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111 results for “Evolution of ageing”
Figure 26 in Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class
Figure 26. Distribution of the Order Julida.
Data and code for: Dog lifespans and the evolution of ageing
<p>The basic tenets of the evolutionary theories of senescence are well supported. However, there has been little progress in determining the relative influences of mutation accumulation and life history optimisation. The causes of the well-established inverse relationship between lifespan and body size across dog breeds are used here to test these two classes of theories. The lifespan-body size relationship is confirmed for the first time after controlling for breed phylogeny. The lifespan-body size relationship cannot be explained by evolutionary responses to differences in extrinsic mortality, either of contemporary breeds or of breeds at their establishment. The development of breeds larger and smaller than ancestral grey wolves has occurred through changes in early growth rate. This may explain the increase in the minimum age-dependent mortality rate with breed body size and thus higher age-dependent mortality throughout adult life. The main cause of this mortality is cancer. These patterns are consistent with the optimisation of life history as described by the disposable soma theory of the evolution of ageing. The dog breed lifespan-body size relationship may be the result of the evolution of greater defence against cancer lagging behind the rapid increase in body size during recent breed establishment.</p>
Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity
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The evolution of lifespan and ageing in response to dietary macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets
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An age-dependent ovulatory strategy explains the evolution of dizygotic twinning in humans
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Data and code for: Dog lifespans and the evolution of ageing
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Data and code from: The evolution of developmental thresholds and reaction norms for age and size at maturity
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Data from: Rapid sex-specific evolution of age at maturity is shaped by genetic architecture in Atlantic salmon
Understanding the mechanisms by which populations adapt to their environments is a fundamental aim in biology. However, it remains challenging to identify the genetic basis of traits, provide evidence of genetic changes and quantify phenotypic responses. Age at maturity in Atlantic salmon represents an ideal trait to study contemporary adaptive evolution as it has been associated with a single locus in the vgll3 region, and has also strongly changed in recent decades. Here, we provide an empirical example of contemporary adaptive evolution of a large effect locus driving contrasting sex-specific evolutionary responses at the phenotypic level. We identified an 18% decrease in the vgll3 allele associated with late maturity (L) in a large and diverse salmon population over 36 years, induced by sex-specific selection during the sea migration. Those genetic changes resulted in a significant evolutionary response in males only, due to sex-specific dominance patterns and vgll3 allelic effects. The vgll3 allelic and dominance effects differed greatly in a second population and were likely to generate different selection and evolutionary patterns. Our study highlights the importance of knowledge of genetic architecture to better understand fitness trait evolution and phenotypic diversity. It also emphasizes the potential role of adaptive evolution in the trend toward earlier maturation observed in numerous Atlantic salmon populations worldwide.
Data from: Parental age effects and the evolution of senescence
<p>Most theory on the evolution of senescence implicitly assumes that all offspring are of equal quality. However, in addition to age-related declines in survival and fecundity (classically-defined senescence), many organisms exhibit age-related declines in offspring quality, a phenomenon known as a parental age effect. Theoretical work suggests that parental age effects may alter age-trajectories of selection and therefore shape the evolution of senescence; however, to date, these analyses have been limited to idealized life cycles, and models of maternal care in human populations. To gain a broader understanding of how parental age effects may shape age-trajectories of selection, we extend the classic age-structured population projection model to also account for parental age structure, and apply this model to empirical data from an aquatic plant known to exhibit parental age effects (the duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i>), as well as a diverse set of simulated life cycles. Our results suggest that parental age effects alter predictions from classic theory on the evolution of senescence. Age-related declines in offspring quality reduce the relative value of late-life reproduction, leading to steeper age-related declines in the force of natural selection than would otherwise be expected, and potentially favoring the evolution of more rapid rates of senescence.</p>
Data from: A function-valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries induced evolution
Natural selection is inherently a multivariate phenomenon. The selection pressure on size (natural and artificial) and the age at which selection occurs is likely to induce evolutionary changes in growth rates across the entire life history. However, the covariance structure that will determine the path of evolution for size-at-age has been studied in only a few fish species. We therefore estimated the genetic covariance function for size throughout ontogeny using Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) as the model system. Over a 3-year period, a total of 542 families were used to estimate the genetic covariance in length at age from hatch through maturity. The function-valued trait approach was employed to estimate the genetic covariance functions. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to account for the unbalanced design, unequal measurement intervals, unequal sample sizes, and family-aggregated data. To improve mixing, we developed a two-stage sampler using a Gibbs sampler to generate the posterior of a well-mixing approximate model followed by an importance sampler to draw samples from posterior of the completely specified model. We found that heritability of length is age-specific and there are strong genetic correlations in length across ages that last 30d or more. We used these estimates in a hypothetical model predicting the evolutionary response to harvesting following a single generation of selection under both sigmoidal and unimodal patterns of gear selectivity to illustrate the potential outcomes of ignoring the genetic correlations. In these scenarios genetic correlations were found to have a strong effect on both the direction and magnitude of the response to harvest selection.
Global evolution of educational marketing in the digital age: A bibliometric analysis of its impact on student satisfaction
<p><span>Educational marketing has emerged as a crucial strategy to improve student satisfaction in an increasingly competitive and globalized academic environment. This bibliometric research aimed to analyze the evolution and trends in the scientific literature on educational marketing as a strategy for student satisfaction. A qualitative and descriptive approach with a non-experimental and longitudinal design was used. The study analyzed 201 documents extracted from Scopus, using bibliometric techniques implemented through VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The results reveal an annual growth of 10.51% in scientific production, with significant contributions from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and India, as well as a growing participation of Latin American countries. A core of specialized journals leading publication in this field was identified. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted central themes such as higher education, e-learning and student satisfaction. The research shows an expanding interdisciplinary field, with approaches that address internationalization, the use of digital technologies and the personalization of educational services. It is concluded that educational marketing is an effective strategic tool to improve student satisfaction, retention and academic performance, highlighting the need to adapt these strategies to the rapid technological and social changes in the educational sector.</span></p>
text-fig. 57. Diagrams showing the relations between age rank and clade rank and the SRC for pectinate components of the cladogram figured in Text-figure 55 and the total cladogram. Names of the diagrams refer to the terminal taxa to which the pectinate components lead. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 57. Diagrams showing the relations between age rank and clade rank and the SRC for pectinate components of the cladogram figured in Text-figure 55 and the total cladogram. Names of the diagrams refer to the terminal taxa to which the pectinate components lead.
Evolution of light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosols from biomass burning in atmospheric photooxidation aging
<p>The Dataset of the evolution of light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosols from biomass burning in atmospheric photooxidation aging.</p>
Evolution of the Relationship Between Central and Peripheral Arterial Wave Velocities as a Function of Age
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06742775. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
Evaluation of the Evolution of Quality of Life in Relation to Naso-sinus Symptomatology Under Treatment With CFTE Modulators in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years With Cystic Fibrosis With Compatible Mutatio
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05581056. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Parental age effects and the evolution of senescence
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Data from: Rapid sex-specific evolution of age at maturity is shaped by genetic architecture in Atlantic salmon
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Data from: The evolution of labile traits in sex- and age-structured populations
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Data from: A function-valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries induced evolution
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The evolution of age-specific choosiness when mating
<p>Mate choice is a crucial element of many processes in evolutionary biology. Empirical research has shown that mating preference and choosiness often change with age. Understanding the evolutionary causes of patterns of age-specific choosiness is challenging because different mechanisms can give rise to the same pattern. Instead of focusing on the optimal age-specific choosiness strategy given fitness trade-offs, we approach this question from a more general standpoint and ask how the strength of selection on choosiness changes with the age at which it is expressed. We show that the strength of selection on a modifier of choosiness at a given age depends on the relative contribution of this age class to the pool of offspring but does not depend directly on the strength of selection on fitness components at the age affected by the modifier. We illustrate our results by contrasting two life histories from the literature. We further show how mutation-selection balance at the choosiness locus can shape age-specific choosiness. Our results provide new insights for understanding the evolution of choosiness throughout life, with implications for understanding the evolution of mate choice and reproductive isolation.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.