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33,754 results for “Enhancers”
Enhancing Crowd Creativity as Innovation via Teamwork: Dataset
<p>These data files correspond to the results produced in the following paper currently accepted for publication.</p> <p>Pradeep K. Murukannaiah, Nirav Ajmeri, and Munindar P. Singh. 2022. Enhancing Creativity as Innovation via Asynchronous Crowdwork. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Web Science Conference. Pages 1--9. To Appear.</p> <p>----------<br> Data files<br> ----------</p> <p>* all_scenarios.csv: 1,823 scenarios produced by MTurk workers</p> <p>* rated_scenarios.csv: 639 scenarios rated for creativity by three authors (700 scenarios were randomly selected for rating. 61 scenarios of these 700 scenarios were unclear or irrelevant and thus were discarded)</p> <p>* creativity.csv: data for RQ1 (Creativity)</p> <p>* personality-creativty.csv and team-composition-creativity.csv: data for RQ2 (Personality)</p> <p>* efficiency.csv: data for RQ3 (Efficiency)</p> <p>* emotions.csv: data for RQ4 (Emotions)</p>
Storage enhanced nonlinearities in a cold atomic Rydberg ensemble: experimental data
<p>The data show number of input/output photons under different conditions when coherent pulses of light undergo electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cold cloud of Rubidium 87 atoms via a ladder system connecting the ground state of 87-Rubidium and different Rydberg levels via (see more details in Distante et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. <strong>117</strong>, 113001 (2016) or in the preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.07478)</p> <p>This is the pre-analysed data from which the results in the paper are derived.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>The ODS file contains different sheets which correspond to Rydberg states with different principal quantum numbers</li> <li>The PDF contains useful information regarding the conditions of the experiment under which the data was obtained, such as the optical depth (OD) of the cloud, its dimensions, and the Rabi frequency of the coupling beam.</li> </ul>
Strongly Enhanced Cooperative Surface Propensity of Atmospherically Relevant Organic Molecular Ions in Aqueous Solution - data
<p>Dataset pertaining to the manuscript "Boosting aerosol surface effects: strongly enhanced cooperative surface propensity of atmospherically relevant organic molecular ions in aqueous solution", published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3503-2025">Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3503–3518, 2025</a>. Using liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigate the surface propensity of various carbonaceous species in aqueous solution. We cover a range of substances relevant to atmospheric climate models. Here we give the data of Fig.s 1-3 of our manuscript in numeric form, and document the underlying photoemission spectra including all relevant metadata.</p> <p>Experimental data are documented in the NeXus format (extension .nxs). For a description see:<br>The NeXus Data Format definition (v2024.02), https://manual.nexusformat.org/index.html<br>NXmpes expansion for FAIRmat data (v.2024.07), https://fairmat-nfdi.github.io/nexus_definitions/classes/contributed_definitions/NXmpes.html<br>NXmpes_liquid expansion to NXmpes (v.2024.07), https://fairmat-nfdi.github.io/nexus_definitions/mpes-liquid/classes/contributed_definitions/NXmpes_liquid.html</p> <p>The following files are provided:<br>'Data Collection_Core.nxs' - Photoemission data, core level spectra<br>'Data Collection_Valence.nxs'<strong> </strong> - Photoemission data, valence spectra</p> <p>Ascii data of figures 1a, 2 and 3:<br>'Figure 1 data.txt'<br>'Figure 2 data.txt'<br>'Figure 3 data.txt'</p> <p>Contact person for questions regarding this data set: Uwe Hergenhahn, uhe@fhi.mpg.de . If you use these data for your scientific work we kindly ask you to send us a copy of your published results.</p> <p>Acknowledgements: We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III, and we would like to thank Moritz Hoesch and his team for assistance in using beamline P04. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20220937 EC. Harmanjot Kaur and Bernd Winter acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 883759, AQUACHIRAL). Stephan Thürmer acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP20K15229) and ISHIZUE 2024 of Kyoto University. Florian Trinter acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project 509471550, Emmy Noether Programme. Florian Trinter and Bernd Winter acknowledge support by the MaxWater initiative of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Olle Björneholm acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) through project 2023-04346 and the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) through project 202100-2932. Ricardo Marinho, Joel Pinheiro, and Arnaldo Naves de Brito acknowledge support from the Swedish–Brazilian collaboration STINT-CAPES (process no. 88881.465527/2019-01). Arnaldo Naves de Brito acknowledges support from FAPESP (the São Paulo Research Foundation, process no. 2017/11986-5), Shell and ANP (Brazil’s National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency), and CNPq-Brazil (process no. 401581/2016-0). Harmanjot Kaur and Shirin Gholami acknowledge support by the IMPRS for Elementary Processes in Physical Chemistry.</p> <p>Financial support: This research has been supported by the European Research Council, Horizon Europe (grant no. 883759); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. JP20K15229); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. 509471550); the Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2023-04346), the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (grant no. 202100-2932); the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (grant no. 2017/11986- 5); and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grant no. 401581/2016-0).</p> <p>Version history:<br>1 - initial release<br>2 - numbering of figures adapted to published version, photoemission data added.</p>
Accompanying dataset; 'Agroforestry enhances biological activity, diversity and soil-based ecosystem functions in mountain agroecosystems of Latin America: A meta-analysis.'
<p>The database created as part of the meta-analysis is designed to facilitate the comparison of biological activity, diversity (BIAD), and ecosystem functions (EFs) between agroforestry systems (AFS) and other land-use types. It incorporates data extracted from selected studies, each record comprising a mean value, sample size, and a variance measure to compute standard deviation. The database also categorizes data according to 22 explanatory variables, including geographical coordinates, climate classification, soil type, AFS classification, and more, to characterize the sites and management systems involved. This detailed classification enables a nuanced analysis of how different factors might influence the BIAD and EFs in the context of AFS. The database supports the meta-analysis by allowing for the estimation of effect sizes using response ratios, which compare the relative difference in BIAD and EFs between AFS and other land uses. Data extraction from primary studies was meticulous, employing both direct and indirect methods such as graph digitizing software, and missing data were supplemented using reliable sources or direct communication with the original study authors. The comprehensive nature of this database ensures that the analysis can account for a wide range of variables that may affect the outcomes of interest in the meta-analysis. </p><p>For an in-depth exploration of the study's findings and methodology, refer to the comprehensive meta-analysis available in Global Change Biology (2024), entitled "<i>Agroforestry Enhances Biological Activity, Diversity, and Soil-Based Ecosystem Functions in Mountain Agroecosystems of Latin America: A Meta-Analysis</i>."</p>
Dataset related to publication: Robust radiative cooling via surface phonon coupling-enhanced emissivity from SiO2 micropillar arrays
<p>Dataset related to the publication:</p><p>Zhenmin Ding, Xin Li, Hulin Zhang, Dukang Yan, Jérémy Werlé, Ying Song, Lorenzo Pattelli, Jiupeng Zhao, Hongbo Xu, Yao Li. Robust radiative cooling via surface phonon coupling-enhanced emissivity from SiO2 micropillar arrays. <i>International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</i>, 220, 125004 (2024). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.125004">10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.125004</a></p><p>The repository contains MATLAB/Octave scripts to perform rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulations for a SiO2 layer decorated with micropillars.</p><p>The main script runs a series of rigorous electromagnetic simulations over the atmospheric transparency window wavelength range (8-13 µm) for all combination of three main structural parameters (pillar diameter, spacing and height), within a user-defined range.</p><p>Running the code requires the RETICOLO v9 RCWA code:</p><blockquote><p>Jean-Paul Hugonin, & Philippe Lalanne. (2021). Light-in-complex-nanostructures/RETICOLO: V9. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419063">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419063</a></p></blockquote>
Dataset for "Heatwave reveals potential for enhanced aerosol formation in Siberian boreal forest"
<p>This dataset supplements the manuscript "Heatwave reveals potential for enhanced aerosol formation in Siberian boreal forest", Environmental Research Letters, 2023. </p>
Dataset: Submicron‐ and Nanoplastic Detection at Low Micro‐ to Nanogram Concentrations Using Gold Nanostar‐Based Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates
<p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>The presence of submicron- (1 µm – 100 nm) and nanoplastic (< 100 nm) particles within various sample matrices, ranging from marine environments to foods and beverages, has become a topic of increasing interest in recent years. Despite this interest, very few analytical techniques remain that allow for the detection of these small plastic particles in the low concentration ranges that they are anticipated to be present at. Research focused on optimizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to enhance signal obtained in Raman spectroscopy has been shown to have great potential for the detection of plastic particles below conventional resolution limits. In this study, we produce SERS substrates composed of gold nanostars and assess their potential for submicron- and nanoplastic detection. The results show 33 nm polystyrene could be detected down to 1.25 µg/mL while 36 nm poly(ethylene terephthalate) was detected down to 5 µg/mL. These results confirm the promising potential of the gold nanostar-based SERS substrates for nanoplastic detection. Furthermore, combined with findings for 121 nm polypropylene and 126 nm polyethylene particles, they highlight potential differences in analytical performance that depend on the properties of the plastics being studied.</p>
Bibliographic Dataset for the Systematic Literature Review on Industry 5.0 Concepts and Enabling Technologies, Towards an Enhanced Conservation Practice
<p>This database contains all the bibliographic information found after applying the Search Strategy used for the Industry 5.0 Concepts and Enabling Technologies, Towards an Enhanced Conservation Practice: Systematic Literature Review. The following electronic databases were searched:</p> <ul> <li>Scopus.</li> </ul> <p>A total of 907 records were found. The search was conducted on 16/02/2024.</p> <p>The information is presented in .ris, .bib, and .csv format.</p>
Robust genetic codes enhance protein evolvability
<p>The repository contains all data for our manuscript on protein evolvability under rewired genetic codes: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545706v1</p> <p>The corresponding code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/parizkh/rewired_codes_landscapes</p>
e-ITALICA (enhanced ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue)
<p>The enhanced ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue (e-ITALICA) currently lists 6312 records with information on rainfall-induced landslides that occurred over the Italian territory between January 1996 and December 2021. Information on rainfall-induced landslides has a high accuracy on their spatial and temporal location. e-ITALICA includes the triggering rainfall conditions associated with the landslides and the coordinates of the representative rain gauges. Moreover, details on elevation, slope, and land cover are also included.</p>
Data set for letter "Floquet-Driven Crossover from Density-Assisted Tunneling to Enhanced Pair Tunneling"
<p>The files contain the data depicted in the figures of the article "Floquet-Driven Crossover from Density-Assisted Tunneling to Enhanced Pair Tunneling", arXiv 2404.08482.</p> <p>The format of the data and to which figure it corresponds is described in the file "README.txt".</p>
Dataset of optimal cement-based panels enhanced with microencapsulated phase change material for EnergyPlus simulations
<p>This dataset includes:<br> - A series of EnergyPlus models of the BESTEST - Case 900 - from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2011 for the original (Baseline_Case900) and three enhanced designs (Opt-1, Opt-2, Opt-5) by using a cement-based panel containing microencapsulated phase change material.<br> - All the optimal solutions (parameters and corresponding performance) in XLSX format, which were obtained for two multiobjective optimization studies of the thermophysical properties (ParetoFront_CaseA and ParetoFront_CaseB).<br> - The typical meteorological year (TMY) of Sofia city employed to obtain the results, which is freely provided by Climate.One.Building.Org repository (https://climate.onebuilding.org/)</p>
Dataset of behavioral and neurophysiological data of a virtual sailing task published in: "Providing task instructions during motor training enhances performance and modulates attentional brain networks"
<p>Dataset belonging to the behavioral and neurophysiological data of the publication: "Providing task instructions during motor training enhances performance and modulates attentional brain networks". The two uploaded Zip files contain kinematic and electroencephalographic data of 36 participants for the Obstacle and HorizonTask.</p>
Decadal time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (2000 - 2021) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds.<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>The resulting relative humidity has been aggregated to decadal averages. Each month is divided into three decades: the first decade of a month covers days 1-10, the second decade covers days 11-20, and the third decade covers days 21-last day of the month.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; dD = number of decade):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_decadal_YYYY_MM_dD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Decadal</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7427010">https://zenodo.org/record/7427010</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 5: 2020 - 2021) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434396">https://zenodo.org/record/7434396</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 3: 2010 - 2014) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7432432">https://zenodo.org/record/7432432</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 4: 2015 - 2019) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434447">https://zenodo.org/record/7434447</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 1: 2000 - 2004) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6147830">https://zenodo.org/record/6147830</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 2: 2005 - 2009) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434376">https://zenodo.org/record/7434376</a></p>
Second release of the data associated with the paper entitled 'Cluster-enhanced ensemble learning for mapping global monthly surface ozone from 2003 to 2019'
<p>This is the second release of the data associated with the paper entitled 'Cluster-enhanced ensemble learning for mapping global monthly surface ozone from 2003 to 2019'.</p> <p>The paper was published in Geophysical Research Letters. We provide the data that has been smoothed by moving filter and not. The data can be loaded by the <em>raster </em>package in <em>R.</em> Note that the unit is ppmv.</p> <p>Please note that both of these files must be in the same directory to open in <em>R</em> properly<em>.</em></p> <p>Please get in touch with the authors if you have any issues, email: xliu21@smail.nju.edu.cn or wanghk@nju.edu.cn</p>
ScienceDex guides
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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