform chemical risk assessment and identify toxic compounds. To this end, we developed criteria and a pipeline for harvesting and summarizing effect concentrations from the US ECOTOX database for the three aquatic species groups algae, crustaceans, and fish and researched the modes of action of more than 3,300 environmentally relevant chemicals in literature and databases. We provide a curated dataset ready to be used for risk assessment based on monitoring data and the first comprehensive collection and categorization of modes of action of environmental chemicals. Authorities, regulators, and scientists can use this data for the grouping of chemicals, the establishment of meaningful assessment groups, and the development of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> approaches for chemical testing and assessment.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for "The effects of weather and mobility on respiratory viruses dynamics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and Canada".
<p>Epidemiological and mobility data analysed in the paper "The effects of weather and mobility on respiratory viruses dynamics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA and Canada".</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.