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385 results for “Environmental factors”
Fig.1 in Distribution Of Ixodes Ricinus (Arachnida, Ixodidae) In Ukraine In The Context Of Tick Hazard, And Factors Favoring Its Persistence In Conditions Of Fast-Going Environmental Change
Fig.1. The hiatus in the range that has been noted on the territory of Ukraine: 1 — European area of distribution; 2 — Crimean area of distribution; 3 — Caucasian-Western Asian area of distribution; 4 — zone of disjunction (after fig. 1 Akimov & Nebogatkin, 1996 with changes).
Fig. 2 in Distribution Of Ixodes Ricinus (Arachnida, Ixodidae) In Ukraine In The Context Of Tick Hazard, And Factors Favoring Its Persistence In Conditions Of Fast-Going Environmental Change
Fig. 2. Distribution of I. ricinus on the territory of Ukraine, from the point of view of tick-borne danger.
Data for: Interactions between environmental factors drive selection on cyanogenesis in Trifolium repens
<p>Phenotypic and genetic clines frequently evolve due to varying selection along environmental gradients. However, the specific environmental factors that impose differential selection are often multivariate and difficult to tease apart. We addressed this complexity using a factorial manipulation of watering, soil nutrients, and (simulated) herbivory in controlled conditions to better understand the agents of selection driving the evolution of clines in a polymorphic chemical antiherbivore defence, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), of the plant white clover (Trifolium repens L.). We found the presence or absence of the two metabolic components required for HCN production (cyanogenic glucosides and linamarase) to be more prominent determinants of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in T. repens than HCN itself. We also found that the ability to produce one or both of cyanogenic glucosides or linamarase resulted in a growth advantage under drought and simulated herbivory that outweighs the metabolic cost of their production. These results support the view that the metabolic components underlying HCN play important roles beyond defence by increasing plant tolerance to stress. The growth advantage under drought, however, was diminished in the absence of nutrient addition, consistent with multivariate interactions as drivers of selection. This study provides novel insight into how a cosmopolitan plant has adapted to environmental gradients, and more generally, highlights the importance of considering interactions between multiple environmental factors when studying the evolution of phenotypic and genetic clines.</p>
Figure 1 in Influence of environmental factors on surface activity of Paruroctonus marksi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) in the Mojave Desert
Figure 1. The mean abundance of scorpions (solid line) and water vapor pressure (dashed line) from August 2017 to September 2018.
Figure 2 in Influence of environmental factors on surface activity of Paruroctonus marksi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) in the Mojave Desert
Figure 2. Distance of adult scorpions from cover in relationship to water vapor pressure (grey squares) and moon illumination (dark triangles). The solid and dashed lines represent the trend line for water vapor pressure and moon illumination respectively.
Urban cloud patterns and environmental factors dataset supporting for paper: "How do Cities Modify Local Cloud Patterns?" Vo T.T., Hu L., Xue L., Li Q., Chen S. (2023)
<p> </p> <p>The dataset supporting for the publication: "How do Cities Modify Local Cloud Patterns?" Vo T.T., Hu L., Xue L., Li Q., Chen S. (2023), PNAS. </p> <ul> <li>The data format is in tabular form (.csv, comma delimited). Each row is the <strong>monthly </strong>aggregated <span class="math-tex">\(\Delta_{CloudCover}\)</span> for <strong>each </strong>city for daytime and nighttime, associated with the environmental factors used to study the relationship in the research. More specifically, the description of each factor associated with its unit formatted in the table are listed as follows: <ul> <li>the spatial differences in cloud coverage (in percent) between urban and adjacent background domain (<span class="math-tex">\(\Delta_{CloudCover}\)</span>): <strong>cldmeand </strong>(in percent) </li> <li>the city size (<span class="math-tex">\(log_{10}A\)</span>, A in km<sup>2</sup>) as an indicator of surface roughness and anthropogenic emission: <strong>CitySize </strong>(in <span class="math-tex">\(log_{10}(km^{2})\)</span>)</li> <li>the differential urban-background surface heating measured by land surface temperature (<span class="math-tex">\(\Delta LST\)</span>): <strong>Tempdiff </strong>(in K)</li> <li>the moisture availability measured by annual precipitation (P): <strong>precipannualbackground </strong>(in mm)</li> <li>the energy availability measured by mean annual temperature (<span class="math-tex">\(\overline{T}\)</span>): <strong>tempannualbackground </strong>(in <span class="math-tex">\(^{o}C\)</span>)</li> <li>the longitudes and latitudes for the defined city: <strong>xcoords </strong>(longitudes, in meters) and <strong>ycoords </strong>(latitudes, in meters)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Other columns: <ul> <li><strong>NAME10</strong>: the name of urban domain or city defined in the study (CENSUS 2010)</li> <li><strong>time</strong>: daytime (around 13 LT) or nighttime (around 1 LT). </li> <li><strong>monthtext</strong>: specifies the month (January to December)</li> <li><strong>urban_type</strong>: the geographical location of the defined urban area (either inland, coastal or mountainous city) </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Figure 2 in Sex inversion in cultivated mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. (Crimea, Black Sea) under influence of external environmental factors
Figure 2. Sex inversion in females of the cultivated mussel M. galloprovincialis after a one-month-long laboratory experiment and three-months-long conditioning at the mussel-and-oyster farm, 2016–2017.
R SCRIPT: INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE POWER PRODUCED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ARTIFICIALLY WEATHERED
<p>The files describe the r-script code and data base used in the article titled: "INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE POWER PRODUCED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ARTIFICIALLY WEATHERED"</p>
Fine-root production in boreal peatland forests: effects of stand and environmental factors
<p>Fine-root production (FRP) data along with climatic variables (annual precipitation, temperature sum, and latitude) and stand variables (tree stand stem volume; tree stand basal area; stand basal area of tree species including Scots pine, Norway spruce and deciduous trees; site type; peat type; peat depth; C:N ratio of topmost 20 cm peat layer; grouping of sites to nutrient rich and nutrient poo; average soil water-table level) from 28 forestry-drained peatland forest sites in Finland,</p> <p>FRP and its depth distribution were estimated using ingrowth cores. The ingrowth cores were installed between October 15th and November 27th, 2013, and recovered after two years in late November 2015.</p>
SOCIOECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND COVID - 19 VACCINATION: INTERACTIONS AFFECTING EFFECTIVENESS
<p>This study analyses the relation between people fully vaccinated and mortality to assess the effectiveness of this health policy to cope with COVID-19 pandemic between a sample of 150 countries. Statistical analyses show a positive correlation between share of people fully vaccinated and total COVID-19 mortality in early 2022 (r= 0.65, p-value <.01). These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations cannot be a sufficient policy response to eradicate the overall negative impact of the new infectious disease in society. Although high levels of vaccinations in some countries, many demographic (density of population), environmental (air pollution), technological (equipment of non-invasive ventilators), biological (new variants), socioeconomic (health expenditures) factors, etc., influence the diffusion and negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic society. This study can provide new knowledge to improve crisis management and the preparedness of countries to cope with or prevent future pandemic crisis and negative effects in socioeconomic systems.</p>
Seascape genetics in a polychaete worm: Disentangling the roles of a biogeographic barrier and environmental factors
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Data and code supporting acoustic and environmental factors driving digging behavior in the early life of a freshwater turtle
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Data for: Interactions between environmental factors drive selection on cyanogenesis in Trifolium repens
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Spatial distribution of benthic algae in the South China Sea: responses to gradually changing environmental factors and ecological impacts on coral communities
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Asymmetrical hybridization and environmental factors influence the spatial genetic structure of a killifish hybrid zone
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Data from: Beta diversity patterns of bats in the Atlantic Forest: how does the scale of analysis affect the importance of spatial and environmental factors?
<p>Aim: Environmental and spatial factors are broadly recognized as important predictors of beta diversity patterns. However, the scale at which beta diversity patterns are evaluated will affect the outcoming results. For example, studies at larger scales will usually find spatial processes as the main predictor of beta diversity patterns. In this study we evaluate how beta diversity patterns change when analyses are conducted at different scales by reducing the scale of analysis in a hierarchical manner.</p> <p>Taxon: Chiroptera.</p> <p>Location: Atlantic Forest biome.</p> <p>Methods: Information on the occurrence of 59 bat species were obtained from the Atlantic Bats and Species Link database. We partitioned beta diversity into its two components (nestedness and turnover), and calculated these indexes hierarchically: the biome in its entirety (all ecoregions); between larger regions (north, central and south); and between ecoregions within each region. We performed a Generalized Dissimilarity Model (GDM) to identify and predict the turnover of bat species in the Atlantic Forest based on geo-climatic predictors. We obtained 19 geo-climatic data from AMBDATA, an environmental dataset based on different data sources commonly used in species distribution modeling.</p> <p>Results: We found that turnover was the main component influencing a latitudinal gradient when the biome was analysed in its entirety. However, when the scale of the analysis was reduced, we found that species loss (nestedness component) had a large effect in determining beta diversity dissimilarity. We also found that nestedness was the main pattern explaining beta diversity dissimilarity along a longitudinal gradient.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Beta diversity patterns changed with the scale of analysis, which indicates that bat species composition does not follow the same pattern throughout the Atlantic Forest. This corroborates the importance of analysing beta diversity patterns at different scales in order to understand how environmental dissimilarity across geographic space can influence species distribution patterns.</p>
Tick microbiomes in neotropical forest fragments are best explained by tick-associated and environmental factors rather than host blood source
<p>The composition of tick microbiomes varies both within and among tick species. Whether this variation is intrinsic (related to tick characteristics), or extrinsic (related to vertebrate host and habitat) is poorly understood but important, as microbiota can influence the reproductive success and vector competence of ticks. We aimed to uncover what intrinsic and extrinsic factors best explain the microbial composition and taxon richness of 11 species of Neotropical ticks, collected from eight species of small mammals in 18 forest fragments across central Panama. Microbial richness varied among tick species, life stages, and collection sites, but was not related to host blood source. Microbiome composition was best explained by tick life stage, with bacterial assemblages of larvae being a subset of those of nymphs. Collection site explained most of the bacterial taxa with differential abundance across intrinsic and extrinsic factors. <i>Francisella </i>and <i>Rickettsia </i>were highly prevalent, but their proportional abundance differed greatly among tick species and we found both positive and negative co-occurrence between members of these two genera. Other tick endosymbionts (e.g. <i>Coxiella</i>, <i>Rickettsiella</i>) were associated with specific tick species. In addition, we detected <i>Anaplasma</i> and <i>Bartonella </i>in several tick species. Our results indicate that the microbial composition and richness of Neotropical ticks are principally related to intrinsic factors (tick species, life stage) and collection site. Taken together, our analysis informs how tick microbiomes are structured and can help anchor our understanding of tick microbiomes from tropical environments more broadly.</p>
Changes in multiple environmental factors additively enhance the dominance of an exotic plant with a novel trade-off pattern
<p>1. Whether global changes impact native and exotic species differently is unclear, because the changes may favour both native and exotic species over competitors. Previous studies have mainly focused on the separate effects of the different environmental changes, but plant communities are influenced by changes in multiple environmental factors, and it is still unclear whether native and exotic species respond similarly to the combined effects of these factors.</p> <p>2. We hypothesized that differences in interspecific trade-offs between native and exotic species could lead to the dominance of exotic species when the species are simultaneously subjected to multiple environmental changes.</p> <p>3. Using coastal saltmarsh plant communities as the study system, we experimentally manipulated flooding and nutrient enrichment, examined the interspecific trade-offs between competitiveness and stress tolerance for two native and one exotic species, and explored the combined effect of the two environmental changes on both native–native and native–exotic species interactions.</p> <p>4. We found that flooding and nutrient enrichment oppositely affected native–native species interactions but additively affected native–exotic species interactions. The two factors together resulted in no net change in the relative advantages between the two native species but enhanced the dominance of the exotic species over the native species. This disparity occurred because the exotic species was not subject to the interspecific trade-off between competitiveness and stress tolerance that constrained the native species.</p> <p>5. <i><b>Synthesis</b></i>. Our results suggest that changes in multiple environmental factors favour exotic species because of evolutionary novel trade-off patterns. Mechanisms underlying species coexistence in the invaded community such as interspecific trade-offs should be considered when researchers attempt to predict the effects of global changes on biological invasions.</p>
Data from: When environmental factors become stressors: interactive effects of vermetid gastropods and sedimentation on corals
Environmental stressors often interact, but most studies of multiple stressors have focused on combinations of abiotic stressors. Here we examined the potential interaction between a biotic stressor, the vermetid snail Ceraesignum maximum, and an abiotic stressor, high sedimentation, on the growth of reef-building corals. In a field experiment, we subjected juvenile massive Porites corals to four treatments: (i) neither stressor, (ii) sedimentation, (iii) vermetids or (iv) both stressors. Unexpectedly, we found no effect of either stressor in isolation, but a significant decrease in coral growth in the presence of both stressors. Additionally, seven times more sediment remained on corals in the presence (versus absence) of vermetids, likely owing to adhesion of sediments to corals via vermetid mucus. Thus, vermetid snails and high sedimentation can interact to drive deleterious effects on reef-building corals. More generally, our study illustrates that environmental factors can combine to have negative interactive effects even when individual effects are not detectable. Such 'ecological surprises' may be easily overlooked, leading to environmental degradation that cannot be anticipated through the study of isolated factors.
High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge
<p>The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick-borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>Ixodes scapularis </em>abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High-resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>I. scapularis</em> abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing <em>I. scapularis</em>. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white-footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess <em>I. scapularis </em>should incorporate host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the<em> </em>abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick-borne pathogens.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.