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figure 7 in Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence

figure 7 (Cont.) I – Halobiotus arcturulius Crisp & Kristensen, 1983 (Halobiotidae fam. nov.); J – Halobiotus crispae (Halobiotidae fam. nov.); K – Doryphoribius dawkinsi (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); L – Thulinius ruffoi (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); M – Pseudobiotus megalonyx (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); N – Pseudobiotus megalonyx (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.), modified male claws I; O – Grevenius granulifer comb. nov. (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); P – Grevenius pushkini comb. nov. (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); Q – Hexapodibius micronyx (Hexapodibiidae), reduced claws with undeveloped bases. Scale bars in micrometres

figure 7 in Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence

figure 7 Claw types of various members of Isohypsibioidea (SEM): A – Isohypsibius prosostomus (Isohypsibiidae); B – Isohypsibius coulsoni (Isohypsibiidae); C – Ursulinius pappi comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), claws I –III; D – Ursulinius pappi comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), modified claws IV (arrowheads indicate evident pseudolunulae); E – Eremobiotus sp. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), external side of claws I–III (incised arrowheads indicate longitudinal internal bar, empty incised arrowheads – the furbelow structure covered with minute granulation, the empty arrowhead – pedal gibbosity); F – Eremobiotus sp. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), internal side of claws I–III; G – Fractonotus verrucosus (Isohypsibiidae); H – Dianea sattleri comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae); (Cont. on next page)

figure 10 in Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence

figure 10 Modified Isohypsibius type claws (Isohypsibiidae, PCM): Ursulinius type claws: A – Ursulinius pappi comb. nov.; B – Ursulinius duranteae (Maucci, 1978) comb. nov.; C – Ursulinius ronsisvallei (Binda & Pilato, 1969) comb. nov.; D – Ursulinius dudichi (Iharos, 1964) comb. nov. Note double bars (incised arrowheads) and well-developed pseudolunulae (empty incised arrowheads). Scale bars = 10 µm

figure 6 in Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence

figure 6 Cuticular surface of various members of Isohypsibioidea (SEM): A–B – Fractonotus verrucosus (Isohypsibiidae), obtuse tubercles and plaques; C – Dianea sattleri comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), small wrinkled gibbosities; D – Ursulinius pappi comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), large reticulated gibbosities; E – Ursulinius elegans (Binda & Pilato, 1971) comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae), large ornamented gibbosities; F – Doryphoribius dawkinsi (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.), large sculptured gibbosities; G – Grevenius granulifer comb. nov. (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.), irregularDownloaded small tubercles from; BrillH.– com Grevenius 12/12/2023 pushkini02:59:51PM (Tumanov, 2003) comb. nov. via (Open Doryphoribiidae Access. This fam. isnovan.), open cuticular accesswrinkles article. Scale distributed bars in under micrometresthe terms of the prevailing CC-BY license at the time of publication. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

figure 5 in Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence

figure 5 Peribuccal structures of various members of Isohypsibioidea (SEM): A – Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek et al., 2012 (Isohypsibiidae); B – Ursulinius pappi comb. nov. (Isohypsibiidae); C – Fractonotus verrucosus (Isohypsibiidae); D – Halobiotus crispae (Halobiotidae fam. nov.); E – Doryphoribius dawkinsi (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); F – Apodibius confusus (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); G – Thulinius ruffoi (Bertolani, 1981) (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); H – Pseudobiotus megalonyx (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); I – Grevenius granulifer comb. nov. (Doryphoribiidae fam. nov.); J – Hexapodibius micronyx (Hexapodibiidae). Incised arrowheads indicate the first row of Downloadedteeth, from emptyBrill. incised com 12/12/ arrowheads2023 – 02: the 59:51PM second row of teeth, arrowheadsvia Open – fused Access. peribuccal This is an lamellaeopen, empty access article arrowheads – distributed peribuccalunderwrin-the terms of the prevailing CC-BY license at the time of publication. kles, and the asterisk points the peribuccal chemosensory http organ://. Scale bars creativecommons= 1 µm.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Fig. 21 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 21. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of Superclade I of the family Macrobiotidae. Values at nodes are BI posterior probability supports, nodes with support <0.70 were collapsed whereas nodes with maximum support values (1.00) are not shown. Newly sequenced taxa are bolded and marked with red font. The scale bar represents substitutions per position.

Fig. 20 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 20. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., SEM images of eggs (ISEA PAS). A–B. Entire egg. C–F. Details of egg processes and the surface between them. Empty indented arrowheads indicate pores in center of terminal discs, filled flat arrowheads indicate small pores around bases of egg processes, filled indented arrowheads indicate thickenings around bases of egg processes. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 19 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 19. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., PCM images of the eggs under ×1000 magnification (ISEA PAS). A–C. Egg surface. D–E. Midsections of egg processes. Empty indented arrowheads indicate pores / light-refracting dots in the center of the terminal discs, filled flat arrowheads indicate small pores around bases of the egg processes, filled indented arrowheads indicate dark thickenings around bases of the egg processes. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 18 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 18. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., mouth opening and the oral cavity armature seen under SEM (paratypes, ISEA PAS). A–B. The mouth opening of a single paratype visible from lateral and frontal view respectively. C–D. The oral cavity armature of a single paratype seen under SEM from different angles, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view, respectively. Empty arrows indicate cuticular pores, filled flat arrowheads indicate the first band of tenth, empty flat arrowheads indicate the second band of teeth, and filled indented arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 17 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 17. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., PCM images of the buccal apparatus (all from holotype, IL.001.11, ISEA PAS, forma aporata). A. An entire buccal apparatus. B–C. The oral cavity armature, dorsal and ventral teeth respectively. D–E. Placoid morphology, dorsal and ventral placoids, respectively. The filled flat arrowheads indicate the first band of teeth, the empty flat arrowheads indicate the second band of teeth, the filled indented arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth, and the empty indented arrowheads indicate central and subterminal constrictions in the first and second macroplacoid, respectively. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 16 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 16. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., images of claws (paratypes, ISEA PAS). A. Claws II with smooth lunulae (PCM, forma aporata). B. Claws IV with dentate lunulae (PCM, forma aporata). C. Dentate lunulae (PCM, forma aporata). D. Claws II with smooth lunulae, respectively (SEM, forma porata). E. Claws IV with dentate lunulae (SEM, forma porata). The empty arrow indicates a singular cuticular pore, filled indented arrowheads indicate shadowed extensions extending from the lunulae (under PCM), filled flat arrowheads indicate paired muscles attachments, and empty indented arrowheads indicate the horseshoe structure connecting the anterior and the posterior claw. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 13 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 13. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., a schematic drawing of a specimen belonging to forma porata, showing the distribution of patches of cuticular pores, body and leg granulation as well as the gartershaped structures on legs I–III.

Fig. 14 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 14. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., PCM images of dense granulation patches and cuticular structures on legs (paratypes, ISEA PAS). A. Granulation on the external, proximal and internal surface of leg II. B. Garter-shaped structure and granulation on the external surface of leg II. C. Granulation on the internal surface of leg III. D. Granulation on the hind leg. The empty arrow indicates a cuticular pore, filled arrows indicate the garter-shaped structure. All photographs taken from specimens belonging to forma aporata; scale bars in μm.

Fig. 15 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 15. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., SEM images of dense granulation patches and cuticular structures on legs (paratypes, ISEA PAS). A. Granulation and garter-shaped structure on the external surface of leg I (forma porata). B. Granulation and garter-shaped structure on the external surface of leg II (forma aporata). C. Granulation on the internal surface of leg II (forma porata). D. Granulation on the hind leg (forma porata). Empty arrows indicate cuticular pores, filled arrows indicate the garter-shaped structure, empty flat arrowheads indicate the small cuticular bulge / fold, filled flat arrowheads indicate small pores in between granulation that are visible only under SEM. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 12 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 12. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., SEM images of cuticular pores patches in two paratypes of forma porata (ISEA PAS). A, C. Patches II, III and IV. B, D. Dorsal view on the caudal body region with continuous patch V of pores. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 8 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 8. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., SEM images of eggs (ISEA PAS). A–B. Entire egg. C–D. Details of egg processes and the surface between them. E–F. Details of the terminal disc. The filled indented arrowheads indicate thickenings around the process bases and filled flat arrowheads indicate faintly visible pores. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 2. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., SEM images of body granulation and cuticular pores of a paratype (ISEA PAS). A. Body granulation and pores in the dorsal cuticle. B. Body granulation and pores in the ventral cuticle. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 11 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 11. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., PCM images of cuticular pores patches in forma porata (paratype, ISEA PAS). A. Patches II, III and IV. B. Patches IV and V. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 1. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., PCM images of habitus, body granulation and cuticular pores of the holotype (GL.001.01, ISEA PAS). A. Habitus, dorso-ventral projection. B. Granulation in the dorsal cuticle. C. Granulation in the ventral body cuticle. D. Pores in the dorsal cuticle. E. Pores in the ventral cuticle. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 7 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 7. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., PCM images of the eggs (ISEA PAS) under ×1000 magnification. A, C, E. Egg surface with focus on egg processes and terminal discs. B, D, F. Egg surface, focus on the surface between processes. G–H. Midsections of egg processes. The filled indented arrowheads indicate thickenings around the process bases and filled flat arrowheads indicate faintly visible pores. Scale bars in μm.