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476 results for “Erosive”
Data for "Neglecting the coupled effect of coastal flooding and erosion can lead to spurious projections and maladaptation"
<p>Data for the reproduction of the figures in the manuscript "Neglecting the coupled effect of coastal flooding and erosion can lead to spurious projections and maladaptation".</p>
Aeroelastic simulations of wind turbines affected by leading edge erosion: datasets for multivariate time-series classification
<p>This repository contains data generated and used for classification in the publication:<br> Duthé, G.; Abdallah, I.; Barber, S.; Chatzi, E. Modeling and Monitoring Erosion of the Leading Edge of Wind Turbine Blades. <em>Energies</em> <strong>2021</strong>, <em>14</em>, 7262. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217262</p> <p>The data is generated via OpenFAST aeroelastic simulations coupled with a Non-Homogeneous Compound Poisson Process for degradation modelling and was used to train a Transformer deep learning model.</p> <p>One degradation run generates 1200 samples (1 sample every 6 days corresponding to a 20 year degradation period). In total 20 degradation runs are made available (20x1200 = 24'000 multivariate time-series samples). This repo can serve to benchmark long multivariate time-series classification algorithms. There are 10 possible classes of erosion severity.</p> <p>Each sample is a multivariate time-series of length 60'000, with the following 4 channels extracted from the simulations for a section at the tip of the blade:</p> <ul> <li>Inflow velocity</li> <li>Angle of attack</li> <li>Lift coefficient</li> <li>Drag coefficient</li> </ul> <p>Please see the publication above for more information as well as the included readme for information about the data and an example of how to load it into to PyTorch.</p> <p> </p>
Data to support the publication "The Impact of Soil-Improving Cropping Practices on Erosion Rates: A Stakeholder-Oriented Field Experiment Assessment" https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964
<p>Underlying data of soil measurements and analysis by TUC team for the publication “The Impact of Soil-Improving Cropping Practices on Erosion Rates: A Stakeholder-Oriented Field Experiment Assessment” <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964">https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090964</a> from the SoilCare project study sites in Crete. </p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The risk of erosion is particularly high in Mediterranean areas, especially in areas that are subject to a not so effective agricultural management–or with some omissions–, land abandonment or wildfires. Soils on Crete are under imminent threat of desertification, characterized by loss of vegetation, water erosion, and subsequently, loss of soil. Several large-scale studies have estimated average soil erosion on the island between 6 and 8 Mg/ha/year, but more localized investigations assess soil losses one order of magnitude higher. An experiment initiated in 2017, under the framework of the SoilCare H2020 EU project, aimed to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the soil erosion. The experiment was set up in control versus treatment experimental design including different sets of treatments, targeting the most important cultivations on Crete (olive orchards, vineyards, fruit orchards). The minimum-to-no tillage practice was adopted as an erosion mitigation practice for the olive orchard study site, while for the vineyard site, the cover crop practice was used. For the fruit orchard field, the crop-type change procedure (orange to avocado) was used. The experiment demonstrated that soil-improving cropping techniques have an important impact on soil erosion, and as a result, on soil water conservation that is of primary importance, especially for the Mediterranean dry regions. The demonstration of the findings is of practical use to most stakeholders, especially those that live and work with the local land.</p>
Aeolian erosion thresholds for cohesive sand
<p>These are datastet corresponding to the article entitled "Aeolian erosion threshold for cohesive sand" by J.-B Besnard, P. Dupont, A. Ould El Moctar and A. Valance.</p> <p>The data set are stored in an excel file which is made of four different sheets corresponding to the data from Figure 2a, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5a of the article.<br> </p>
Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows).
parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone. in Palaeohistology helps reveal taxonomic variability in exceptionally large temnospondyl humeri from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów, SW Poland
parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone.
Climate is more influential to vegetation green-up than factors that contribute to erosion following high-severity wildfire
<p>Background</p> <p>In the southwestern United States, post-fire vegetation recovery is increasingly variable in forest burned at high-severity. Many factors, including temperature, drought, and erosion, can reduce post-fire vegetation recovery rates. Here, we examined how post-fire precipitation variability, topography, and soils influenced post-fire vegetation recovery in the southwestern United States as measured by greenness. We modeled relationships between post-fire vegetation and these predictors using Random Forest and examined changes in post-fire normalized burn ratio across fires in Arizona and New Mexico. We incorporated growing season climate to determine if year-of-fire effects were persistent during the subsequent five years or if temperature, water deficit, and precipitation in the years following fire were more influential for vegetation greenness.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found reductions in post-fire greenness in areas burned at high-severity when heavy and intense precipitation fell on more erodible soils immediately post-fire. In <a>highly erodible</a> scenarios, when accounting for growing season climate, coefficient of variation for year-of-fire precipitation, total precipitation, and soil erodibility decreased greenness in the fifth year. While the effects of year-of-fire factors related to erosion were significant, they were small, and the variability explained by growing season vapor pressure deficit and growing season precipitation were significantly greater.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that while the factors that contribute to post-fire erosion and its effects on vegetation recovery are important, at a regional scale, the majority of the variability in post-fire greenness in high-severity burned areas in southwestern forests is due to climatic drivers such as growing season precipitation and vapor pressure deficit. Given the scale of area burned at high-severity, the likelihood that high-severity burned area will continue to increase, and the potential for more post-fire erosion that can result in different vegetation trajectories, quantifying how these factors alter the trajectory of greenness and what that means in terms of ecosystem development is central to understanding how different ecosystem types will be distributed across these landscapes with additional climate change.</p>
Data for "Bar to bank height ratio sets bank erosion rate"
<p>CaseA1_Q20Zbar15Zbank35_initial.csv ~ CaseB6_Q30Zbar45Zbank45_last.csv: Survey data of riverbed topography at the beginning of the experiment (_initial.csv) and at the end of the experiment (_last.csv). The first line of each file indicates the number of measurement points, and the second and subsequent lines indicate the x, y, and z coordinates.</p> <p>velocity results.zip: Results of flow velocity analysis using iRIC Nays2DH. The ipro files stored in the zip can be opened by installing the free software "iRIC" (https://i-ric.org/en/). Please refer to the manual and the examples (https://i-ric.org/en/solvers/nays2dh/) for how to view calculation results and calculation conditions.</p> <p>bar height and near bank velocity.xlsx: Table on bar height and near-bank velocity for each case.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 5 in Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells.
Fig. 5. Relationships for shell growth rate, shell roundness, and erosion index.. (A) Shell growth rate and roundness measured directly for snails from the secondary population. (B) Shell roundness plotted against erosion index for the primary population. (C) Predicted growth rate plotted against the erosion index. Regression equations and significant differences are given in the Materials and Methods section. Dashed lines represent 95% CI.
Fig. 4 in Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells.
Fig. 4. (A–B) Relationships for shell growth rate and shell size based on the secondary data set. (C) Erosion time (ET) as a function of shell size (SL), and (D) comparison of standardized erosion time (SET) between the acidified (EM) and non-acidified (UB) sites using the primary data sets. Dashed lines represent 95% CI. Red symbols indicate snails collected from the acidified site and black symbols from the non-acidified site.
Fig. 3 in Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells.
Fig. 3. (A–C) Relationships between total suture length, eroded suture length and shell length for snails from acidified (EM, red) and reference (UBD, black) sites. (D–F) Relationships between erosion index (EI), shell erosion rank (SER), and shell length (SL). Mean values are indicated by large circles. Regression equations and significant differences are given in the Materials and Methods section.
Fig. 1 in Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells.
Fig. 1. Methods for determining shell roundness, shell dissolution and growth rate. (A) Shell roundness was assessed from shell width (SW)/ shell length (SL). Shell erosion rank (SER) was scored using eight segments, where moderate erosion (ridges still observed) covered> 50% of the numerically greatest segment. The vertical line through the shell bisects the apical angle. By forming the apical angle we could measure projected SL (the intrinsic responder), as the actual SL is influenced by extrinsic apical dissolution in acidified water. (B) Comparison of SER (upper) and Erosion Index (EI) methods (lower). EI was calculated from the spiral suture length of the eroded shell divided by the total planospiral shell spiral length (R/ (Y and R)) using severe erosion (ridges not observed) determined from apical views (lower images). Upper images show the abapertural surfaces of the same shells, giving their SERs. (C) The growth rate was estimated from the shell margin extension of marked and recaptured snails (n = 22). The marginal extension is shown to far exceed shell length (SL) extension. EA, spire whorl, EB, body whorl, S, shell suture, W1-4, shell whorls.
Fig. 2 in Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells.
Fig. 2. (A–C). Comparisons between the localities in shell length, shell width and shell roundness (SW/SL). Data are shown as median, 25–75%, min-max (see key). (D) Relationships between shell width and shell length are: EM (y = -0.55 + 0.686x; r = 0.97; p <0.001) and UB (y = 1.157 + 0.57x; r = 0.93; p <0.001). Red circles indicate the acidified locality (EM) and black circles, the non-acidified locality (UB).
Extreme Erosion Events database for Eurasia
<p>Climate changes lead to an increase of extreme events frequency and intensity (hurricanes, floods, extreme<br> rainfall), and as a consequence to the intensification of erosion processes both in the<br> mountainous and plain regions. Database of extreme erosion events (EEEs) was created on the basis of literature review.</p> <p><em>This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant 16-05-00815.</em></p> <p>Изменение климата приводит к увеличение частоты и интенсивности экстремальных событий (ураганы, наводнения, экстремальные осадки), в результате происходит интенсификация эрозионных процессов как в горных так и в равнинных регионах. На основе анализа литературы была создана база данных Экстремальных эрозионных событий (ЭЭЭ) в Евразии.</p> <p><em>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант 16-05-00815.</em></p>
Erosion threshold and mode of failure of biofilm surrogates
<p>This dataset provides the raw data from laboratory experiments investigating the failure mechanisms and erosion thresholds of surrogate biofilms. The experiments were conducted as part of HYDRALAB+ JRA 1 RECIPE. More than 60 erosion experiments were carried out at the FZK (Forschungszentrum Küste) using different mixtures of Xanthan Gum and sand fractions. </p>
Large scale experiments for an alternative erosion control measure using sand-filled geosystems. Data set produced at the CIEM flume, Hydralab+
<p>Sand-filled geosystems have the potential to mimic aspects of natural and nature-based features that can enhance the resilience of coastal areas challenged by climate, with additional (structural) reinforcement.</p> <p>Knowledge gaps can be identified. For instance, (i) the sediment transport mechanisms around the geosystem; (ii) the amount of erosion in the leeside when the system is overtopped; (iii) quantitative contribution the geosystem for the wave overtopping reduction; and (iv) failure mechanisms of the geosystem under extreme conditions. Specific tests are proposed in order to fill the defined knowledge gap and answer the following research questions:</p> <ol> <li>How do nearshore coastal processes (wave transformation, sediment transport) and wave structure interactions during extreme events differ from those during more usual big storm conditions for situations with and without the geosystem?</li> <li>How do feedbacks between the hydrodynamics and morphology of natural and nature-based features affect flooding, erosion, and recovery of coastal areas when erosion is limited by the 'geosystem'?</li> <li>How to conceive a dynamic coastal protection that can easily adapt to climate change in areas experiencing coastal squeeze (i.e. dense urban environment and human infrastructure with sea encroaching land) and vulnerable to coastal erosion and flooding risks?</li> </ol> <p>The set of experiments, done at the large wave Flume (CIEM) in Barcelona, are here described in order to answer the previous questions. These experiments started on October 2018 and ended at the end of November 2018. These tests include different configurations:<br>an initial benchmark tests in order to test the wave conditions were no geosystem protection is used, a second layout with a geotube used as a geosystem protection and finally a third layout were geobags are used as a protection.</p>
Large scale experiments for an alternative erosion control measure using sand-filled geosystems. Data set produced at the CIEM flume, Hydralab+
<p>Sand-filled geosystems have the potential to mimic aspects of natural and nature-based features that can enhance the resilience of coastal areas challenged by climate, with additional (structural) reinforcement.</p> <p>Knowledge gaps can be identified. For instance, (i) the sediment transport mechanisms around the geosystem; (ii) the amount of erosion in the leeside when the system is overtopped; (iii) quantitative contribution the geosystem for the wave overtopping reduction; and (iv) failure mechanisms of the geosystem under extreme conditions. Specific tests are proposed in order to fill the defined knowledge gap and answer the following research questions:</p> <ol> <li>How do nearshore coastal processes (wave transformation, sediment transport) and wave structure interactions during extreme events differ from those during more usual big storm conditions for situations with and without the geosystem?</li> <li>How do feedbacks between the hydrodynamics and morphology of natural and nature-based features affect flooding, erosion, and recovery of coastal areas when<br> erosion is limited by the 'geosystem'?</li> <li>How to conceive a dynamic coastal protection that can easily adapt to climate change in areas experiencing coastal squeeze (i.e. dense urban environment and human infrastructure with sea encroaching land) and vulnerable to coastal erosion and flooding risks?</li> </ol> <p>The set of experiments, done at the large wave Flume (CIEM) in Barcelona, are here described in order to answer the previous questions. These experiments started on October 2018 and ended at the end of November 2018. These tests include different configurations: an initial benchmark tests in order to test the wave conditions were no geosystem protection is used, a second layout with a geotube used as a geosystem protection and finally a third layout were geobags are used as a protection.</p>
Data for the Carbon Erosion Dynamics Model (CE-DYNAM)
<p>Data on soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and data on the turnover rates between carbon pools on land of the Rhine catchment for the period 1850-2005. This dataset belongs to the model code that will be published in the near future along with a paper in submission to the GMD journal.</p>
Past, present and future rainfall erosivity in Northwestern Europe
<p>Past, present and future rainfall erosivity in Northwestern Europe calculated from convection-permitting climate simulations in CNRM-AROME (Lucas-Picher et al., 2023; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y</a>) using emission scenario RCP 8.5. A description of the methodology is given in the article "Past, present and future rainfall erosivity in central Europe based on convection-permitting climate simulations" by Magdalena Uber et al. (2024) in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-87-2024">https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-87-2024</a>). Please see the README-file for further information.</p> <p>This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport in the framework of the DAS-Basisdienst.</p>
Dataset - Targeted social immunity is associated with a pathogen-specific erosion of individual immune function in the black garden ant
<p>Datasets and code used to generate the figures. Files sorted by figure panel number. <a href="../api/records/12820609/draft/files/Videos_grooming_.zip/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Videos_grooming_.zip</a> contains the original videos used for the grooming analysis. </p>
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